Ama-pancreas amancane angenye yezitho zomuntu ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi adlala indima enkulu ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza komzimba okujwayelekile.
Kwe-anatomy kanye nezokwelapha, i-iron inegama lesiLatini - amaPancreas.
I-pancreas enwetshiwe kumuntu osemdala noma ukubonakala kwezinqubo zokuvuvukala ezicutshini zayo kuvusa ukuphazamiseka kumetabolism yamafutha, ama-carbohydrate namaprotheni. Ama-pathologies kwizicubu zesitho aholela kokungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lokugaya ukudla.
Uma kungekho ukwelashwa okufanele, i-pathology evela kwifomu elibi iba yimbi, edinga inqubo yokwelashwa ende futhi eyinkimbinkimbi.
Isakhiwo samanyikwe
Lesi sitho siyisakhiwo esidala esinombala onsomi ompunga, sinesakhiwo esigoqiwe futhi sitholakala esiswini esiswini ngemuva kwesisu futhi siseduze ne-duodenum.
Ubude be-gland yomuntu omdala bujwayelekile kusuka ku-14 kuye ku-22 cm, nobubanzi obuyi-3 kuye ku-9 cm. I-gland inobubanzi obungama-9 cm esifundeni senhloko.
Ubuningi besitho busesimweni esijwayelekile ukusuka ku-70 kuya ku-80 amagremu.
Izigaba ezintathu zihlukaniswa ekwakhekeni kwe-macroscopic ye-gland:
- inhloko;
- umzimba;
- umsila.
Ikhanda lisondelene ne-duodenum. Isidumbu sinesimo sobukhosi. Umsila we pancreas ubunjiwe.
I-duct eyinhloko yamapancreas ihamba ngawo wonke ubude besitho bese igelezela ku-duodenum papilla enkulu ye-duodenal. Ngokuvamile, i-fusion ye-pancreatic ne-bile ducts iyenzeka.
Isakhiwo se-microscopic sendlala sibandakanya izinhlobo eziningana zamaseli, abhekele ukuhlanganiswa kwama-hormone nama-enzyme ahlukahlukene afakwe ujusi we-pancreatic. Iyunithi esebenzayo yesitho yi-acinus, enobukhulu bama-micron ayi-10 kuye kwangama-150.
Ingxenye ye-endocrine ye-gland imelelwa ngamaqoqo amaseli, abizwa ngokuthi ama-islets of Langerhans.
Izizathu eziphambili zokwanda
Ukungalingani kwesakhiwo ngobukhulu bendlala, ukwanda kwesitho sisonke noma emnyangweni ngamunye kungakhombisa ubukhona bokuphazamiseka kwezicubu nokukhula kwalesi sifo. Ukwanda ngosayizi wesitho sonke sekuphelele. Endabeni yokwanda ngosayizi wezingxenye ezithile zepancreas, kuthiwa yendawo.
Izitho zomgudu wesisu kanye nohlelo lwe-endocrine zixhumene kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukungasebenzi kahle okuncane ekusebenzeni kwendlala kuholela ezinkingeni ekusebenzeni kwezinhlelo zombili zokugaya kanye ne-endocrine.
Kukhona uhla lonke lwezinqubo zokubhubhisa ezifakazela izinqubo ezenzeka kumanyikwe futhi zivusa ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo.
Izimbangela zesifo kanye nokwanda kosayizi be-gland kungaba:
- Izakhi zofuzo ezihlangene.
- Ukuhlukumezeka ekudleni nasekudleni okungajwayelekile.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa isikhathi eside nokungacabangi.
- Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kokudla okunamafutha nezinongo, kanye nenyama ebhemayo.
- Ukuphuza ngokweqile utshwala.
- Ubukhona bezinqubo eziguqukayo nezokuvuvukala emzimbeni.
- Izinkinga kanye nezifo zenhliziyo ne-vascular system.
- I-calcium ethe xaxa emzimbeni.
- Ukwakhiwa kwamatshe nokwephulwa okuhambisana nokwakheka kwawo.
