Izibalo ezidumazayo zibonisa ukuthi ama-90% ezifo zamaseli akhula ngenxa yokwehluleka kwe-lipid metabolism. I-cholesterol, izinzuzo zayo ezincike ekugxilisweni kwayo, ngotshwala be-lipophilic, obuyingxenye yazo zonke izinto eziphilayo.
Izici eziwusizo zento zihambisana nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kohlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi nendawo kanye nokwenziwa kwesibalo seseli, ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone namavithamini, umphumela we-antioxidant, ukukhipha emzimbeni kanye nokuvinjwa komdlavuza.
Ukulimala kwe-cholesterol kuboniswa ngezinga elikhulu ekwakhekeni kwama-atherosulinotic plaque ezindongeni ze-vascular, ukwehla kokuqina nokuncipha kwe-lumen yemithambo yegazi. Imininingwane eminingi enemininingwane ingatholwa kulokhu okuqukethwe.
Imininingwane ejwayelekile mayelana nalokhu
I-cholesterol yingxube yemvelo evela ku-membrane yamaseli azo zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni, ngaphandle kwesikhunta, izitshalo kanye nama-prokaryotes. Emzimbeni womuntu, izitho ezifana nesibindi, izinso, amathumbu, izindlala ze-adrenal kanye nama-gonads zinesibopho sokwenza lo msebenzi. Ama-20% kuphela cholesterol aqhamuka ngaphandle ngokudla.
Izincazelo zokuqala zento zivela ku-1769. Usosayensi u-P. de la Sal ukhishwe emgodini wamatshe ayinto emnyama ngombala omhlophe, enendawo yamafutha. Kwathi ngo-1789 A. I-Fourcroix ikutholile ngesimo sayo esihle kunazo zonke. Igama "cholesterol" livele ngenxa yomsebenzi kaM. Chevrel. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-90, usosayensi waseFrance uM. Berthelot wakufakazela ukuthi lokho kungokwesigaba se-alcohols, wasiqamba kabusha ngokuthi "i-cholesterol". Manje usungathola womabili amagama.
Lo muthi awunakunyakaziswa ngamanzi, kepha ungahlakazeka kalula kumanoni noma i-organ solvent.
Izinhlobo ezimbili zento kufanele zihlukaniswe - i-high density lipoproteins (HDL) kanye ne-low density lipoproteins (LDL). Siyabonga ngokuba khona kwalezi zinhlobo ukuthi i-cholesterol ihlukaniswe "ngokulungile" nokuthi "kubi."
I-HDL idlulisela ama-lipid kwizakhi zamaseli, imithambo yegazi, izicubu zenhliziyo, imithambo yegazi, kufaka phakathi ubuchopho nesibindi, lapho kwenzeka khona ukwakheka kwe-bile. Ngemuva kwalokho i-cholesterol "enhle" iyabhidlika bese ikhishwa.
I-LDL idlulisela ama-lipid kusuka esibindini kuwo wonke amaseli emzimbeni. Amanani amaningi afaka isandla ekunciphiseni izindonga ze-vascular, okuholela ekugcineni ekwakhiweni kwama-atherosulinotic plaque. Inqubo ye-pathological ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ifaka ukunciphisa i-lumen of the imithambo nokugeleza kwegazi okungahambi kahle.
Kukhona nama-lipids angathathi hlangothi, noma ama-triglycerides, atholakala ku-glycerol namafutha acid. Lapho ihlanganiswa ne-cholesterol, ama-triglycerides akha amafutha egazi.
Zibhekwa njengemithombo yamandla wonke umzimba womuntu.
Izici eziwusizo kanye nokujwayelekile egazini
Inani le-cholesterol yomzimba womuntu alikwazi ukweqiwa.
Leli khompiyutha, eliyingxenye yamaseli, libhekene nezinqubo eziningi.
Izinzuzo ze-cholesterol ziboniswa ngokugcwaliseka kwakhe kwemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni.
