Kunombono wokuthi i-cholesterol iyinto enobungozi futhi iyingozi, kodwa empeleni lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. I-cholesterol ibaluleke kakhulu, iyingxenye yawo wonke amaseli asemzimbeni. Into efana namafutha ihanjiswa ngemithambo yegazi.
Imisebenzi ye-cholesterol ukuhlukaniswa kokuphela kwezinzwa, ukukhiqizwa kuka-Vitamin D kusuka elangeni, ukusiza ekuthatheni amavithamini, umsebenzi wesinye sezinyongo. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ukuma okuvamile kwesizinda se-hormonal akunakwenzeka.
I-cholesterol ingu-80% ekhiqizwa ngumzimba uqobo (endo native), ama-20% omuntu asele athola ngokudla (exo native). I-Lipoprotein ingaba ephansi (LDL) kanye ne-high (HDL) kwabantu.I-cholesterol enhle esezingeni eliphezulu iyinto yokwakha amaseli, okwedlulele kuthunyelwa emuva esibindini, lapho kudingidwa khona futhi kukhishwe emzimbeni.
I-cholesterol embi kakhulu ebuncane obukhulu bokugxila okwandayo ifakwa ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi, yakha izingqwembe, futhi ibangele ukuqhekeka. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina inkomba yale nto ngaphakathi kobubanzi obujwayelekile. Ama-lipoproteins angaphansi kwabantu abangela ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-yegilo yegilo, isifo sikashukela.
Ibonakala kanjani i-cholesterol
Ukwakheka kwe-cholesterol kuncike ekusebenzeni okwanele komzimba, ngisho nokuphambuka okuncane, izimo ezahlukahlukene ze-pathological kanye nezifo ziyaqala.
Kwakheka kanjani i-cholesterol emzimbeni womuntu? Isibindi sinesibopho sokwenza into enjengamafutha, yiso lesi sitho esibaluleke kakhulu ekutholakaleni kwama-lipoprotein aphezulu.
Ingxenye encane ye-cholesterol ikhiqizwa amaseli kanye namathumbu amancane. Emini, umzimba ukhipha cishe igremu elilodwa lento.
Uma i-cholesterol inganele, indlela esebenza ngayo iyaphazamiseka, ama-lipoprotein avela esibindini abuyela esimisweni sokujikeleza.
Izingxenyana:
- kuphela encibilikayo ngokwengxenye koketshezi;
- ukudilika okungatheleleki kuqongelela ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi;
- ifomu le-atherosclerotic plaques.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-neoplasms avusa ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zenhliziyo kanye nohlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi.
Ukuze kwakheke i-cholesterol ephezulu kakhulu, kufanele kube nokuhluka okuningi. Inqubo iqala ngokufihlwa kwe-myvalonate ekhethekile yento, lapho i-mevalonic acid ivela khona kamuva, ebaluleke kakhulu kumetabolism.
Ngokushesha lapho kukhishwa inani elanele, ukwakheka kwe-isoprenoid okusebenzayo kuyaphawulwa. Itholakala ngobuningi bezinhlanganisela zemvelo. Ngemuva kwalokho izinto zihlanganisiwe, kwakhiwa i-squalene. Ngemuva kokuba iguqulwe yaba yi-ingredient lanosterol, engena ekuphendukeni okuyinkimbinkimbi kwamakhemikhali futhi yakhe i-cholesterol
Ngokwayo, i-cholesterol ayihlanganyeli ezinqubweni ze-metabolic, ngoba ayikwazi ukuncibilika ku-plasma yegazi. Ukulethwa kweLipoprotein esitokisini esikufunayo kungenzeka kuphela ngemuva kokunamathiselwe kuma-molecule amaprotheni.
Izinhlobo eziphambili nemisebenzi ye-cholesterol
Uhlelo lokunikezela ngegazi alugcwele i-cholesterol, kepha ingxube yalo nama-lipoprotein. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-cholesterol emzimbeni: ephezulu, ephansi futhi ephansi kakhulu. I-cholesterol esezingeni eliphansi kanye ne-triglycerides ingavala ukuhamba kwegazi futhi ivuse ukwakheka kwama-cholesterol plaques. Bajoka emngceleni ngesimo samakristalu, baqoqane futhi baphazamise ukuhamba kwegazi okujwayelekile; ukuqeda ama-neoplasms akulula kangako.
Kumuntu ophethe i-cholesterol ephezulu, ingozi ye-vascular pathologies iyanda, ama-deposits wamafutha adala ukunciphisa i-lumen ye-vascular. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuphuma kwegazi lemvelo kuyaphazamiseka, izitho ezibalulekile zangaphakathi zihlupheka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwegazi. Ngezikhathi ezithile, amathuba wokuqhekeka kwegazi ayanda, ukwakheka okunjalo nokuqhekeka kwabo kubangela ukuqhekeka kwemithambo yegazi.
Phakathi kwemisebenzi ye-cholesterol, ukunikezwa kokukhiqizwa kwama-hormone ocansi, isibonelo, i-testosterone, kufanele kukhonjiswe. Futhi kuyisisekelo sokukhiqizwa kwe-Vitamin D, kuvikela amaseli emiphumeleni eyingozi yama-radicals mahhala. Umuthi ubamba iqhaza elibalulekile kumetabolism; ukushoda kwawo kubangela ukuphazamiseka kwezinqubo ezenzeka ebuchosheni.
