Isifo sikashukela siqondwa njengokwephula okubi kakhulu kwe-carbohydrate metabolism emzimbeni womuntu, okuholela ngokwesiko ukungasebenzi kahle kwasemanzini. Ama-pancreas, futhi, abangela ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-insulin. Le hormone ibhekwa njengengxenye ebalulekile yokuguqulwa kweshukela ibe ushukela.
Ukuntuleka kwe-insulin kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi ushukela uqala ukunqwabelana ngemithamo eminingi emzimbeni, ingxenye yokushiya nomchamo. Ukuphazamiseka okubalulekile kutholakala nangokwe-metabolism yamanzi, ngoba izicubu azigcini ngokugcina amanzi ngaphakathi kwazo. Ngenxa yalokhu, uketshezi olungaphansi ngamanani amakhulu lusetshenziswa izinso.
Uma ingane noma umuntu omdala etholakala ene-hyperglycemia, kuyadingeka ukwenza ucwaningo lwezifundo ngesifo sikashukela. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kwenziwa ama-pancreas, noma kunalokho, amaseli ayo we-beta. I-hormone ekuqaleni ilawula inqubo yokuhambisa i-glucose kumaseli abizwa ngokuthi yi-insulin-anc.
Ukukhiqizwa okunganele kwe-insulin kuwuphawu lwesifo sikashukela ezinganeni noma kubantu abadala, okuholela ekukhuleni kwamazinga kashukela ngaphezulu kwenani elivumelekile. Kodwa-ke, amaseli ancike ku-insulin aqala ukuzwa ukuntuleka kweglucose.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lesi sifo singatholakala futhi senziwe njengefa. Ukushoda kwama-insulin ama-insulin kubangela ukuvela kwama-abscesses namanye amanxeba ebusweni besikhumba, isimo samazinyo siba sibi kakhulu, nezimpawu zokuqina komfutho wegazi, i-angina pectoris, ne-atherosclerosis kuvame ukuvela. Isifo sikashukela sivame ukuba nezifo zesistimu yezinzwa, izinso nohlelo lokubona.
Izimbangela Zesifo Sikashukela
Kukholakala ukuthi lesi sifo sidalwa ngofuzo, ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyaziwa ukuthi abakwazi ukutheleleka. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kuyayeka noma kuba ngaphansi kakhulu ngenxa yokuvinjwa kwamangqamuzana e-beta, okungahle kuvuse izici eziningana:
- Indima enkulu idlalwa ukuqothelwa ifa. Uma ingane inomzali oyedwa, ingozi yokuba nesifo sikashukela ngamaphesenti angamashumi amathathu, uma bobabili begula, ikhuphuka ngamaphesenti angamashumi ayisikhombisa. Lesi sifo asibonakali njalo ezinganeni, kwesinye isikhathi izimpawu zibonakala ngemuva kweminyaka engama-30 - 40.
- Ukukhuluphala kubhekwa njengophawu oluvame kakhulu kwiziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Umuntu osehlelwe yilesi sifo kufanele alawule isisindo somzimba wakhe ngokucophelela.
- Imbangela yesifo sikashukela nayo ingaba yizifo ezithile ezithinta ama-pancreas, yingakho amaseli e-beta efa. Izici ezinikezayo nazo zingadabukisa.
- Isimo esinyantisayo sithathwa njengesimo esicindezelayo noma ukweqisa ngokweqile kwemizwelo. Ikakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngomuntu ohleliwe osekhuluphele ngokweqile.
- Ukutheleleka ngegciwane nakho kungavusa ukuthuthuka kwalesi sifo, kufaka phakathi isifo se-hepatitis, umkhuhlane, inkukhu, irubella, njalonjalo.
- Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi isici sobudala sidlala indima. Ingozi yokuba nesifo sikashukela ezinganeni inciphile kakhulu kunabantu abadala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba iminyaka ikhula, into eyindlalifa iyalahlekelwa isisindo sayo; usongo olukhulu emzimbeni wukudluliselwa kwezifo ezibuthaka ukuzivikela komzimba kanye nokukhuluphala.
Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi isifo sikashukela sitholakala kalula ngezinyo elimnandi, kepha lesi sitatimende singafakwa ngokuphephile esigabeni sezinganekwane. Kepha kukhona neqiniso elithile, ngoba isisindo ngokweqile singabonakala ngenxa yeswidi lokudla kakhulu. Phezu kwesisindo esisheshayo, ukukhuluphala kungakhula.
Ngokuvamile, imbangela yokuqala kwesifo sikashukela ukwehluleka kwe-hormonal, okudala ukulimala kwepancreatic. Ushintsho ngemuva kwesizinda se-hormonal lungenzeka ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa eziningi noma ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala isikhathi eside. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kungaqala ngemuva kokutheleleka ngegciwane kwamaseli e-beta.
