Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus yisifo esingathinta hhayi umuntu omdala kuphela, kodwa futhi nengane. Kuthinta izingane zabo bonke ubudala, izinsana nezintsha. Kepha izingane ezisukela eminyakeni emi-5 kuye kweli-12 ubudala zisengozini enkulu yesifo sikashukela lapho kunokukhula kanye nokwakheka komzimba okusebenzayo.
Enye yezinto zesifo sikashukela ebuntwaneni ukukhula ngokushesha kwalesi sifo. Ingane ikwazi ukuwa yisifo sikashukela emavikini ambalwa nje ngemuva kokuqala kwalesi sifo. Ngakho-ke, ukuxilongwa okufika ngesikhathi kwesifo sikashukela sezingane kungenye yezimo eziphambili zokwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwalesi sifo esiyingozi.
Indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuthola ushukela ezinganeni ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngoshukela, okwenziwa esiswini esingenalutho. Kuyasiza ukunquma ukwanda kwezinga likashukela wegazi wengane futhi kuqala ukwelashwa okudingekayo.
Ungaqhuba isifundo esinjalo ekhaya usebenzisa i-glucometer. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yalokhu kuyadingeka ukwazi ukuthi yisiphi isilinganiselo segazi esisezingeni eliphezulu esibonakala ezinganeni zemikhakha ehlukene yobudala nokuthi iyiphi inkomba ekhombisa okuqukethwe kweglucose emzimbeni wengane.
Imvelo yoshukela wegazi enganeni
Isimo sikashukela wegazi ezinganeni siyehlukahluka ngokuya ngeminyaka yengane. Izinga eliphansi kakhulu libonakala ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa futhi kancane kancane likhuphuka nobudala bengane, ize ifinyelele ezingeni lesici sabantu abadala.
Kubalulekile ukugcizelela lapha ukuthi isifo sikashukela singathinta izingane zanoma ibuphi ubudala, kubandakanya nezingane ezincane kakhulu. Ushukela onjalo ubizwa ngokuthi yi-congenital, futhi uzibonakalisa enganeni ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuzalwa.
Izingane eziseqenjini elisukela eminyakeni eyi-1 kuya kwengu-2 ubudala nazo zitholakala kulesi sifo esinzima esingamahlalakhona. Kepha ngokungafani nezingane ezindala, abasakwazi ukuhlola isimo sabo futhi bakhononde ngazo kubazali babo. Ngakho-ke, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuhlonza lesi sifo enganeni ngesikhathi esifanele ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi njalo.
Abasenkulisa nezingane zeminyaka yamabanga aphansi sebekwazi ukudonsela ukunakekela kwabazali ekuguleni kwabo. Umsebenzi wabazali ukulalela ngokucophelela izikhalazo zabo futhi, uma kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona izinsolo ezincanyana zesifo sikashukela, thatha umntwana ayohlolwa igazi ushukela.
Intsha kwesinye isikhathi kwesinye isikhathi iyimfihlo futhi ibona nezinguquko ezimweni sayo sempilo, zingathula ngalokhu isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, uma ingane ithambekele kwisifo sikashukela, abazali kufanele baxoxe naye ngezimpawu zesifo kusenesikhathi ukuze akwazi ukubona ukuthi kusiqalo.
Yiliphi izinga likashukela wegazi elijwayelekile enganeni:
- Kusuka osukwini olu-1 kuye enyangeni eyi-1 - 1.7 - 4.2 mmol / l;
- Kusuka enyangeni eyi-1 kuye kunyaka-1 - 2,5 - 4,7 mmol / l;
- Kusuka eminyakeni emi-2 kuye kweli-6 - 3.3 - 5.1 mmol / l;
- Kusuka eminyakeni engu-7 kuye kweyi-12 ubudala - 3.3 - 5.6 mmol / l;
- Ukusuka eminyakeni eyi-12 kuye kweyi-18 - 3.5 - 5.5 mmol / l.
Leli thebula libonisa amazinga ajwayelekile kashukela ezigabeni ezinhlanu zeminyaka eyinhloko. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kweminyaka kuhlotshaniswa nezici ze-carbohydrate metabolism ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa, ezinsaneni, ezinkulisa, ezinkulisa nasezingane zesikole, futhi kusiza ukuthola ukwanda koshukela ezinganeni zayo yonke iminyaka.
Amanani ashukela aphansi kakhulu abonwa ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa nezinsana aze afike kuminyaka eyi-1. Kulesi sikhathi, noma ukuguquguquka okuncane kwe-glucose egazini kungadala imiphumela emibi. Isifo sikashukela ezinsaneni zikhula ngokushesha, ngakho-ke, ngokusola okuncane kwalesi sifo, kufanele uthintane nodokotela ngokushesha.
Ezinganeni zasenkulisa, amazinga kashukela wegazi ahluka kancane kulawo kubantu abadala. Ezinganeni zalesi sigaba sobudala, isifo sikashukela asikhulisi ngokushesha njengasezinsaneni, kodwa izimpawu zalo zokuqala zivame ukuhlala zingabonakali kubazali. Ngakho-ke, izingane ezincane zivame ukugcina esibhedlela zinenkinga ye-hyperglycemic coma.
