I-insulin ingenye yama-hormone abalulekile emzimbeni womuntu. Idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphathweni kwe-metabolism. I-insulin inegalelo ekufakweni kweglucose okwejwayelekile, ibandakanyeka ohlelweni lwe-glycogenolysis (ukuwohloka kwe-glycogen), futhi iphinde ithuthukise ukwakheka kwamaprotheni namafutha.
Ukuntuleka kwe-insulin kuholela ekuqhakambisweni kwesifo esingalapheki esishubile - uhlobo 1 sikashukela. Lokhu kugula kuba nomphumela olimaza umzimba wonke wesiguli futhi ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kombono, ukunqunywa kwemikhawulo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi, ukuhluleka kwezinso, ukungabi namandla kocansi, ukungazali nezinye izinkinga ezinkulu.
Amazinga aphakanyisiwe we-insulin egazini, ngokuvamile akhombisa ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Lesi sifo asinangozi kangako kubantu kunoshukela abancike e-insulin futhi singabanga nemiphumela emibi futhi nokufa kwesiguli.
Kungakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi yini inqubo ejwayelekile ye-insulin egazini lamadoda, abesifazane nezingane, nokuthi yini engaholela ekwandeni noma ukuncipha kwale nkomba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-insulin nokuthi ungazilungiselela kanjani lolu hlobo lokuxilongwa.
Izakhiwo ze-insulin
Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi i-insulin yi-hormone ebaluleke kakhulu, kodwa hhayi wonke umuntu ongasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi yini ebhekene nayo. Kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi i-insulin ayinazo izifaniso emzimbeni womuntu, ngakho-ke, noma yikuphi ukwephulwa kokuqashelwa kwayo kuholela ekuphulweni okunzima emzimbeni.
I-insulin ye-hormone ifikelwa amaseli e-pancreatic β-cell, atholakala ezindaweni okuthiwa zibizwa ngokuthi iziqhingi zeLangerhans. Amaseli we-β-cell angaphezu kwe-70% yesitho, kanti ingxenye esele ibalwa ngama-α- kanye nama-δ-cell, akhiqiza ama-glucagon ama-hormone ne-somatostatin.
Kakade kulokhu kucacile ukuthi ibaluleke kangakanani i-insulin ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile komzimba. Le hormone ibaluleke kakhulu ukumuncwa kwama-carbohydrate, angumthombo oyinhloko wamandla kubantu. I-insulin kuphela engakhuphula ukuvama kwezimpawu zamangqamuzana futhi iqinisekise ukungena kwe-glucose kumaseli.
Lokhu kusiza ukugcina amandla womuntu futhi kumgculise ngamandla. Ngakho-ke, abantu abakhiqizwa i-insulin ukukhiqizwa njalo bahlushwa ubuthakathaka obukhulu nokunganaki. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kukude nokuphela kwempahla ye-insulin, le hormone nayo inohlu lonke lwezinye izimfanelo ezibaluleke ngokulinganayo.
Indima ye-insulin emzimbeni womuntu:
- I-insulin ithuthukisa ukuqina kokuqanjwa kwamaseli, ngenxa yokuthi ushukela ungena esitokisini;
- Kukhuthaza ukwehlukaniswa kwe-glucose ku-pyruvic acid - umthombo oyinhloko wamandla kubantu;
- Ibopha ama-molecule eglue bese iwaguqula abe yi-glycogen, bese iqoqeka esibindini nasemisiphani njengamafutha omzimba;
- Inciphisa isenzo sama-enzyme aqeda amafutha futhi ngaleyo ndlela evimbela ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha acid njengemithombo yamandla;
- Kuthuthukisa ukufakwa kwamaprotheni, kusiza amaseli ukuthola ama-amino acid;
- Ukubamba iqhaza ku-satellite kwezithako ngama-ion wamaminerali, ikakhulukazi i-potassium, i-magnesium ne-phosphorus;
- Akuvumeli ama-acid aqatha ukungena egazini;
- Ithatha iqhaza ekuphindweni kwe-DNA, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukuvuselelwa kwezicubu;
- Ikhulisa ukuhlanganiswa kwamaprotheni, kumisa inqubo yokuqhekeka kwabo;
- Ikhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kwamafutha acid esibindini.