Ukuphendula kwamasosha omzimba ezinganeni nasezigulini zabantu abadala ukuqaliswa kokukhiqizwa kwama-antibodies, ngokuvamile abizwa ngokuthi ama-antibodies angama-insular. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi noma yiziphi zalezi zizathu ezifakwe kuhlu azikwazi ukuba yiqiniso ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukukhuluma ngokuxilongwa okulungile kuze kube ukuhlolwa okuphelele, okubandakanya ukucubungula kokuhlushwa koshukela ku-plasma yegazi.
Iziqu zesifo sikashukela
Ukuhlukaniswa kwesifo sikashukela ngokuqina, okunqunywa ukuphakama kwesikhombisi kashukela, nakho kubalulekile. Isinxephezelo senqubo sibhekwa njengengxenye yokuxilongwa ngokufanele. Isisekelo sesikhombi esidingidwayo ukutholwa kokuhlinzekwayo okuhlobene.
Kodwa-ke, ukuze kube lula ukuchaza isimo sesiguli esinesifo sikashukela, uma sesifunde amarekhodi ngaphakathi kwerekhodi lezokwelapha, umuntu angahlukanisa ubukhulu bezinga ngokuya ngalo mgomo. Lapho likhuphuka izinga lokuhlushwa ushukela, kuba nzima kakhulu inqubo yenkambo yesifo, futhi nengozi yezinkinga ezisongela impilo yesiguli ikhuphuka kakhulu.
Ukwehla:
Ukuvela kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kuphawulwa ngenkambo enhle kakhulu yesifo. Ukwelashwa kwanoma yikuphi ukugula kufanele kulwele isimo esinjalo. Amazinga okuqala enqubo abonakala ngezinga eliphansi le-glucose egazini, elingadluli ku-6-7 mmol / L.
I-mellitus yeBanga 1 yesifo sikashukela ihlawulelwa njalo, akukho-glucosuria, okungukuthi, ukwaliwa ushukela kanye nomchamo. Ukuhlaziya kukhombisa ukuthi i-proteinuria ne-glycosylated hemoglobin azidluli amanani ajwayelekile.
Uma sikhuluma ngedigri yokuqala enganeni noma kumuntu okhulile, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi esithombeni somtholampilo azikho izinkinga, phakathi kwazo kuvame ukuba nephritis, angiopathy, cardiomyopathy, retinopathy kanye nokunye okungahambi kahle. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukwelapha abagulayo ngosizo lwemithi, kanye nokwelashwa kokudla.
Isigaba sesibili sobukhulu sibonisa isinxephezelo ngenqubo ethile. Kulokhu, kuvela izimpawu zokuphazamiseka okukhona, okuthinta izitho zombono, izinso, imithambo yegazi, ukwehla okuphansi, njalonjalo.
Okuqukethwe ushukela kuhamba okungaphezulu kwalokho futhi kulingana no-7 kuye ku-10 mmol / l. IGlycosuria namanje ayikacaci, i-hemoglobin ibuye iguquguquke ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo eyamukelekayo noma iphambuke kancane kuyo. Akukho dysfunctions wezitho zangaphakathi.
I-degree yesithathu yesifo sikashukela ibonakala ngokuqhubeka kwezimpawu, kanye nokungakwazi ukulawula lesi sifo ngokwezifo. Kulokhu, izinga likashukela lidlula ngendlela ejwayelekile futhi lilingana ne-13 - 14 mmol / l. Kulesi sigaba, i-glucosuria ephikelelayo isivele isisici, okungukuthi, ukubhema ushukela ngomchamo.
Umchamo uqukethe amaprotheni, okusho ukuthi ama-proteinuria aphezulu. Izinga lenqubo lingakhombisa nokubonakala kwezinkinga zokuqala. Njengomthetho, izitho zombono, izinso, uhlelo lwezinzwa njalonjalo zingokuqala ukuhlupheka. Ezigulini ezinjalo, umfutho wegazi ukhuphuka kakhulu, izitho ziyanyamalala, imizwa inyamalale.
Izinga lesine libonisa ukubuyiselwa okuphelele kwale nqubo, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga ezinkulu ezisongela impilo. Kulesi sigaba, inkomba ye-glycemia ifinyelela uphawu olubucayi, ngenkathi ingaphenduli ngokulungiswa isebenzisa noma yiziphi izindlela.
I-Proteinuria ithatha umlingiswa oqhubekayo, futhi futhi ihambisane nokulahleka kwamaprotheni. Ibanga 4 liba imbangela yezimpawu zokwehluleka kwezinso, ukuvela kwezilonda zesifo sikashukela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, esigabeni esibulalayo, ubungozi bokukhula komzimba bukhuphuka.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela se-degree yokuqala
Kungakhathaleki ukuthi yini imbangela yokuqalwa kwesifo sikashukela, kungafinyelelwa esiphethweni esisodwa, okuwukuthi umzimba awukwazi ukuthola ushukela ogcwele ngokudla ukuze kugcinwe ushukela omningi ngaphakathi kwezicubu zomzimba nesibindi.