Isimo sikashukela wegazi ezinganeni zisebenza ngokuphelele nomuntu omdala. Kulesi sikhathi, i-pancreas isivele yakhiwe ngokuphelele futhi isebenza ngemodi ephelele.
Ngakho-ke, izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni zesikole zifana kakhulu nezimpawu zalokhu kugula kubantu abadala.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi koshukela ezinganeni
Indlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokuthola ushukela ezinganeni ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngoshukela osheshayo. Lolu hlobo lokuxilonga lusiza ekunqumeni ukugcwala kweglucose egazini lengane ngaphambi kokudla. Ukuthola imiphumela enembe kunazo zonke, abazali kudingeka balungiselele ingane yabo kahle lolu cwaningo.
Ngosuku olwandulela lolu hlaziyo, kubalulekile ukuthi unganiki ingane yakho amaswidi nokunye ukudla okuphezulu kwe-carb, njengamaswidi, amakhukhi, ama-chip, ama-crackers nokunye okuningi. Kungashiwo okufanayo ngezithelo ezimnandi, eziqukethe ushukela omkhulu.
Ukudla kwakusihlwa kufanele kube kusenesikhathi impela futhi kube nokudla kwamaprotheni amaningi, ngokwesibonelo, inhlanzi ebilisiwe ngesitsha semifino esehlangothini. Amazambane, ilayisi, i-pasta, ummbila, i-semolina nesinkwa esiningi kufanele kugwenywe.
Futhi, ingane akufanele ivunyelwe ukuhamba kakhulu ngosuku olwandulela ukuxilongwa. Uma engena kwezemidlalo, weqa ama-Workout. Iqiniso ukuthi ukusebenza komzimba kwehlisa ushukela wegazi ezinganeni futhi kungahlanekezela imiphumela yokuhlaziywa.
Ekuseni ngaphambi kokufunda, akufanele ukondle ibhulakufesi lengane, uyiphuze ngetiyi noma ujusi omnandi. Akunconyelwe ngisho nokuxubha amazinyo akho, ngoba ushukela ovela emazinyweni ungangenwa egazini ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi lwe-mucous lomlomo. Kungcono ukunika ingane yakho amanzi ngaphandle kwegesi.
Igazi likashukela enganeni lithathwa emunweni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udokotela wenza ukubhoboza esikhunjeni sengane, ancenge igazi lakhe ngobumnene futhi athathe inani elincane lokuhlaziywa. Kakhulu kakhulu, kusetshenziswa igazi le-venous ukuthola isifo, esithathwa ngesirinji.
I-glucose yegazi enganeni eneminyaka eyi-6-18 ubudala, isukela ku-5.8 kuya ku-6 mmol, ithathwa njengokuphambuka kokujwayelekile futhi ikhombisa ukwephulwa kwe-carbohydrate metabolism. Noma yisiphi isibonakaliso sikashukela wegazi ezinganeni kusuka ku-6.1 mmol nangaphezulu sikhombisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela.
Uma phakathi nesifundo kutholakale ushukela egazini lengane, kuthunyelwa ukuba kuhlaziywe kabusha. Lokhu kwenziwa ngenhloso yokugwema iphutha okungenzeka futhi kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala kwesifo sikashukela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izindlela zokuxilonga isifo sikashukela zinganconywa kubazali bengane.
Enye yazo ukuhlolwa kwegazi koshukela ezinganeni ngemuva kokudla. Kufanele ilungiselelwe yona ngendlela efanayo nokuhlolwa kwegazi okwedlule. Okokuqala, ukuhlolwa kwegazi okusheshayo kuthathwa esigulini esincane ukuthola ukuthi ushukela onengane ungakanani ngaphambi kokudla.
Ngemuva kwalokho ingane inikezwa isiphuzo se-50 noma i-75 ml yesisombululo se-glucose, kuya ngeminyaka yesiguli. Ngemuva kwalokho, ingane ithathwa igazi ukuze ihlaziywe ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-60, 90 ne-120. Lokhu kusiza ukwazi ukuthi ushukela ungakanani egazini lengane ngemuva kokudla, okusho ukunquma izinga lokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kanye nenani layo.
Yini okufanele ibe ushukela wegazi wengane ngemuva kokudla:
- Ngemuva kwehora eli-1 - hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-8.9 mmol;
- Ngemuva kwamahora we-1.5 - akukho ngaphezu kwe-7.8 mmol;
- Ngemuva kwamahora ama-2, akukho ngaphezu kwe-6.7 mmol.