Le misebenzi yile:
- Ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwangaphakathi lwezinzwa. Le nto ingumugqa wemicu yezinzwa ebavikela ekulimaleni okuhlukahlukene. Ijwayeza ukusebenza kwe-nerve impulses. Ngokuntuleka kwayo, ukungasebenzi kahle okuhlukahlukene ekusebenzeni kohlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi kuyenzeka.
- Ukubamba iqhaza ekwenziweni kwamavithamini kanye nama-hormone. Ngenxa ye-cholesterol, amavithamini e-fat-soluble, ama-hormone ocansi nama-steroid akhiqizwa Okokuqala, yi-vithamini D, i-cortisol, i-aldosterone, i-testosterone ne-estrogen. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kuka-Vitamin K, obhekele ukuqina kwegazi.
- Ukukhishwa komzimba nomphumela we-antioxidant. Ama-lipoprotein avikela amangqamuzana egazi abomvu emiphumeleni eyingozi yezinto ezinobuthi. Umsebenzi we-antioxidant we-cholesterol uhlotshaniswa nokungasebenzi komzimba okwandisiwe.
- Kuhileleke emthethweni wokuqalwa kweseli. Lo msebenzi ukuthutha izinto eziphila ngokusebenza kolwelwesi lweseli.
- Ukuvimbela isimila somdlavuza. Ukuba khona kwama-lipoprotein kuvimbela ukuguqulwa kwamakhaza angama-benign abe yisisulu.
Isimo se-cholesterol esegazini sisukela ku-3.8 siye ku-5.2 mmol / L. Ukuthola izinga layo, kwenziwa isampula yegazi.
Ngaphambi kwalokhu, awukwazi ukudla nokuphuza okungenani amahora angama-10-12, ngakho-ke isifundo senziwa ekuseni.
Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-lipid metabolism
Ngokukhuphuka kwe-cholesterol ephelele egazini nase-LDL ("kubi"), kanye nokwehla kwe-HDL ("okuhle"), i-lipid metabolism iyaphazamiseka. Inqubo enjalo ye-pathological ingenye yezinto ezibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni i-atherosulinosis.
Noma kunjalo, le nto ihlala inempikiswano, ngoba kwabanye abantu i-cholesterol ephezulu ayiholeli ekuthuthukisweni kwe-atherossteosis.
I-Atherossteosis yisifo lapho kuvalwa imithambo yegazi ngokwanda kwama-cholesterol angaphezu kwama-50%. Lokhu kuholela ekunciphiseni ama-lumens kanye nokulahleka kwe-elasticity of the artery. Ukulimazeka emithanjeni ye-aorta nemithambo yegazi I-atherossteosis ikhulisa amathuba okuba ne-thrombosis, isifo sohlangothi, isifo senhliziyo, isifo senhliziyo, njll.
Ukwehlisa i-cholesterol nakho kuyinto engalungile. Ukushoda kwaso kuba imbangela ejwayelekile yokuqina kwangaphakathi.
Okususelwa ku-cholesterol - oxysterols - kuletha ukulimala kakhulu emzimbeni. Yizingxube ze-bioactive ezitholakala ekudleni okuthile, ngokwesibonelo, imikhiqizo yobisi enamafutha, inhlanzi eqandisiwe nenyama, izikhupha zamaqanda, njll.
Amazinga weKholesterol
Imbangela evame kakhulu yokwanda kwe-cholesterol egazini ukungondleki.
Ukudla okujwayelekile, okubandakanya i-LDL, ungangezelela ingozi yokuthuthukisa le-pathology.
Kunohlu olukhulu lwemikhiqizo eyehlisela futhi ikhulise i-cholesterol, ezoxoxwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Phakathi kokunye okuthinta ukulingana kwama-lipoprotein, okulandelayo kuyahlukaniswa:
- Indlela yokuphila engasebenzi. Kanye nokungondleki, inkinga evamile yesintu sanamuhla. Ukungasebenzi kahle komzimba kuholela ekuphazanyisweni kwazo zonke izinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni, kufaka phakathi i-lipid. Kufakazelwe ngokwesayensi ukuthi abantu abasebenzisa imidlalo ethile noma imidanso banayo i-cholesterol "enhle" kakhulu kunokubi.