Izinzuzo zivela kuphela ku-cholesterol enhle, kanti okubi kubangela ukulimala komzimba womuntu. Ngokukhuphuka kokuhlushwa kwento efana namafutha, kuba nezinkinga eziyingozi nezifo.
Uhlu lwezizathu zokwandisa cholesterol lubandakanya:
- ukudla ngokweqile;
- ukubaluleka kokudla okunamafutha ekudleni;
- imikhuba emibi;
- ukuthatha imishanguzo ethile;
- isakhi sofuzo.
Ukungasebenzi kahle kwinqubo yemvelo ye-metabolic kungenzeka ngenxa yokubhema kanye nokusetshenziswa njalo kotshwala. Isizinda senkinga sakhiwe futhi siphikisana nesizinda sezinye izifo, kufaka phakathi ukuhluleka kwezinso, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-neoplasms, i-pancreatic pathologies.
Ngokuvamile, ukukhula kwe-cholesterol kutholakala ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela mellitus. Abantu abanjalo banokushoda okukhulu kwama-enzyme e-pancreatic, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba basondele ngokucophelela ekukhetheni ukudla.
Abesifazane nabesilisa bangabhekana nokuhlukunyezwa ngendlela efanayo. Inqubo yokukhiqiza izinto kumele ibhekelwe ngodokotela. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uyohlolwa njalo, ikakhulukazi:
- emva kweminyaka engama-30;
- phambi kokuqagela kwalesi sifo;
- onesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Kusukela ngesikhathi sokuhamba, i-cholesterol ifakwa i-oxid futhi iphenduka i-molecule engazinzile engena ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi, odokotela batusa ukuthi abantu abanesifo sikashukela basebenzise ukudla okune-antioxidants. I-antioxidant edume kakhulu yi-ascorbic acid, etholakala kwimifino nezithelo. Amavithamini E, A abe ama-anti-oxidation agents anamandla.
I-cholesterol ephansi iwuphawu lwezifo eziyingozi: i-cirrhosis esezigabeni zokugcina, i-anemia engapheli, i-renal, ukwehluleka kwamaphaphu, isifo somongo.
Ukwehla okusheshayo kwe-cholesterol kuwuphawu lwe-sepsis, ukutheleleka ngamandla, ukusha okukhulu.
Ukwehla kwento kungaba wubufakazi bamaphutha wokudla lapho umuntu onesifo sikashukela ekuthanda ukuzila ukudla, ukudla okuqinile, futhi edla ama-omega-3 acid amancane.
Izindlela Zokuxilonga
I-cholesterol ephezulu ayinikezeli zimpawu ezithile, ngakho-ke ukuphela kwendlela esisiza ekunqumeni imingcele yento ukubalwa kwegazi. Ngokuya ngemiphumela yocwaningo, izinga lamafutha nezingxenyana zawo, udokotela uncoma ukuthi isiguli siphinde sicabangele indlela yaso yokuphila, imikhuba yokudla, sinikeze eminye imishanguzo.
Ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni, ubulukhuni be-atherosulinosis yemithambo, amathuba okuqalwa kwalesi sifo kanye nezinkinga zaso kusungulwa. Lapho i-cholesterol inyusa, iba ningi ingozi yesifo senhliziyo.
Igazi linikelwa nge-cholesterol esiswini esingenalutho, usuku ngaphambi kokunamathela kokudla kwakho okujwayelekile. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-biochemical kuzokhombisa izinga le:
- density lipoproteins (kuhle);
- ukungazweli okuphansi (kubi);
- i-cholesterol ephelele;
- triglycerides (density low low).
Izinsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa khipha utshwala, ukubhema, yeka ukuthatha izithasiselo ezisebenza ngokusebenza. Udokotela kufanele atshele ukuthi yisiphi isiguli esithatha imishanguzo, i-Vitamin kanye ne-mineral complexes. Kwadokotela, ulwazi olubalulekile ukusetshenziswa kwama-fibrate, ama-statins, ama-diuretics, ama-antibalasibhakela.
Ukuqonda ubungozi bokuthola isifo sokuqina kwemizwa, kudingeka wazi izinkambiso ezisunguliwe ze-cholesterol, ngakho-ke, amathuba aphansi we-pathology aqashelwa izinkomba zento:
- ukushuba okuphezulu - ngaphezulu kwe-40 mg / dl;
- kwabantu abaphansi - ngaphansi kwe-130 mg / dl;
- isamba esingaphansi kwama-200 mg / dl;
- ama-triglycerides - ngaphansi kwama-200 mg / dl.
Ngokusho kwabanye odokotela, kungcono uma inkomba ye-cholesterol embi ne-triglycerides incane kakhulu kunalokho okukhonjisiwe.
Inqubo ithatha imizuzu embalwa nje, umphumela ungatholakala ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa noma ngosuku olulandelayo. Kwesinye isikhathi uzodinga ukwenza isampula legazi lesibili ukuqinisekisa noma ukwenqaba ukutholwa. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu esikhungweni sezokwelapha esifanayo, ngoba ezindaweni ezihlukile zokucwaninga izindlela zokucwaninga zingahluka kancane.
Ukwakheka kanye nokudla kwamafutha cholesterol kuchazwe kule vidiyo kule ndatshana.
