Ngeshwa, abantu abaningi bazibonela mathupha lesi sifo esinjenge-atherosclerosis.
I-Atherossteosis yisifo esingamahlalakhona esibonakaliswa ukuqoqwa kwama-lipid ngokweqile ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi, ikakhulukazi kwimithambo yegazi. Lokhu kuholela ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali e-cholesterol ku-lumen yemikhumbi, okuholela ekuwohlokeni kwegazi okungenakuphikiswa ngenxa yokugeleza kwegazi ngenxa yokuncipha kwe-lumen yemisipha
Futhi, amadiphozithi e-cholesterol ayingozi ngoba i-thrombi ingakheka ngesisekelo sawo. Ukuhlelwa kwe-thrombotic kungahle kube yinkimbinkimbi nge-phenyoena efana ne-myocardial infarction, stroke, kanye ne-"intermittent claudication" syndrome.
Izimbangela ze-Atherosclerosis
Okwamanje azikho izizathu ezibekiwe ngqo ze-atherosclerosis.
Kunezici zobungozi ezithi ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-80 wamacala aholela kulesi sifo esivele sisho.
Kunamaqembu amathathu ezici ezibeka engcupheni - angaguquki, axazululwa ngokungenangqondo yi-atherosulinosis, ngokungenzeka noma ngokuguqukela okuyingxenye, nabanye.
Izici zobungozi ezingenakuphikwa zibandakanya okulandelayo:
- Ukuvuthwa nokuguga, okungukuthi, kuneminyaka engamashumi amane;
- isifiso sokuthola ifa - uma isihlobo sinezinkinga ngama-cholesterol deposits, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi lesi sifo singadlula;
- i-atherossteosis itholakala kalula kwabesilisa kunabesifazane, ngokwesilinganiso bagula cishe eminyakeni eyi-10 ngaphambili;
- ukubhema okuhlala njalo nokuhlala isikhathi eside, okuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kubhubhise ulwelwesi lwemithambo ngendlela ethile noma enye, kwandise ukubonakala kwalo ezintweni zemvelo ye-lipid, ikakhulukazi cholesterol;
- umfutho wegazi ophakeme - umfutho wegazi ophakeme njalo;
- ukukhuluphala, noma ngabe yikuphi, inani elikhulu lamafutha emzimbeni.
Izici zobungozi eziguqukayo yilezi:
- Amazinga aphezulu cholesterol, lipids kanye triglycerides egazini.
- Isifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala futhi ikakhulukazi lwesibili, lapho kutholakala khona isisindo ngokweqile, okuvela ukuthi ukumelana kuvela, okungukuthi, ukungatheleleki kwezicubu ze-insulin, kanye noshukela wegazi okhuphukile (hyperglycemia).
- Amazinga aphansi we-lipoproteins ephezulu ye-density, ehlotshaniswa ne "okuhle", hhayi i-cholesterol ye-atherogenic.
- I-metabolic syndrome, ebonakala ngohlobo lwesisu sokukhuluphala, okungukuthi, ukufakwa kwamafutha ikakhulu esiswini, ukubekezelelwa kwe-glucose, okuwukuthi, izinga layo elingahambelani, inani elikhulayo le-triglycerides yegazi kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, okungukuthi, likhuphuka njalo ngegazi.
Kukhona neqembu lesithathu lezinto zobungozi - zibizwa ngokuthi abanye. Lokhu kufaka phakathi indlela yokuphila yokuhlala phansi, elinye igama okungasebenzi ngokomzimba kanye nokucindezelwa okungapheli kokomoya;
Iqembu lesithathu lifaka nokusebenzisa kabi utshwala.
Umshini we-atherosclerosis
Imbangela enkulu yalesi sifo i-cholesterol ephezulu yegazi.
I-cholesterol yinto esetshenziselwa ukwenziwa ngamaseli omzimba wethu, futhi ibuye ibuye ivela ngaphandle ngokudla.
Elinye igama laso, noma kunalokho, elilungile - i-cholesterol. Igama elithi -ol ngolimi lwamakhemikhali lisho ukuthi i-cholesterol ingotshwala ngokwemvelo, futhi, okubaluleke, i-soluble yamafutha, noma i-lipophilic.
Ngefomu lamahhala, alitholakali emzimbeni. Cishe njalo, usesimweni esiboshwe ngama-apoprotein, noma amaprotheni othwala.
Amaprotheni abizwa nangokuthi amaprotheni.
Ngokuhambisana nalokho, inhlanganisela ye-cholesterol enamaprotheni ibizwa nge- lipoproteins.
Hlela:
- Ama-lipoproteins we-density high - esifushanisiwe njenge-HDL. Igama labo lesibili ngama-alpha lipoproteins. I-cholesterol eyingxenye yazo ibizwa ngokuthi "yinhle." Akusikeli ekufakweni kwamachweba odongeni lomkhumbi, kepha wenza imisebenzi ewusizo kuphela.