- Ukhuluphele. Kukholelwa ukuthi lapho kukhona amanye ama-15 kg noma ngaphezulu, kunethuba elihle lokukhuphuka kwamazinga e-LDL egazini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona kwemikhuba emibi (utshwala nokubhema) kuthinta izinga le-cholesterol.
Ukuhlukunyezwa kukagwayi notshwala kubangela ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic, ngakho-ke, ukukhuphuka kwe-cholesterol "embi" kuleli cala kuyinto evamile.
I-Cholesterol yehlisa nokukhulisa ukudla
Ukudla okuvimbela ukunqwabelana kwamafutha, kufaka phakathi i-cholesterol, kufaka phakathi imikhiqizo enempahla ye-antioxidant. Okokuqala, lezi izithelo, imifino kanye nemifino.
Ukuze wenze ngokwejwayelekile izinga le-cholesterol emzimbeni, udinga ukulandela izincomo ezilula:
- kuyasiza ukusebenzisa isinkwa esivela kufulawa we-wholemeal, izimpahla ezibhakiwe nge-bran, i-oatmeal ne-oatmeal;
- kungcono ukudla amahhabhula aluhlaza ongafakiwe, ama-cranberry, amawolintshi, ama-tangerine, ulamula nezinye izithelo ezisawolintshi;
- kungcono ukufaka i-legumes ekudleni - uphizi, u-soya, udali, ubhontshisi, aqukethe ama-pectin we-15-20%, esiza i-cholesterol ephezulu;
- kuyatuswa ukuthi uvuyise isaladi yemifino emisha ngamafutha zemifino - umnqumo, imifino noma u-linseed;
- kuyadingeka ukunikeza inhlanzi kwezinhlobo ezinamafutha, njengoba iqukethe ama-acid amaningi we-polyunsaturated acid Omega-3, kungcono ukuyibambisa noma ukuyibilisa, i-trout, isardine, i-mackerel, i-herring ilungele kakhulu;
- amaqanda enkukhu kufanele adliwe ngenani elilinganiselwe, kepha ngaphandle kokulahlwa lapho, afaka amavithamini A no-E, kanye namaprotheni, ukudla okwenziwa ngesonto kuyizingcezu ezi-3-4;
- okuthandwa kunikezwe ezinhlotsheni zokudla zenyama, ngokwesibonelo, inkukhu, inyama yenkomo, ikalikuni, kepha kuthiwani ngensadi, ngoba abantu abaningi baseSlavic njengalesi sidlo, lo mkhiqizo ungadliwa, kepha ngobuningi obunqunyelwe - izingcezu ezi-2-3 ezinsukwini eziyi-7;
- ukudla kwasolwandle kungafakwa ekudleni, ngenxa yalokhu, amaJapane amaningi ahlala isikhathi eside, isibonelo, squid, shrimp, njll;
- imikhiqizo yobisi enamaphesenti amaningi wamafutha akhulisa i-cholesterol, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuyenqaba futhi ukhethe imikhiqizo enamafutha angama-0-1,5%;
- ngokuvamile, uphuzo oludakayo (i-vodka noma ubhiya) luyingozi emzimbeni, kepha ingilazi yewayini elibomvu elomile ekudleni kwakusihlwa, kunalokho, livimbela ukukhula kwezifo zenhliziyo nezinkinga zokucindezela;
- kungcono ukuphuza inkomishi yetiye eliluhlaza nsuku zonke, ngoba Kuyinto antioxidant enhle kakhulu.
Ngezansi kunemikhiqizo eyinhloko ukuthi kungcono ukwenqaba, ukuze ungangezi okuqukethwe yi-cholesterol yegazi:
- Inyama enamafutha (inyama yengulube, i-veal, i-goose noma inyama yedada).
- Ukudla okuthosiwe okunamafutha amaningi.
- Imikhiqizo eseqediwe ngokudla nokudla okusheshayo.
- I-Confectionery
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhulisa okuqukethwe kwe-cholesterol emzimbeni webhotela, ukusabalala kanye nemargarine.
