I-Sucrose yinto esetshenziselwa i-organic, noma i-carbohydrate, noma i-disaccharide, equkethe izingxenye ezisele ze-glucose ne-fructose. Kwakhiwa inqubo ye-cleavage yamamolekyuli amanzi aqhamuka noshukela osezingeni eliphezulu.
Izici zamakhemikhali ze-sucrose zihlukahlukene kakhulu. Njengoba sonke sazi, anyibilika emanzini (ngenxa yalokhu singaphuza itiye nekhofi), kanye nezinhlobo ezimbili zama-alcohols - i-methanol ne-ethanol. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, into igcina ngokuphelele ukwakheka kwayo lapho ivezelwa i-diethyl ether. Uma i-sucrose ifudunyezwa ngaphezu kwe-160 degrees, khona-ke iphenduka ibe yi-caramel ejwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, ngokupholisa kungazelelwe noma ukukhanya okukhulu, ukukhanya kungaqala ukukhanya.
Ekuphenduleni ngesisombululo se-hydroxide yethusi, i-sucrose inikeza umbala ogqamile okwesibhakabhaka. Lokhu kusabela kusetshenziswa kabanzi emafektri ahlukahlukene ukwahlukanisa nokuhlanza into "emnandi".
Uma ikhambi elinamanzi eliqukethe i-sucrose ekwakhiweni kwalo lifudunyezwa futhi livezwe yi-enzymes ethile noma ama-asidi aqinile, lokhu kuzoholela ku-hydrolysis yento. Umphumela walokhu kusabela yingxube ye-fructose ne-glucose, ebizwa ngokuthi "inert ushukela". Le ngxube isetshenziselwa ukwengeza imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ukuthola uju lokufakelwa, ukuze kwenziwe ama-molasses nge-caramel nama-polyols.
Ukushintshwa kwe-sucrose emzimbeni
I-Sucrose engashintshiwe ayikwazi ukungenwa ngokuphelele emzimbeni wethu. Ukugaya kwayo kuqala ngisho nasekhaleni lomlomo ngosizo lwe-amylase, i-enzyme ebhekele ukuwohloka kwe-monosaccharides.
Okokuqala, i-hydrolysis yento iyenzeka. Ngemuva kwalokho ingena esiswini, bese kungena emathunjini amancane, lapho, empeleni, isigaba esikhulu sokugaya kuqala. I-encrme ye-sucrose ifaka ukugqabhuka kwe-disaccharide yethu ibe ushukela kanye ne-fructose. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-pancreatic hormone insulin, ebhekele ukugcina amazinga evamile kashukela egazini, isebenza nama-protein athile athwala.
Lawa maprotheni athutha ama-monosaccharides atholwe yi-hydrolysis kuma-enterocytes (amaseli akha udonga lwesisu esincane) ngenxa yokufakelwa lula. Enye indlela yokuhambisa ibuye ihlukaniswe - iyasebenza, ngenxa yokuthi i-glucose ingena futhi mucosa wamathumbu ngenxa yomehluko ne-sodium ion. Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi imodi yokuhamba incike enanini leshukela. Uma kuningi kwako, khona-ke inqubo yokufaka amandla okusabalalisa ifinyelela, uma kungenele, khona-ke ukuthutha okusebenzayo.
Ngemuva kokufakwa egazini, into yethu esemqoka "emnandi" ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili. Elinye lazo lingena emthanjeni we-portal bese lingena esibindini, lapho ligcinwa ngesimo se-glycogen, kuthi okwesibili kuthathwe izicubu zezinye izitho. Kumaseli abo ane-glucose, kuvela inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi yi- "anaerobic glycolysis", ngenxa yalokho kukhishwa ama-molecule e-lactic acid ne-adenosine triphosphoric acid (ATP). I-ATP ingumthombo oyinhloko wamandla kuzo zonke izinqubo ze-metabolic kanye ne-energy emzimbeni, futhi i-lactic acid ngenani layo ngokweqile inganqwabelana emisipha, ebangela izinhlungu.
Lokhu kuvame ukubonwa kakhulu ngemuva kokunyuka kokuzivocavoca umzimba ngenxa yokwanda kokusebenzisa ushukela.
Imisebenzi nezindlela zokusebenzisa i-sucrose
I-Sucrose iyinhlanganisela ngaphandle kokuba khona komzimba womuntu akunakwenzeka.
