Kuzwakala kumangalisa kakhulu, kepha ngokuya ngocwaningo, abaningi abakaze bezwe nangengxenye yomzimba efana namanyikwe. Enye ingxenye yesibalo somhlaba wethu, uma ngike ngezwa, yigama lesitho kuphela, kepha abantu ngeke bakwazi ukuphendula ngokuthi hlobo luni lwesitho nokuthi lubhekene nomsebenzi onjani.
Yini la makhansele? Itholakala emgodini wesisu futhi, njengoba ungacabanga, itholakala ngaphansi kwesisu. Ama-pancreas angumsizi oyinhloko esiswini ngesikhathi sokugaya, ngoba akhiqiza ama-enzyme adiliza amaprotheni, amafutha kanye nama-carbohydrate.
Lesi sitho siqala ukwakheka kakhulu, sesivele emavikini ama-5 okukhula kwesibeletho esibelethweni.
Ngemuva kokuzalwa, ubukhulu bayo ngamasentimitha ayi-5 ubude. Iqamba ukwakhiwa ineminyaka engu-16, kuthi kumuntu omdala inamapharamitha alandelayo:
- Ubude - 15 - 20 amasentimitha.
- Ububanzi - akukho ngaphezu kwamasentimitha amane.
- Isisindo - 60 - 80 amagremu.
Uma kukhona noma yikuphi ukuphambuka kusuka kusayizi okhonjisiwe, khona-ke lokhu kuyindlela yokusebenza.
Ingxenye ebanzi kakhulu yamanyikwe yikhanda, ubukhulu bayo yile:
- Ubude: amasentimitha angaphezu kwama-5.
- Ububanzi: kufika ku-3 amasentimitha.
Uma kukhona noma yikuphi ukuphambuka kusuka kusayizi okhonjisiwe, khona-ke lokhu kuyindlela yokusebenza.
Umzimba uyingxenye ende kunazo zonke ye-gland, ububanzi bayo bungamasentimitha ayi-2,5, bese umsila uvala ama-pancreas ubude obungafika kumasentimitha ayi-3.5.
Ngemuva kokuhlola iminyango yamanyikwe, kuye kube sobala ukuthi inesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekwenziweni kwama-enzyme. Amanyikwe yinto ebalulekile yokusebenza komzimba. Njengoba sekushiwo, izingxenye zayo zangaphandle yilezi: ikhanda, umzimba nomsila.
Esakhiweni sangaphakathi sendlala, kukhona:
- i-duct ye-bile ephambili;
- i-sphincter yase-Oddi;
- i-duct eyengeziwe ye-Santorini;
- i-bile duct ejwayelekile.
Izici ezilandelayo zihlukaniswa ngesakhiwo se-anatomical:
- iziqhingi zaseLangerhans;
- i-pancreatic acinus.
Ezingeni lamaselula, amaqembu alandelayo amaseli we-pancreatic ahlukaniswa:
- Amaseli e-Alpha akhiqiza i-insulin.
- Amaseli weBeta akhiqiza i-glucagon.
- Ama-Delta cell ahlanganisa i-somatostatin.
- D1-Amakhompiyutha athula i-VIP.
- Amaseli e-PP ahlanganisa i-pancreatic polypeptide.
Njengoba lesi sitho sitholakala ngokujule ngokwanele ngaphakathi komzimba, ukuxilongwa kwaso kuy inqubo ethatha isikhathi kakhulu, futhi kwenzeka ngosizo lwe-ultrasound. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ubone isimo somzimba jikelele, uma kukhona ukuphambuka, kunikezwe izivivinyo ezijwayelekile.
Yini ebangela ubuhlungu be-pancreatic?
Kunezifo eziningi ezihlasela umzimba womuntu, phakathi kwazo okuyizifo ezingama-pancreatic. Uma kunobuhlungu obuqhubekayo ohlangothini lwesokunene - lokhu kuwuphawu lokuthi indlala isebenza ngokwephulwa.
Izimo ezingezinhle ezemvelo, ikhwalithi yokudla engeyinhle, ukuba khona kwamadayi ahlukahlukene e-confectionery neziphuzo kuthinta kabi isimo somzimba, kepha isibindi namanyikwe kushaya kuqala.
Konke lokhu okungenhla kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi, kuze kufike ku-pancreatitis. Izitho zomuntu zinomugqa othile wokwehluka kanye nokuzelapha, uma ungasenzi sibi isimo, konke kungenza ngaphandle kwemiphumela noma inqubo yokuvuvukala emuncu kwezicubu.
Zonke izinto ezinomthelela wokuvela kwezifo ezisebenzayo zamanyikwe zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amakhulu amabili:
- ezifuywayo;
- ngaphandle.
Izimbangela eziphambili zezifo ze-pancreatic yilezi:
- Inani elikhulayo lamafutha egazini.
- Ukukhiqizwa okwenziwe ngokweqile kwe-pancreatic juice.
- Ukubhema ugwayi nokusebenzisa kabi utshwala.
