Ukuba ngesinye sezitho ezibaluleke kakhulu zohlelo lokugaya ukudla, ama-pancreas ahlanganisa ama-enzymes ambalwa abamba iqhaza ekutholakaleni kwezinto.
Lapho isitho sonakaliswa izifo ezahlukahlukene, umsebenzi we-neuroendocrine awenziwanga ngokuphelele, okuholela ekuphazamisweni emsebenzini nasekubonakaleni kwezinkinga ezahlukahlukene. Enye yezifo eziyingozi futhi ezimbi kakhulu okwamanje umdlavuza.
Izinketho ezilandelayo zezilonda ze-pancreatic ku-oncology:
- Ngokuqondile isimila esenzeka esitho. Kuhlukaniswa ngokuya ngenqubo yenqubo ezigabeni ezi-4. Elesine, ama-metastases kwezinye izitho zangaphakathi avela;
- I-metastatic lesion of pancreas lapho i-lesion eyinhloko itholakala kwesinye isitho. Ngokuvamile, i-lesion enjalo yenzeka lapho isimila esikhulu singumdlavuza wesisu noma wezinso (i-adenocarcinoma yezinso).
Ama-metastases avela lapho umzimba ukhathala ngokulwa nesimila somdlavuza, usebenzisa yonke izinsiza kusebenza kuwo. Ikhula, ifinyelela usayizi obalulekile bese iya ekukhiqizweni kwamaseli, abizwa ngokuthi ama-metastases. Zisatshalaliswa kuwo wonke umzimba womuntu, zinamathiselwe ezithweni zangaphakathi nezicubu, lapho zikhula khona kakhulu, zakha i-sekondari entsha. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokusakazwa kweseli yomdlavuza:
- IHemato Natural, lapho amaseli athwalwa khona ngomzimba ngohlelo lokujikeleza;
- I-Lymphogenic - amaseli womdlavuza angena kwi-node ye-lymph ngokugeleza kwe-lymph;
- Ukufakwa. Lolu hlobo kungenzeka lapho isitho esiphilile sihlangana nesilimele bese amaseli ekhula kuwo.
Ukwakheka kwama-metastases kuyindaba yesikhathi, ngoba avela emacaleni amaningi. Kepha uma lesi sifo sitholakala sisekuqaleni, siyelapheka. Uma lesi sifo sitholwa ngemuva kokuvela kwe-foci yesibili, ukwelashwa kuyasekelwa kuphela.
Imvamisa, isiguli asikwazi ukunquma masinyane ukuthi inqubo yokuqalwa kwe-sekondari esele isivele iqalile, selokhu kwavela metastases eyodwa. Isikhathi eside, kungenzeka bangazivezi nganoma iyiphi indlela. Kunezimpawu ezimbalwa ezivela ngokuhamba kwesifo okuhamba isikhathi:
- Ukubonakala kobuhlungu obukhulu esifundeni se-epigastric (imvamisa le yi-hypochondrium yangakwesobunxele emuva emuva emuva). Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinhlungu ezinjalo ziba kakhulu, futhi isiguli asikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwama-painkiller;
- Ukwehla kakhulu kwesisindo kanye nesisindo somzimba sesiguli;
- Ukuntuleka okungapheli kwamakhemikhali wensimbi emzimbeni, okubangela i-anemia;
- Ukukhathala, ubuthakathaka obungapheli;
- Isithofu esingaphazamisekile (isifo sohudo);
- Esigabeni 4, ukudakwa komdlavuza womzimba womzimba wonke umuntu kubonakala ngokusobala.
Njengoba ososayensi bethole, ama-metastases kanyakumba awaveli kaningi. Isitho sithinteka kakhulu ngenxa yomdlavuza wesisu kanye ne-renal adenocarcinoma.
Uma isimila sithinta ama-pancreas uqobo, imastasta ejwayelekile kakhulu ivela ezithweni ezifana:
- Isibindi. Ithinta amaphesenti angaphansi kwama-50 wamacala. Imvamisa enjalo ihlotshaniswa nemisebenzi yokuhlunga eyenziwa yicubu lesibindi nokumpompa inani elikhulu legazi, ngokugeleza kwalo okutholakale kakhulu kuso lesi sitho. Isigaxa se-pancreatic esine-metastases yesibindi siyinto evamile futhi ejwayelekile;
- Isikhala se-Peritoneum kanye ne-retroperitoneal;
- Amalunga
- Izimbobo ze-lymph Kuzo, ama-metastases ngokuvamile avela kuqala. Babala cishe amaphesenti angama-75 we-metastases kumdlavuza we-pancreatic;
- Izindawo ezikude kakhulu emgogodleni nakwezinye izitho zomzimba.