Isakhiwo siyabandakanyeka ekuphenduleni okubili okuhlinzeka ngamandla nokudla kwamakhemikhali.
I-Sucrose ihlinzeka ngenkambo evamile yezinqubo eziningi.
Isibonelo:
- Usekela amaseli wegazi ajwayelekile;
- Inikeza umsebenzi obalulekile nomsebenzi wamaseli wezinzwa nemisipha yemisipha;
- Ibandakanya ukugcinwa kwe-glycogen - uhlobo lwedepho yeglue;
- Kushukumisa umsebenzi wobuchopho;
- Kuthuthukisa inkumbulo;
- Nikeza isikhumba nezinwele ezejwayelekile.
Ngazo zonke lezi zakhiwo ezinenzuzo engenhla, udinga ukusebenzisa ushukela ngokufanele nangamanani amancane. Ngokwemvelo, iziphuzo ezinoshukela, isoda, amakhekhe ahlukahlukene, izithelo namajikijolo nakho kuyabhekwa, ngoba nawo aqukethe ushukela. Kunamazinga athile okusetshenziswa ushukela ngosuku.
Ezinganeni ezineminyaka eyi-1 kuya kwemithathu ubudala, akunakudonswa amagremu angaphezu kuka-15 kashukela, ezinganeni ezindala ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-6 - hhayi ngaphezulu kwama-25 amagremu, nakomzimba ophelele, umthamo wansuku zonke akumele udlule ku-40 amagremu. 1 ithisipuni likashukela liqukethe ama-5 amagremu we-sucrose, futhi lokhu kulingana nama-20 kilocalories.
Ngokuntuleka kwe-glucose emzimbeni (hypoglycemia), kuvela okulandelayo:
- ukucindezelwa kaningi futhi okuhlala isikhathi eside;
- izimo zokungakhathaleli;
- ukukhuphuka kokukhathazeka;
- izimo zokufelwa nesiyezi;
- ikhanda elinjenge-migraine;
- umuntu ukhathala ngokushesha;
- umsebenzi wengqondo uvinjelwa;
- ukulahleka kwezinwele kuyabonakala;
- ukudangala kwamaseli ezinzwa.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isidingo se-glucose ngaso sonke isikhathi asifani. Ikhula ngomsebenzi wokuqonda okukhulu, ngoba idinga amandla amaningi ukuze kuqinisekwe ukusebenza kwamaseli ezinzwa, kanye nokuxakwa kwama-genesis ahlukahlukene, ngoba i-sucrose iyisithiyo esivikela amaseli wesibindi ngama-asidi e-sulfuric ne-glucuronic acid.
Umphumela ongemuhle we-sucrose
I-Sucrose, ehlehlela ekubeni ushukela kanye ne-fructose, nayo yakha ama-radicals mahhala, isenzo sawo esivimbela ukwenziwa kwemisebenzi yawo ngamasosha omzimba avikela umzimba.
Ukweqiwa kwama-radicals mahhala kunciphisa izakhiwo zokuvikela amasosha omzimba.
Ama-ion wamangqamuzana avimbela amasosha omzimba, okwandisa ukwanda kokutheleleka okuthile.
Nalu uhlu lwesampula lwemiphumela emibi ye-sucrose nezimpawu zabo:
- Ukwephula umzimba we-mineral metabolism.
- Umsebenzi we-enzyme uyancipha.
- Emzimbeni, inani lezakhi zomkhondo ezidingekayo namavithamini liyancishiswa, ngenxa yokuthi i-myocardial infarction, i-sclerosis, isifo semithambo, i-thrombosis ingakhula.
- Ukwanda kokungatheleleki kwezifo.
- Kukhona i-acidization yomzimba futhi, ngenxa yalokho, i-acidosis iyakhula.
- I-calcium ne-magnesium azingene ngobuningi obanele.
- I-acidity yejusi ye-gastric iyanda, okungaholela ku-gastritis kanye ne-peptic ulcer.
- Ngezifo ezikhona zamapheshana esiswini namaphaphu, ukuqina kwawo kungenzeka.
- Ingozi yokuthola ukukhuluphala, ukungena kwe-helminthic, ama-hemorrhoids, i-emphysema kuyanda (i-emphysema ukuncipha kwekhono le-elastic lamaphaphu).
- Ezinganeni, inani le-adrenaline liyakhuphuka.
- Ingozi enkulu yokuba nesifo senhliziyo nesifo samathambo.