- Ukutheleleka komsuka wegciwane kanye namagciwane ahlasela ama-pancreas, okuvusa ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza kwawo.
- Ukuvuvukala gallbladder, lapho ukwakheka kwamatshe kuyo, kwenzeka, okungavimba umgqo ophambili wamanyikwe, kubangele ukwephulwa komsebenzi wayo.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezithile ezivusa ukugaya, futhi okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle komzimba.
Kungakhathalekile ukuthi kuthini ngalesi sifo, ukuvuvukala ngokuyinhloko kuboniswa kobuhlungu e-hypochondrium.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ze-pancreatic kuholela ekuphazamisweni kokugaya ukudla.
Izinhlobo eziphambili zesifo
Ezigulini eziningi ezihlasela amanyikwe, ezihamba phambili zingahlukaniswa.
Uma inqubo yokuhlanganiswa kwejusi le-pancreatic isizinzile, kepha ukuphuma kwayo kuyi-duodenum kukhubazekile, ukuzigaya kwamanyikwe kuqala - lokhu kuyi-pancreatitis eyingozi.
I-pagesyma ye-gland iyavutha futhi ibeke ingcindezi ku-capsule. Lesi sifo siqhubeka ngokushesha okukhulu, okuhambisana nobuhlungu obukhulu. Imvamisa, imbangela yalesi sifo ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kotshwala noma okunamafutha, ubukhona bamatshe emabeleni enyongo.
Ngaphezu kwe-pancreatitis eyingozi, kungahle kube nokuhlala isikhathi eside, okuhlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningi:
- ngokuphuza ngokweqile utshwala, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa isikhathi eside okuthinta ukusebenza kwe-gland, ukudla okungafanele, ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic, i-pancreatitis eyinhloko kungenzeka;
- i-pancreatitis yesibili ingaba yinkinga ebangelwa ezinye izifo;
- i-post-traumatic pancreatitis yisifo esiphumela ngenxa yokulimala noma izinqubo ze-endoscopic.
Noma ngabe uluhlobo luni lwe-pancreatopathy, ukubonakaliswa kwalo okuyinhloko kukodwa - ukunganele kwe-exocrine gland secretion yama-enzyme agaya ukudla. Ukuxilongwa esibhedlela ngeskena se-ultrasound.
Imiphumela yomzimba yalesi sifo ibi kakhulu - ukwephulwa kokusebenza komzimba wonke, ikakhulukazi amasistimu we-endocrine nokugaya ukudla.
Uhlobo olulandelayo lwesifo lungaba olokuzala noma olutholwe - i-pancreatic cyst. Njengomphumela wokulimala, i-pancreatitis eqatha kanye ne-pancreatitis engapheli, i-cyst ebizwa ngokuthi "etholakele" ingavela. Ama-neoplasms akhiwa ngenxa yokutheleleka kwe-echinococcal - ama-cysts we-parasitic ame eceleni. Amagciwane angatheleleka ngokuxhumana eduze nezilwane ezigulayo noma ngokuphuza amanzi angcolile. Ama-tumors kuma-pancreas anezici ezimbili - akhuthele ngokomzimba futhi angasebenzi.
Ama-tumor osebenzayo eHormonally afaka:
- i-glucomanoma;
- i-insulinoma;
- gastrinoma.
I-Hystinoma isimila esidala ukukhula kwesilonda se-duodenal kanye nesilonda se-jejunum ngokuvuselela ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrochloric acid.
I-insulinoma isiswini se-pancreatic β-cell esidonsela ukucashuka okuthuthukisiwe kwe-insulin.
IGlucoganoma ingukuqubuka kwama-α-cell, abonakaliswe ngendlela yesikhumba, i-anemia nesifo sikashukela.
Batholakala ngokushesha, ngaphandle kobunzima, ngenxa yokuvezwa kwabo okuvela eceleni, okubandakanya ukwenzeka kanye nokwanda kwezifo ezihambisanayo.
Uhlobo lwesibili lwe-tumor linegama elilodwa kuphela - lo umdlavuza we-pancreatic. Uma i-tumor ivele engxenyeni yekhanda, khona-ke lokhu kuvame ukuhambisana ne-jaundice yesimo sokwenza okuthile. Kwezinye izimo, izinhlungu ze-epigastric, ukunciphisa isisindo, ukugaya ukudla kungenzeka.
Zonke izinhlobo zezimila, kungakhathalekile ukuthi zinjani, ziphathwa ngokukhishwa emzimbeni ngokungenelela kokuhlinzwa.
Ukwelashwa kwezifo ze-pancreatic
Uma kwenzeka ukuhlaselwa kungazelelwe kwe-pancreatitis eyingozi, kufanele unqabe ukudla izinsuku eziningana: ukuntuleka kokudla kuzonciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwejusi, kudambise umthwalo kusuka ku-gland.