Kuyemukelwa ngokuvamile ukuthi ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela enganeni kuqinisekiswa uma amanani kashukela ngemuva kokulayisha ushukela eglulela emazingeni alandelayo:
- Ngemuva kwehora eli-1 - kusuka kumamililitha ayi-11;
- Ngemuva kwamahora ayi-1.5 - kusuka kumamililitha ayi-10;
- Ngemuva kwamahora amabili - ukusuka ku-7.8 mmol.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni
Ezimweni eziningi, izingane zitholakala ukuthi zinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Kubalwa ngaphezu kwe-98% yamacala alesi sifo esingalapheki ezinganeni ezineminyaka eyi-1 kuye kwengu-18. Thayipha ama-akhawunti wesifo sikashukela angaphezu kwe-1%.
Thayipha isifo sikashukela esingu-1, noma, njengoba sibizwa nangokuthi, isifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin, sikhula ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-insulin emzimbeni wengane. Imbangela yalesi sifo esiyingozi ukufa kwama-pancreatic β-cell akhiqiza le hormone ebalulekile.
Ngokusho kwemithi yesimanjemanje, ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela ezinganeni kuvame ukucasulwa ukutheleleka ngegciwane, njengesimungumungwane, irubella, inkukhu, umumbele kanye ne-viral hepatitis. Enye imbangela evamile yesifo sikashukela ebuntwaneni ukungasebenzi komzimba, lapho amaseli okubulala ahlasela izicubu zamanyikwe.
Izimpawu eziphambili zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni:
- Umile njalo. Izingane ezinesifo sikashukela zihlala zicelwa ukuthi ziphuze futhi zingaphuza amalitha amaningana amanzi, itiye nezinye iziphuzo. Izinsana ziyakhala futhi zehlise umoya kuphela uma zinikezwa isiphuzo;
- Ukuchama ngokweqile. Umntwana uvame ukuyela endlini yokugezela, abafundi bangathatha isikhathi sokuphuma esikoleni baye endlini yangasese kaningana ngosuku lwesikole. Ngisho nezingane ezindala zingahlushwa umbhede. Ngasikhathi sinye, umchamo ngokwawo unokuguquguquka okubonakalayo futhi okunamathelayo, futhi inhlanganisela emhlophe ebonakala ngokuma ingahlala emaphashini ezinsana;
- Ukwehla kwesisindo okungazelelwe. Ingane inciphisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu, futhi zonke izingubo ziba zikhulu kakhulu kuye. Ingane iyeka ukukhulisa isisindo nama-lags ngemuva ekukhuleni;
- Ubuthakathaka obukhulu. Ababelethi bayabona ukuthi umntwanabo waba sibi futhi wababulala, akanawo amandla okuhamba nabangane. Abafundi baqala ukufunda kabi, othisha bakhala ngokuthi balala ngokweqiniso ekilasini;
- Ukwanda kwesifiso sokudla. Ingane ihlangabezana nendlala yezimpisi futhi ekudleni okukodwa ingadla kakhulu kunangaphambili. Ngasikhathi sinye, uhlala edla ukudla phakathi kokudla okuyinhloko, ekhombisa isifiso esikhethekile samaswidi. Amabele angancela ngokuhaha futhi adinge ukondliwa cishe njalo ngehora;
- Ukubona okuhle. Izingane ezinesifo sikashukela zivame ukuba nokulimazeka okubukwayo. Bangakwazi ukuhlala bebumbana, bahlala duzane kakhulu ne-TV noma i-computer tracking, begoba ngaphansi kwelebhukwana futhi basondeze nezincwadi eduze kobuso babo. Ukulimazeka okubonakalayo kushukela kuvela nazo zonke izinhlobo zokugula;
- Ukuphola amanxeba isikhathi eside. Amanxeba nokuklabeka kwengane kuphulukisa isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi kuhlala kukhanya. Ukuvuvukala kwamathumbu kanye namathumba kungakheka esikhunjeni sengane;
- Ukwanda kokucasuka. Ingane ingathinta futhi ithukuthele, ihlale inesimo esibi. Angaba nokwesaba okungenangqondo futhi athuthukise ama-neuroses;
- Ukutheleleka kwesikhunta. Amantombazane anesifo sikashukela angakhula i-thrush (candidiasis). Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingane ezinjalo zivame kakhulu kuyi-cystitis kanye nezinqubo zokuvuvukala ezinso;
- Ukugula okungapheli amandla. Ingane enoshukela ophakeme okungamahlalakhona kungenzeka kakhulu kunontanga ukuba nemkhuhlane kanye nomkhuhlane.
Kubalulekile ukuthi abazali bakhumbule ukuthi isifo sikashukela ebuntwaneni singelapheki. Kepha ukuxilongwa okufika ngesikhathi kwalesi sifo kanye nokwelashwa okukhethwe kahle kuzovumela ingane yabo ukuthi iphile impilo ephelele. Kepha kulokhu kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi yini okufanele ibe ushukela wegazi ezinganeni ezinempilo nokuthi yiziphi izinkomba ezikhombisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela.
Yiziphi izinkomba ze-glycemia ezinganeni yizinto ezijwayelekile ezichazwe kuvidiyo kuleli vidiyo.