Izinga le-insulin egazini kuyo yonke iminyaka
I-pancreas ifaka i-insulin kuwo wonke amahora angama-24 ngosuku, kepha inani elikhulu le-hormone liyanikezwa ngesikhathi sokudla. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngemuva kokudla esigabeni sikashukela wegazi lomuntu kukhuphuka kakhulu, futhi i-insulin isiza ukwehlisa ukunqwabelana kwe-glucose futhi igcinwe ngaphansi kwemikhawulo ejwayelekile.
Uma umzimba wesiguli uqukethe i-insulin eningi, lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi amaseli akhe alahlekelwe ukuzwela kule hormone. I-insulin ephezulu kakhulu esegazini ibonwa ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, nakubantu abanokukhuluphala kakhulu futhi abadla imikhiqizo elimazayo.
Iqiniso ngukuthi ungqimba olukhulu lwamafutha aluvumeli i-insulin ukuthi ihlangane nezicubu zomzimba, ngaleyo ndlela idale ukwanda kweglucose yegazi. Kulokhu, ukuhlushwa kwe-insulin kungancishiswa kuphela ngokulahla amakhilogremu angeziwe nangokunamathela ekudleni okuqinile kwe-carb.
Ukuntuleka kwe-insulin, njengomthetho, kuthinta abantu abephula i-pancreas. Kunezizathu eziningana zokunciphisa i-insulin egazini, eyinhloko yayo ukufa kwama-pancreatic β-cell. Ukwephulwa okunobungozi okunjena kuholela ekuxilongeni kanzima - uhlobo 1 sikashukela.
Ngakho-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi iyiphi inqubo evamile ye-insulin ebonakala ezinganeni, kubantu abadala nasebekhulile, nokuthi kusho ukuthini ukuba nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-insulin amayunithi ajwayelekile. Akumele sikhohlwe ukuthi i-insulin yi-hormone ebhekene nokufakwa kweglucose, ukuqina okuthe xaxa egazini kulimaza abantu.
Amanani we-insulin egazi emikhakha ehlukene yobudala:
- Izingane - kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-20 mced / l
- Abesifazane - kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-25 mked / l
- Abesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa - kusuka ku-6 kuye ku-26 mked / l
- Abesilisa - kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-25 mked / l
- Abantu abadala - kusuka ku-6 kuye ku-30 mced / l, kubantu abadala ukuya ku-35 mced / l.
Abantu abaningi bafunda kuphela ngokushintsha amazinga e-insulin lapho bekhombisa izimpawu zesifo sikashukela.
Kodwa ukunquma inani lale hormone akunzima kakhulu futhi kudinga izivivinyo ezimbalwa zokuxilonga.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-insulin
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-insulin egazini kubantu abadala nasezinganeni kungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili - esiswini esingenalutho nangemva komthwalo we-carbohydrate. Ukuthola isifo sikashukela, kunconywa ukuthi udlule zombili lezi zivivinyo, ezizokuvumela ukuthi uthole imiphumela efanele kakhulu futhi ungafaki iphutha elinokwenzeka.
Ngokungafani nokuhlolwa kweglucose yegazi okungenziwa ekhaya nge-glucometer, ukuhlolwa kwe-insulin kwenziwa kuphela emtholampilo. Amathuluzi alinganisa i-insulin awakenziwa, yize ithuluzi elinjalo lokuhlola lingasiza kakhulu kubantu abathambekele ekushukela.
Ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kwe-insulin.
Njengoba igama lisho, ukuthatha lolu vivinyo kuyadingeka kuphela esiswini esingenalutho. Ngaso leso sikhathi, okungenani amahora angama-8, futhi okungcono kakhulu kuwo wonke amahora ayi-12-14, kufanele kudlule phakathi kokudla kokugcina nesampula yegazi. Ngakho-ke, kunconyelwa ukwenza lolu cwaningo ekuseni ngemuva kokulala ebusuku, okuzovumela isiguli ukuba sikhuthazelele kalula ukwenqaba ukudla ngenkani.