I-glucose, eyasala iye ngokweqile, ijikeleza egazini, futhi ishiya nomzimba umchamo wayo. Lesi simo asivumelani nazo zonke izitho nezicubu ezixhomekeke kumshuwalense. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamandla, umzimba uqala ukushisa amafutha awo uqobo, okuyimbangela yokwakhiwa kwezinto ezinobuthi, imizimba ye-ketone.
Kwibanga lokuqala le nqubo, isethi esincane sezimpawu ezingenayo inkulumo ecacile kuwuphawu. Inqubo ehlinzekelwe ikhombisa ushukela wegazi ophansi onokwenzeka onesifo sikashukela. Inkomba ayidluleli ngalokujwayelekile futhi ilingana no-6 kuye ku-7 mmol / l.
Izimpawu zezinga le-1 le nqubo ezinganeni nakubantu abadala:
- Umuntu onesifo sikashukela angaphuza amalitha amathathu kuya kwayisihlanu koketshezi ngosuku, ngoba womile. Ngisho nangemva nje kokuphuza, akudluli.
- Kokubili ubusuku nemini, ukuchama okuvame kakhulu kuyabonakala. Ngasikhathi sinye, inani elihlukanisiwe lomchamo lenyuswa kakhulu.
- I-mucosa yomlomo ivame ukoma.
- Isifiso sokudla ngokweqile siyabonakala.
- Noma kungabikho ngokuphelele ukuzikhandla ngokomzimba, isiguli sizwa buthakathaka kakhulu kwemisipha.
- Isikhumba sihle kakhulu.
- Amanxeba kunzima ukuphulukisa.
- Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zingaqothuka kakhulu uma kukhona uhlobo lwesibili lokugula, noma zinganciphisa kakhulu isisindo uma kukhulunywa ngohlobo lokuqala.
Ukufinyelela amazinga okuqala wenqubo kwisifo esingelapheki enganeni noma esigulini esikhulile, ungasebenzisa izincomo zochwepheshe wokudla okunempilo, kanye nokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa.
Ukudla okukhethekile kwe-carb okuyingxenye ebalulekile yokwelashwa okusebenzayo okunikeza amandla amahle.
Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sokuqala
Ithuba lokuthola ukwelashwa okuphelele kwesifo sikashukela namuhla liyimpikiswano. Kodwa-ke, umkhuba ukhombisa ukuthi isifo sikashukela esisezingeni lokuqala sohlobo lwesibili singalapheka uma ifomu layo lingalawulwa ngaphansi kwethonya lokwelashwa okusekelwe ekudleni.
Kuyavela ukuthi isiguli sidinga ukujwayela umsebenzi waso wokudla nokudla ukuze sikuqede. Kodwa-ke, umuntu akufanele akhohlwe ukuthi ingozi yokuvuselelwa kabusha kwalesi sifo iphakeme ngokwanele uma isiguli sinquma ukwephula umbuso.
Ukwelashwa kwesifo se-degree yokuqala kufanele kube okuphelele, ngakho-ke kuqukethe:
- ukudla okudla okune-carbohydrate eyanele;
- ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa, uma kunesidingo, ukwelashwa kwe-insulin;
- ukuzivocavoca komzimba ngokuzivocavoca okwenziwe ngomzimba.
Okubaluleke kakhulu ekunikezeni isinxephezelo se-1 degree yesifo sikashukela ekudleni. Ukudla kwesiguli kufanele kube okuphelele, okungukuthi, kuqukethe amavithamini, amafutha, amaprotheni, ngisho nama-carbohydrate. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani le-caloric lokudla kufanele futhi lihambisane nezidingo zomzimba womuntu ogulayo.
Umgomo oyinhloko wokudla kokudla ukunciphisa umkhawulo wokudla okune-carbohydrate okugaya kalula, kanye nanoma yikuphi ukudla kwezilwane. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuyadingeka ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa koshizi we-cottage, uwoyela wemifino, i-oatmeal no-soy. Kufanele futhi kwaziwe ukuthi ukudla izidakamizwa ezinqunyiwe kufanele kuhambisane nokudla.
Umthwalo odakiwe nawo uyadingeka kubo bonke abanesifo sikashukela. Lapho izicubu zisebenza enganeni noma esigulini esidala, umzimba ukhiqiza amandla ngokusebenzisa ama-carbohydrate aphumela lapho kanye namafutha agcinwe. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sesigaba 1 kuzophumelela kuphela uma yonke le mithetho engenhla ihlangabezana.
Ukunganaki inkinga kuvame ukudala izinkinga. Abanye babo abagcini nje ngokungenelela kakhulu empilweni yeziguli, kodwa futhi baba sengozini enkulu empilweni yakhe. Uma ungalaphi isifo sikashukela se-degree yokuqala, singabonakala ukubukeka kwe-glycemic coma.
Ubunzima besifo sikashukela buchazwe kule vidiyo kulesi sihloko.