Kuhle ukuqaphela ukuthi isifiso sokudla ngaphambi kokuba lesi sifo sibange kakhulu siyancipha noma siyanyamalala ngokuphelele. Ngezinsuku ezinjalo, kunconywa ukuphuza amanzi nge-soda encibilikisiwe kuwo kanye ne-decoction yama rose rose.
Uma kunobuhlungu esiswini, ukugabha okukhulu, noma izinhlungu ezingapheli ezingapheli isikhathi eside, khona-ke kufanele uthintane nodokotela - lezi yizimpawu zokutheleleka kwezifo ezinjenge-appendicitis, ulcer noma ukuphazamiseka kwe-duodenum.
Kwi-pancreatitis eyingozi, ukulaliswa esibhedlela nokwelashwa ngaphansi kokuqashwa kochwepheshe kuyaphoqelelwa. Izindlela zokwelapha ezilandelayo zisetshenzisiwe:
- I-dropper yokugwema ukuntuleka koketshezi emzimbeni.
- Ukunciphisa izinhlungu.
- Kusho ukuthi yenza kube ngokwejwayelekile ukukhiqizwa kwama-enzyme.
Esigabeni sokuqala sokwelashwa, izidakamizwa ziphiwa ngaphakathi, bese kubekwa amaphilisi.
Izidakamizwa ezaziwa kakhulu nezisebenzayo yilezi:
- I-Baralgin;
- No-Shpa;
- Papaverine;
- IDrotaverine;
- Acetaminophen;
- I-Ibuprofen.
Akuvamile ukuthi, i-Aspirin neParacetamol zisetshenziswe ekwelashweni. Kungenzeka kube nezinketho lapho kunqunywe iDiphenhydramine, Atropine, noma iPlifillin.
Uma isiguli sizwa izinhlungu ezinzima futhi ukumiswa namagiya kusetshenziselwa ukuvikela izilonda zesisu, ezinciphisa noma zenze kube nzima ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrochloric acid. Phakathi kwezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kukhona iKontraluk, Ocid, Omeprazole. Lapho welapha esibhedlela, kunikezwa ezinye izidakamizwa:
- I-Ranitidine;
- I-Famotidine;
- Acididex;
- I-Pepsidin, njll.
Ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-enzyme ye-pancreatic, i-Aprotinin ne-Contrical ingasetshenziswa. Lapho inkinga isidlulile, isiguli sidinga ukwelashwa kwe-enzyme, okwenziwa ngosizo lwezidakamizwa ezinjengePancreatin, Mezim, Creon.
Njengoba zisuselwa kumaprotheni engulube, kunezindlela ezithile zokuphulwa kwabantu ezivame ukwaliwa yi-allergies. Ezinganeni, ngokwesibonelo, ukungahambisani nale mithi kungadala ukuthinteka kwamathumbu.
Ukuvimbela ukuvela kwemiphumela emibi nezinkinga, izithombisi zalezi zidakamizwa zingasetshenziswa - i-Unienzyme, Somilase, Pepphys.
Incomo yokwelapha
Izidakamizwa ze-Enzymatic zithathwa ngemuva kokudla, umthamo ungabekwa udokotela kuphela, ngawodokotela ngamunye. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukuba yinde, kwesinye isikhathi impilo yonke.
Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, ezingabangelwa ukuqubuka kwemithambo ye-pancreatic, ukubonakala kwe-neoplasm ngesimo se-cyst, noma i-cholelithiasis, ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kungadingeka. Lokhu kuyinto engathandeki kakhulu, ngoba i-pancreas iyisitho esibucayi, esithambile, kepha kunezikhathi lapho ungasindisa impilo yesiguli kuphela ngokususa i-gallder noma ingxenye ye-gland uqobo, ngokwesibonelo, lapho kukhula i-pancreatic necrosis.
Ngokuvuselelwa ngemuva kokugula nangesikhathi ukwelashwa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunamathela ekunakekelweni kahle komzimba. Imvamisa, inkambo yokwelashwa enhle kakhulu inakwa ngokunganaki ukudla. Kumane kudingekile ukushaya ibhalansi phakathi kwekhwalithi nenani lokudla okuthathiwe nokuqapha amakhalori asetshenziswa futhi achithwa ngosuku. Amakhalori asetshenzisiwe akufanele wedlule lawo aqediwe. Isinqumo esifanele ukushintshela ekudleni okuhlukanisiwe, kuyenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukudla ngokweqile.
Ukudla okufana nesoseji, ukhukhamba, inyama enjelised, i-aspic kufanele kulibaleke kuze kube phakade. I-ayisikhilimu, amakhekhe, ithisiphu eqinile nekhofi, noma ibuphi utshwala nezinongo akuvunyelwe.
Imikhiqizo evunyelwe ifaka izitsha zomphunga - i-cod, i-pike, i-bream ne-pike perch, ama-omeleette, inkukhu, unogwaja, i-turkey. Ngokuvamile, ukudla kufanele kunqunywe udokotela oholayo.
Isakhiwo nemisebenzi yamanyikwe kuchazwe kule vidiyo kule ndatshana.