- Ukwakheka nokukhula kwama-cysts, izimila nama-adenomas.
- Izinqubo zokuvuvukala ku-mucosa wesibeletho.
- Izinqubo zokutheleleka kanye nezinkinga ezibangelwa yizo.
- Ukuvela kwe-neoplasms enobungozi.
- Isilonda sesisu.
- Yehlise ukungazetheki.
- Ukuthola ukulimala kwe-pancreatic.
Isifo esidale ukwanda kwesitho singafihlwa ngemvelo futhi isikhathi eside asizivezi nganoma iyiphi indlela. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ezinye izibonakaliso zingakhombisa ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo. Izimpawu ezinjalo zingahle zibe yisicanucanu noma ukuvela kobuhlungu obudlulayo.
Ukwanda kwendawo komunye weminyango yesitho kwenzeka ngenxa yokwenziwa kwezakhi zezicubu kule ngxenye.
Lesi simo siyabonakala uma kunokwanda kwenqubo yokuvuvukala emsileni, emzimbeni noma ekhanda.
Imbangela yokwanda kwekhanda lama-pancreas kanye nomsila kungaba ukwakheka okubi, ukuthikamezwa kwama-ducts, ukwakheka kokubumba kwe-cystic, ukubukeka kokuqina, nokwakheka kwama-pseudocysts.
Izimpawu zokwanda ngosayizi
Imvamisa, i-pathology ayizivezi isikhathi eside. Kodwa kunezimo lapho ngisho nokuphambuka okuncane okuvela kumapharamitha ajwayelekile kusheshe kuzenze kuzizwe.
Uma umuntu eye wembula okungenani uphawu olulodwa olukhombisa ushintsho ngosayizi wamanyikwe, kufanele uthintane nodokotela ngokushesha.
Udokotela ubeka izifundo ezithile ezizonquma kahle isimo se-gland.
Kungenzeka usole ukuba khona kwe-pathology emsebenzini wesitho ngokuba khona kwalezi zibonakaliso ezilandelayo:
- Esiswini sangaphezulu, ukwenzeka kobuhlungu. Ukuqina kobuhlungu kungakhuphuka noma kunciphe. Imvamisa, iziguli eziveze ukwanda kwamanyikwe zichaza ukungakhuluki kanye nobuhlungu njengokuzwa komoya omnene oshisayo esiswini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye iziguli zithi izinhlungu ezine-gland enkulu zivezwa ngokuhlaselwa kanzima. Ubuhlungu obenzeka e-peritoneum bungathuthela engalweni yangakwesobunxele emuva emuva.
- Ukungakhululeki okubonakala esiswini kungahambisana nokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa lomzimba lifike ezingeni lama-38-39 degrees. Imvamisa, ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa kuhlotshaniswa nokukhula kwenqubo yokuvuvukala kwizicubu zesitho.
- Isiguli sinomuzwa wokucanuzelelwa kwenhliziyo, okungakhathazwa ukwanda kokuhlanza nokugaya ukudla, okuboniswa yisifo sohudo. Emgodini womlomo, ukunambitheka kokudabukisayo kuzwakala lapho kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle.
Ukubonakala kokudinwa kungakhuluma ngomphumela wevolumu ye-pancreatic ekhuphukile ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwesibindi.
Ukuvela kokuqunjelwa njalo kungadalwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwamathumbu, okuvela ekucindezelweni kwamathumbu ekhanda elandisiwe lesigaxa.
Kubonwa ukuphula umthetho
Akunakwenzeka ukwenza ukuxilongwa kokukhulisa kwesitho, kuncike kuzimpawu ezivelayo zangaphandle.
Ukucacisa ukutholakala kwezifo, izindlela zelebhu kanye nezinsizakalo zokuhlola isiguli kufanele zisetshenziswe lapho kuhlolwa.
Ukuhlolwa okuphelele kukuvumela ukuthi ungagcini ngokuphula umthetho uqobo, kepha nezizathu ezikuvuse kakhulu.