Ekhuluma ngalokho okufanele ukwenze ukuze uhlolwe kahle i-insulin, ukubaluleka kwako kubaluleke kakhulu ekutholeni isifo sikashukela, kubalulekile ukusho ukubaluleka kokudla. Ngakho-ke, amahora angama-24 ngaphambi kokuxilongwa, kufanele ungafaki ekudleni kwakho konke ukudla okunamafutha nokudla okunoshukela, kanye nokwenqaba ukuphuza utshwala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze kutholakale ngokunembile okuqukethwe kwe-insulin egazini, ukuzikhandla okusindayo ngokomzimba kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okuqinile ngokomzwelo, kufaka phakathi okuhle, kufanele kugwenywe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele uyeke ukubhema ugwayi okwesikhashana.
Ekuseni ngokushesha ngaphambi kocwaningo, kwenqatshelwe ukudla noma ukuphuza noma yiziphi iziphuzo ngaphandle kwamanzi ahlanzekile ngaphandle kwegesi. Igazi lokuhlaziywa ngezinga le-insulin lithathwa emunweni, kepha ezimweni ezingavamile, isampula yegazi eligcwele ukudla isetshenziselwa ukwenza lolu vivinyo.
Imvamisa ngalolu hlobo lokuxilongwa, ama-endocrinologists ancoma ukuthi isiguli sihlolwe ama-pancreas nge-ultrasound. Lokhu kuzokwembula ukuvuvukala okungathi sína nomonakalo kulungu lwesitho, okuholele ekufeni kwama-β-cell.
Imiphumela ingaba ngaphansi kunenkambiso engenhla. Lokhu kujwayelekile ngokuphelele, ngoba lapho kuzanywa amahora angu-8, inkomba ye-insulin iyancipha futhi isuka ku-1.9 iye ku-23 mked / l. Ezinganeni, i-insulin ejwayelekile esiswini esingenalutho isezingeni 2 kuya ku-20 mced / l. Kwabesifazane abasezikhundleni, lesi sibalo siphakeme kakhulu futhi silingana ne-6-27 mked / l.
Ukuhlaziywa ngomthwalo weglucose.
Ukulungiselela lokhu kuhlolwa kulandela indlela efanayo neyendlela edlule yocwaningo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngaphambi kokuhlola ukubekezelelwa kwe-glucose, kwenqatshelwe ukudla okungenani amahora angama-8. Kufanele futhi uhambisane nezinye izidingo eziphoqelekile ezichazwe ngenhla.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, isiguli sinikezwa isixazululo sikashukela esingu-75 ml sabantu abadala kanye ne-50 ml yezingane ezincane. Ngemuva kwalokho balinda amahora amabili kuthi ngemuva kokukhishwa kwegazi le-insulin kuthathwe ukuthi kuhlolwe. Ngokulinganisa izinga le-insulin, isiguli sidinga ukuhlala sizolile ngokuphelele - singakhathazeki futhi singazivocavoci, ngoba lokhu kuthinta kakhulu imiphumela yokuhlaziywa.
Ngokufanelekile, ukuqoqwa kwe-insulin ngemuva kokulayishwa kwe-glucose kufanele kube kusuka ku-13 kuye ku-15 mked / l kubantu abadala, kusuka ku-16 kuye ku-17 mked / l kwabesifazane abakhulelwe nasezinganeni i-insulin 10 kuye ku-11 mked / l.
Kepha uma umphumela wokuhlaziywa ungaphansi noma uphakeme, kepha ngasikhathi sinye esingeqi imingcele ejwayelekile kumuntu ophile kahle, khona-ke izinkomba ezinjalo kufanele zithathwe njengezingenabungozi.
Izimpawu ze-insulin ephezulu nephansi
Izimpawu ezenzeka kubantu abane-insulin ephezulu nephansi kakhulu ziyefana. Njengoba wazi, thayipha isifo sikashukela 1 nohlobo 2 sikhula ngesithombe esifanayo, yize zinezimbangela ezihlukile. Ngalezi kugula, isiguli sizizwa sigula kakhulu, kepha izimpawu zazo zokuqala zingabonakali kakhulu.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi isifo sikashukela yisifo okumele sitholakale ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga eziyingozi. Kuyiqiniso, Izimpawu zayo eziyinhloko ukuntula nokudlula kwe-insulin, kanye noshukela wegazi ophakeme, ngoba le hormone ibhekene nokufakwa kweglucose.