- Amacala ama-caries kanye nesifo se-periodontal ajwayelekile kakhulu.
- Izingane ziba ezibulalayo futhi zilale.
- Umfutho wegazi weSystolic uyakhuphuka.
- Ngenxa yokubekwa kukasawoti we-uric acid, ukuhlaselwa kwe-gout kungaphazamisa.
- Ikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kokungezwani kokudla.
- Ukwehla kwe-endocrine pancreas (islets of Langerhans), ngenxa yalokho ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kuphazamisekile kanye nezimo ezinjengokubekezelela i-glucose nokungabekezeleleki kwesifo sikashukela kungaqubuka.
- I-Toxicosis yabesifazane abakhulelwe.
- Ngenxa yezinguquko ekwakhekeni kwe-collagen, izinwele zokuqala zempunga zidabula.
- Isikhumba, izinwele nezinzipho ziphelelwa ukukhanya, amandla nokuqina.
Ukunciphisa umphumela omubi we-sucrose emzimbeni wakho, ungashintshela ekusebenziseni ama-sweeteners, afana neSorbitol, Stevia, Saccharin, Cyclamate, Aspartame, Mannitol.
Kungcono ukusebenzisa ama-sweeteners wemvelo, kepha ngokulinganisa, ngoba ukweqisa kwawo kungaholela ekwakhiweni kwesifo sohudo ngokweqile.
Ushukela uqukethe kuphi futhi utholakala kanjani?
ISufrose itholakala ekudleni okufana noju, amagilebhisi, iziqu zomhluzi, izinsuku, amajikijolo amajikijolo, i-marmalade, amagilebhisi, amapomegranate, amakhukhi we-gingerbread, i-apple pastille, amakhiwane, i-medlar, imango, ummbila.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza i-sucrose yenziwa ngokohlelo oluthile. Kutholakala kumaswidi kashukela. Okokuqala, ama-beet ayahlanzwa futhi aqotshwe kahle kumishini ekhethekile. Ubuningi obumpompo bubekwa ngama-diffuser, lapho amanzi abilayo adluliswa khona kamuva. Besebenzisa le nqubo, inqwaba ye-sucrose ishiya ama-beet. Kwisisombululo esiphumela, kufakwa ubisi lwe-lime (noma i-calcium hydroxide). Inomthelela ekunikezelweni kokungcola okuhlukahlukene kwe-precipitate, noma kunalokho, ushukela we-calcium.
Ngokuboniswa okuphelele nangokucacile kwesikhutha. Ngemuva kwakho konke, isixazululo esisele siyahlungwa futhi siyahanjiswa. Ngenxa yalokho, kukhishwa ushukela ophuzi ophuzi, ngoba uqukethe udayi. Ukuze ubasuse, udinga ukuncibilikisa ushukela emanzini bese uwudlulisa ku-carbon ocushiwe. Umphumela uguqulwe kabusha futhi uthole ushukela omhlophe wangempela, obhekene nokuqhubeka nokubanga.
Isetjenziswa kuphi i-sucrose?
Ukusetshenziswa kweSecrose:
- Imboni yokudla - i-sucrose isetshenziswa njengomkhiqizo ohlukile wokudla cishe kwawo wonke umuntu, kufakwa ezitsheni eziningi, ezisetshenziswa njengesibambiso, ukususa uju lokufakelwa;
- Umsebenzi we-biochemical - ngokuyinhloko njengomthombo we-adenosine triphosphoric, i-pyruvic ne-lactic acid lapho kwenziwa i-anaerobic glycolysis, ukuthola ukuvutshelwa (embonini kabhiya);
- Ukukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali - njengenye yezakhi ezingezwe emafosheni amaningi lapho akwanele, kusiraphu yezingane, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemithi, amaphilisi, ama-dragees, amavithamini.
- I-cosmetology - yokuxoshwa ushukela (ukuciba ushukela);
- Ukukhiqiza amakhemikhali wasekhaya;
- Ukuzivocavoca kwezokwelapha - njengenye yezixazululo eziguqula i-plasma, izinto ezidambisa ukudakwa futhi zinikeze ukondleka kwabazali (ngesifo sokuphenya) esimweni esibucayi kakhulu seziguli. I-Sucrose isetshenziswa kabanzi uma isiguli sakha i-hypoglycemic coma;
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-sucrose isetshenziswa kabanzi lapho kulungiswa izitsha ezahlukahlukene.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo nge-sucrose anikezwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