- Ama-lipoproteins we-density low - afushanisiwe njenge-LDL, noma i-beta-lipoprotein. I-cholesterol ehambisana nabo ibizwa ngokuthi "kubi." Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba lolu hlobo lwe-cholesterol olubandakanyeka ngqo ekwakhekeni kwama-atherosulinotic plaque futhi lwenza iziguli zibuze lo mbuzo: yini i-cholesterol embi nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nayo?
- Ama-lipoprotein aphansi kakhulu - LDL noma pre-beta lipoprotein. Imisebenzi yabo ifana ne-low density lipoprotein.
- Ama-Chylomicrons - anesibopho sokuhambisa ama-acid wamahhala, ukuhlinzeka ukugaya okuphelele emathunjini amancane.
Ngenxa yezinga eliphakeme le-cholesterol, futhi ikakhulukazi i-lipoprotein ephansi kakhulu egazini, kancane kancane iqala ukuqongelela emzimbeni. Indawo evame kakhulu ukubekwa kuyo izindonga zemithambo yegazi. Ekuqaleni, kukhona ukulimala okuncane odongeni lwe-vascular, okukhuphula ukutholakala kodonga lwe-vascular. Lokhu kuyisici esihle ngokufakwa kwe-cholesterol kulolu donga. Ngemuva kokuthi ingene odongeni lwe-vascular, amaseli abizwa ngokuthi ama-monocytes akhangwa ngokushesha ukugxila kwinqubo yokuvuvukala yesikhathi esizayo. Esakhiweni, aguqula abe amaseli amakhulu abizwa ngama-macrophage. Kula macrophage, ama-cholesterol esters ayaqhubeka ukufakwa kanye nezinhlobo okuthiwa yi-foamy cell. Ama-Macrophages abuye aqukethe izinto ezifihlayo ezikhuthaza ukwakheka kwezicubu ezithintekayo, ngenxa yokuthi izingcweti ze-atherosulinotic kamuva ziba mnene.
Amacala okuqala, noma aphuzi kuqala. Zitholakala ngaphesheya kwemikhumbi futhi azitholakali nganoma iyiphi indlela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuxhunyaniswa okuhlanganisiwe kwezicubu ezixhunyiwe, kwakheka ama-fibrous plaque akhiwe kulo lonke uhlangothi lwesibani se-vascular futhi aphazamisa ukuhamba kwegazi okujwayelekile, anciphisa ngamaphesenti angama-75 noma ngaphezulu.
Izimpawu zomtholampilo ze-atherosulinosis
Ukubonakaliswa kwe-atherosclerosis cishe njalo kuyafana kuzo zonke iziguli. Kepha zona, okokuqala, zincike ekwazisweni kwendawo inqubo yokugula. Kuyaziwa ukuthi i-atherossteosis imvamisa ithinta imithambo ye-coronary, noma i-coronary artery, ethwala igazi elinothile oksijini emisipha yenhliziyo. Lapho zithinteka, kuba nesifo senhliziyo (i-coronary heart heart (CHD)). Njengomphumela walokhu, i-myocardium ayitholi igazi elingelinye inani elanele, elivezwa ukuhlaselwa kwesimo sobuhlungu besifuba - i-angina pectoris.
Ngaphezu kobuhlungu, umuntu uvame ukuzwa ukwesaba okukhulunywa ngakho, ukwesaba ukwethuka nokufa kanye nomoya omfishane. Kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi i-angina pectoris ibizwa nangokuthi i-angina pectoris. Ukuncipha okuqhubekayo kokukhanya kwemithambo ye-coronary kungabikho ukwelashwa okufanele kungaholela ku-necrosis, okungukuthi, ukufa kwemisipha yenhliziyo - infarction ye-myocardial.
Imithambo yemikhawulo engezansi ingeyesibili imvamisa evela ku-atherosulinosis. Lokhu kuboniswa yi-syndrome yesici "sokukhulumisana okuthile." Ngalesi sifo, isiguli kwesinye isikhathi siphoqelelwa ukuba siyeke ukuhamba ngisho nangejubane eliphansi nangam amabanga amancane, ngoba sizwa ubuhlungu obukhulu emithanjeni nasezinyaweni, umuzwa odabukisayo nobunzima. Isikhumba semilenze sivele siphuzi, sibande lapho sithintwa, ukuthintwa akuhlali kuzwakala.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inkambo yesifo ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zemilenze iphazamisa ukukhula kwezinwele, izilonda ezinde zesikhathi eside ezingalapheki zingavela ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwegazi, isikhumba sibe somile, sibe buthaka kanye nesimo sezimbobo. Ukudonswa kwemithambo emilenzeni akunqunywa.
Ukulimala emithanjeni yobuchopho, noma emithanjeni yamakhemikhali, nakho kuvame kakhulu. Nge-cerebral atherossteosis, kunophawu olubhalwe kahle lweRibot: isiguli asisoze sakwazi ukuphendula umbuzo wokuthi kwenzekeni isigamu sehora edlule noma izolo, kepha uzokutshela ngenhliziyo yonke yonke imicimbi yeshumi eyedlule. Futhi, ukubukeka kwezinhlungu zekhanda, ukungasebenzi kwengqondo kwengqondo, ukungashintshi kwemizwelo ejwayelekile, i-neurosis, nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo akukhishwa.