Indlela eyinhloko yokuxilonga ukusetshenziswa kwe-ultra pancreas.
Ukuze ucacisele ukutholwa ngudokotela ohambelayo, izifundo ezingeziwe ezisuselwa ku:
- urinalysis;
- ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile;
- ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-biochemical.
Lapho wenza ukuhlolwa nokuxilongwa, i-gastroenterologist empeleni inaka ukubonakaliswa kwangaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
Ngemuva kokuhlolwa okuphelele komzimba wesiguli, udokotela wenza isinqumo ngokukhethwa kwendlela yokwelashwa.
Ukukhethwa kwendlela yokwelashwa kwalesi sifo kuncike kwinani elikhulu lezinto ezahlukahlukene, phakathi kwazo lapho indawo yokuqala ithathwa yisimo sempilo sesiguli kanye nezinga lama-pancreatic hormone.
Uma kukhona ukwanda kosayizi be-gland ngenxa yethonya lokugula okukhulu emzimbeni, isiguli silaliswa esibhedlela ngokuphuthumayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi esimweni esinjalo, ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kungadingeka.
Uma udinga usizo ekukhetheni indlela efanele yokwelashwa, odokotela abahlinzayo, ama-oncologists kanye nama-endocrinologists bangacelwa ukuthi babonane.
Ukwelashwa kwama-pancreas ngokukhula kwawo
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa imikhiqizo yezokwelapha yemvelaphi yokwenziwa.
Umphumela omuhle wokwelapha esimweni se-pancreas unikezwa ngokudla kokudla. Ngale njongo, kufanele uyeke ukusetshenziswa kwezitsha ezibabayo, ezibhemayo nezinamafutha.
Yenza i-gland ejwayelekile kumuntu omdala ibe ngokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezahlukahlukene.
Imvamisa, ukuphathwa kwamathebulethi ahlobene namaqembu athile wezidakamizwa kuyalelwa.
Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kwe-pancreatitis ebukhali noma yotshwala kungenziwa ekhaya.
Ngale njongo, amaqembu alandelayo wezidakamizwa asetshenziswa:
- proton pump inhibitors;
- izidakamizwa ze-hormonal;
- izidakamizwa - i-histamine receptor blockers;
- Izimali ezinama-enzyme e-pancreatic ekwakhekeni kwazo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ze-antipyretic, antiemetic kanye ne-analgesic. I-Ibuprofen noma ithebhulethi yaseKetorol ngokushesha idambisa izinhlungu. Ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa, ungasebenzisa iParacetamol noma iCitramon. Le mishanguzo kufanele isetshenziswe ngokucophelela okukhulu uma ukwelashwa kwenziwa kowesifazane osesimweni sokuzala ingane.
Izidakamizwa ze-antiemetic ezisebenzayo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ziyizidakamizwa ezifana:
- IsiTserukal.
- I-Itoprid.
- Trimebutin.
Ngokulashwa kwasekhaya kwalesi sifo, kufanele kuhambisane nokudla kokudla.
Isisekelo sokudla kufaka okusanhlamvu okuhlukahlukene nenyama enamafutha. Kuyenqatshelwa ukusebenzisa ekudleni leyo mikhiqizo edinga ukuthunyelwa okuthuthukile kwejusi le-pancreatic. Kwenqatshelwe ukuphuza utshwala.
Ngokulashwa okufika ngesikhathi, kungenzeka ukuthi ugweme ukubonakala kwezinkinga ezinkulu emzimbeni.
Ebuntwaneni, isimo se-pathological of the gland, esingenxa yengozi eyindlalifa, singalungiswa. Lapho welapha i-pancreas enwetshiwe osemusha, kokubili ukwelashwa okulondolozayo nokuhlinzwa kungasetshenziswa. Ukuzikhethela kwendlela yokwelashwa kwenziwa ngudokotela oholayo, kucatshangelwa izici zomzimba.
Imininingwane ngezifo ze-pancreatic inikezwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