Ingabe ukuthatha ama-static kuyingozi noma kuyazuzisa?
Ekwelapheni i-atherossteosis, abanye odokotela banquma ama-statin - izidakamizwa ezokwehlisa i-cholesterol. Isenzo sabo ukunciphisa ijubane nokudluliswa kwama-lipoprotein emzimbeni womuntu.
Ama-statins athandwa kakhulu izidakamizwa ezifana ne-Probucol, Atorvastatin neFluvastatin. Lapho zinqunyelwe, udokotela ukhulisa umthamo ngamunye wesiguli ngasinye.
Ngokusho kokubuyekezwa okuningi nezifundo zezokwelapha, ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwamathebhulethi anjalo kusiza ukunciphisa izinga le-cholesterol "embi" ngo-50-60%.
Ngaphezu kwe-atherossteosis, izinkomba zokusetshenziswa kwama-statins zimi ngalendlela elandelayo:
- ukuhlinzwa kwe-vascular and myocardial;
- isifo senhliziyo;
- ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kwangaphambili ngesifo sikashukela, unhlangothi noma i-micostroke.
Ngokuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kwe-cholesterol "embi", le mishanguzo ithuthukisa ukuqina kwezindonga ze-vascular, yehlisa ukubonwa kwegazi futhi ivimbele ukuthuthukiswa kwama-atherosranceotic plaques.
Ngaphandle kwezinzuzo zemithi, zikhiqiza umphumela othile ongemuhle, okhonjiswa kokulandelayo:
- ukwehla kwesisindo semisipha ekugugeni;
- umphumela olimazayo emsebenzini wokuphinda usebenze kabusha;
- ingozi eyandayo yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kanye nokubangwa kwamehlo;
- ukwephulwa kwesibindi nezinso;
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukwandisa amathuba okuthuthuka kwezwe elibuhlungu.
Ungayigcina kanjani i-cholesterol ejwayelekile?
Uma imiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwelabhoratri ibonise umaki ofinyelela ku-6.5 mmol / l, khona-ke ukwehlisa i-cholesterol akunconyelwanga ngemithi, kepha ngokudla okukhethekile, ukuzivocavoca, ukulungiswa kwesisindo nokwenqatshwa kwemikhuba emibi.
Ukulungisa izinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni, kuyadingeka:
- Landela umsoco ofanele, oqeda ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha, ukhukhamba, ukudla okubhemayo kanye nokhukhamba ohlukahlukene. Ngenhla kwafakwa imikhiqizo efakwe kuhlu okufanele ifakwe ekudleni, futhi okungcono ukwenqaba ngokuphelele.
- Yilwa nokungasebenzi ngokomzimba. Ekuhambeni - impilo, ngakho-ke udinga ukungena njengomthetho ohamba emoyeni omusha okungenani imizuzu engama-40 ngosuku. Kungcono nokwenza ukugijimela, ezemidlalo, ukubhukuda, ama-Pilates, i-yoga, ukudansa.
- Phuza amanzi amaningi. Umzimba kumele uthole okungenani amalitha ayi-1.5 amanzi okuphuza ngosuku ukuze izinhlelo zezitho zangaphakathi zisebenze ngokujwayelekile.
- Gcina umkhondo wesisindo somzimba wakho. Ukulungisa isisindo sakho ngokwejwayelekile, udinga ukunamathela kunombolo yokudla yesihlanu bese udlala imidlalo. Ngokukhuluphala okukhulu, uhlelo lokulahlekelwa isisindo lakhiwa udokotela.
- Yekani ukubhema notshwala. Zombili lezi zici zandisa kakhulu amathuba we-vascular pathologies.
Ngakho-ke, i-cholesterol iletha izinzuzo futhi ilimaze, ngoba konke kuncike ekugxilweni kwayo egazini. Ukubona imithetho eyisisekelo yokuvimbela, ungagcina okuqukethwe kwayo kuvamile futhi kuvikele ukukhula kwezifo ezimbi.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo nge-cholesterol anikezwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