I-atherosclerosis yemikhumbi ye-patity yesisu ayivamile, kodwa namanje. Kulesi simo, kunokuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla ngendlela yokuqunjelwa noma isifo sohudo, izinhlungu ezivame kakhulu zokusha esiswini, ukucekelwa kokuqunjelwa kwamajusi wokugaya nama-enzyme.
Nge-atherosulinosis yemithambo yezinso, okokuqala, iziguli ziphazamiseka umfutho ophakeme wegazi, ongaphenduli ekwelashweni ngemithi.
Kungahle kube khona nobuhlungu bemhlane obuncane.
Ukulwa ne-atherosclerosis inqubo ende kakhulu, eyinkimbinkimbi, ethatha isikhathi.
Ukwelashwa kudinga ukubekezela okubekezela kanye nokuhambisana nayo yonke imiyalo kadokotela obonayo.
Ungasusa i-cholesterol "embi" uma unamathela ezicini eziphambili zokwelashwa.
Lezi zidingo yilezi:
- ukudla
- ukuthatha imishanguzo;
- ukuvivinya umzimba njalo;
- uma ufisa - ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yendabuko, engalungiswa kalula ngokuzimela ekhaya;
- uma kunezinkinga noma inqubo yokuqalisa, kunconywa ukwelashwa okuhlinzwa.
Ukudla okwenzelwe ukudla kungukukhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha, okuthosiwe, ukudla okubhemayo, ukudla okuphezulu emafutheni ezilwane, ezitsheni zenyama, ukholifulawa, itiye nekhofi, nemikhiqizo yamashokoleti. Esikhundleni salokho, udinga ukudla izinhlanzi eziningi, ukudla kwasolwandle, izinkukhu ezinamafutha amancane, i-oyela yemifino, isinkwa se-bran, amakhambi, izithelo ezintsha nemifino, ama-legumes, amajikijolo, ukhula lwasolwandle, amantongomane, izithelo ezisawolintshi.
Ukuthatha umuthi kuyadingeka. Izidakamizwa ze-anti-atherosclerotic zibandakanya amaqembu anjengalawa:
- Izimo - yizona ezivame kakhulu. Lezi izidakamizwa ezifana ne-Atorvastatin, Lovastatin, Rosuvastatin. Basiza ukwehlisa i-cholesterol, ikakhulukazi i-lipoprotein ephansi futhi ephansi kakhulu, banciphisa umsebenzi wenqubo yokuvuvukala endaweni yokubekwa kwe-plaque, futhi basize ekuqiniseni i-capsule yezimpawu.
- Ama-Fibrate yizidakamizwa ezibizwa ngeFenofibrate, Bezafibrat. Basiza ukubhekana nama-triglycerides aphezulu.
- Ama-anion-exchange sequestrants - i-Cholestyramine yezidakamizwa.
- Ukulungiselela kweNicotinic acid - iNicotinamide.
Zonke izidakamizwa ezilwa ne-atherosclerotic kumele zithathwe ngethebhulethi elilodwa ebusuku, ngoba ebusuku kukhiqizwa inqwaba ye-cholesterol emizimbeni yethu.
Amakhambi e-Folk nawo asebenza kakhulu ekulweni ne-atherosulinosis. Kungasetshenziswa amakhambi ahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, i-decoction evela ku-rhizome ye-Caucasian discora, ukumiliselwa okuvela ku-Golden Mustache, isichasiselo sezimpande ze-licorice, ukumnika okuvela ezimbali ze-hawthorn kusiza kahle. Ukubuyekezwa okuningi okuhle mayelana nembewu yefilakisi. Ungazama ukuthatha ipropolis, impande ye-valerian, ikhakhasi.
Ukwelashwa ngokuhlinzwa kusetshenziselwa ukunciphisa i-lumen ye-vascular ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwama-60. Lo msebenzi ubizwa ngokuthi yi-stenting, futhi uqukethe ukwethula ibhaluni elikhethekile (i-stent) esikebheni, esinyakazayo, ngaleyo ndlela sikhulise umkhanyo we-artery futhi sicindezele i-atherosranceotic plaque, ukunciphisa amathuba okuqhuma. Uma kwenzeka izilonda eziningi ze-vascular, i-coronary artery bypass grafting iyanconywa - lokhu kudala ukuhamba kwegazi okungaphezulu. Kwakhiwa “umkhumbi owengeziwe”, owakhiwa esizeni esithathwe emthanjeni wesibeleko noma emithanjeni yensikazi.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubheka njalo i-cholesterol yegazi. Amanani ayo ajwayelekile asukela ku-2.8 kuya ku-5.2 mmol / L.
Izindlela zokunciphisa amazinga we-LDL kuxoxwa ngazo kule vidiyo kule ndatshana.