Imvamisa, ama-metastases azibonakalisa ngaphambili kunesimila esikhulu, ngenxa yalokho, lapho enza izinqubo zokuxilonga, odokotela bayithatha njenge-neoplasm enkulu.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-metastases ku-oncology kunzima impela.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amaseli omdlavuza kungenzeka angazivezi isikhathi eside, okwenza ukutholwa kwawo kube nzima.
Ukuze unqume lesi sifo, umuthi wanamuhla usebenzisa izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi. Okusemqoka yile:
- Zonke izinhlobo zokuhlolwa kwegazi ngokuba khona kwama-tumor markers;
- I-Ultrasound tomography, evame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthola ama-metastases kuma-pancreas;
- I-tomography ehlanganisiwe yenza ukuthi sikwazi ukuhlola i-gland kusuka kuma-engeli ahlukene kanye nokubona ubukhulu nobume be-neoplasm;
- Imagnetic resonance imaging of pancreas yenziwa kusetshenziswa umehluko, okuyinto isiguli esiyithatha ngomlomo;
- I-biopsy lapho kuthathwa khona amaseli ku-neoplasm uqobo kanye nokutadisha kwawo okuqhubekayo.
Esimweni se-pathological esifana ne-pancreatic metastasis, isethi yezindlela zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukudambisa isimo sesiguli.
Kulokhu, konke ukuhlaziya okutholakele ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, idatha yeziguli ngazinye, isimo sakhe esijwayelekile, ukutholakala kwesimila esiyisisekelo nezindlela zokwelashwa kwaso kufundwa ngokucophelela.
Izindlela ezivame kakhulu zokwelapha i-metastases ku-gland yilezi:
- Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa;
- I-Radiotherapy (kwesinye isikhathi ihlangana nezinqubo zokuhlinzwa);
- I-Chemotherapy
Njengamanje, enye yezindlela zesimanje zokwelapha i-metastasis, ezinokubuyekezwa okuningi, i-radiosurgery, eyenziwa ngenxa yommese okhethekile we-elekthronikhi osungulwe ososayensi. Inqubo enjalo yezokwelapha ayinalo ngokuphelele igazi futhi ayinabuhlungu ezigulini futhi yenziwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-anesthesia.
I-Chemotherapy ekwelapheni i-pancreatic metastases yenzelwa ukuvimba ukuthuthukiswa kwesimila ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Isikhathi sokulashwa kufanele sithathe isikhathi esingakanani sinqunywa yi-oncologist. Imvamisa, le nqubo ithatha izinyanga ezimbalwa, lapho ukukhula kwamaseli womdlavuza nokuqhubeka kwawo kusatshalaliswa yimithi ekhethekile.
I-Chemotherapy ngokwezinga elithile inciphisa isimo seziguli futhi ivumela ukwelula impilo yazo, noma kunjalo, inemiphumela emibi eminingana kanye nokuphikiswa.
Umdlavuza wepancreatic yisifo esingajwayelekile. Uhlobo 1 sikashukela i-mellitus, i-pancreatitis engapheli ibhekwa njengezimo ezibucayi zesifo se-gland, okumele siphathwe futhi sigcinwe ngaphansi kokulawulwa njalo.
Njengamanje, odokotela, bebona ukuba khona kwe-metastases yomdlavuza kwezicubu zomzimba, banikeza i-prognosis engathandeki. Ezigulini ezinama-tumor ezisebenzisekayo, kubalwa ukusinda okungu-12%. Uma ukususwa kwe-lesion yesibili kungazange kwenziwe, khona-ke isilinganiso sokusinda seminyaka engu-5 sincane kakhulu.
Endabeni yokuxilonga isigaba sokugcina kanye nokwanda kokutholakala kwama-metastases, isikhathi sokuphila cishe esingangonyaka.
Imininingwane ngomdlavuza we-pancreatic inikezwe kuvidiyo ekulesi sihloko.