Kepha ungabheka okuqukethwe kwe-insulin egazini kuphela ezimweni zelebhu. Ngakho-ke, ezinye izinkomba ezibonisa ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela kufanele zikhunjulwe. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izici ezilandelayo:
- Ukoma okukhulu;
- Ukuchama ngokweqile;
- Ukwehla kwesisindo okungazelelwe;
- Ukwanda kwesifiso sokudla;
- Isikhumba esomile nesikhanyayo;
- Ukwanda kokucasuka;
- Ukukhathala okungapheli
- Ukuqina emilenzeni;
- Ukuqwasha nokukhubazeka emilenzeni;
- Ukwelashwa kancane kwamanxeba;
- Imikhuhlane ejwayelekile;
- I-cystitis, i-urethritis, ne-candidiasis kwabesifazane;
- I-potency ephansi emadodeni;
- Ukulahlekelwa izinwele
- Ukulimazeka kokubonakalayo kushukela;
- Isifo se-Gum, caries;
- Isikhumba esi-Itchy, isikhumba esijwayelekile.
Ukuba khona kwalezi zimpawu kubantu kungakhombisa ukwephulwa okukhulu kwama-pancreas kanye nokwephulwa kwe-insulin secretion. Lesi simo sidinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha kwezokwelashwa.
Ungakhuphuka kanjani futhi wehlise i-insulin
Njengoba bazi ukuthi yini okufanele ibe ileveli evamile ye-insulin, iziguli eziningi ziyazibuza: kanjani ukukhulisa noma ukwehlisa i-insulin egazini? Lokhu kungenziwa ngempumelelo kusetshenziswa imithi ekhethekile esiza ukulwa nesifo sikashukela.
Ngakho-ke izidakamizwa zokunciphisa ushukela ziyasiza ukwehlisa imfihlo ye-insulin ye-hormone futhi kwehlise ukuqina kwayo emzimbeni onesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Imithi enciphisa i-insulin kumele ithathwe nsuku zonke, ezonciphisa umthwalo kumanyikwe futhi ivikele ukwehla kwawo.
Kepha kubalulekile ukukhetha izidakamizwa ezandisa ukuzwela kwezicubu ukungena ku-insulin futhi ngaleyo ndlela unciphise ukugcwala kweglucose. Akunakusho ukuthi kufanele usebenzise izidakamizwa ezinomphumela wokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin.
Basiza kuphela esigabeni sokuqala salesi sifo, futhi ngokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside balayisha kakhulu amanyikwe futhi bakhuphula izinga le-insulin emzimbeni nangaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bayakwazi ukuqhubekisela phambili lesi sifo sikashukela.
Akunakwenzeka ukuphendula umbuzo wokuthi unganciphisa kanjani izinga le-insulin egazini ngaphandle kokusho ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukulandela ukudla okwelaphayo. Kusetshenziswa ukudla okune-kilojoule ephansi kanye nokudla okuphansi kwe-carb, isiguli sithuthukisa ama-pancreas nokulwa ngesisindo ngokweqile - izimbangela eziphambili zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Khipha i-insulin ephansi ngohlobo 1 sikashukela ngokujova i-insulin. Zibuye zisebenze njenge-insulin, efikelwa emzimbeni womuntu futhi isiza ukugcina amazinga evamile eglucose.
Kubalulekile ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi umuthi onjalo awuphenduki owenziwe inkohliso noma onephutha, ngoba lokhu kungaba yingozi enkulu empilweni yesifo sikashukela. Ukulungiswa kwe-insulin kuhlukaniswe yisikhathi sokusebenza futhi kufushane, kuphakathi futhi kuyisikhathi eside. Zonke ziyizidakamizwa ezibaluleke kakhulu zesiguli esinesifo sikashukela, esithinta isimo sakhe kanye nesikhathi sakhe sokuphila.
Kwisifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin, kufanele kudliwe kuphela ukudla okunenkomba ye-glycemic ephansi. Imikhiqizo enjalo ngeke ibe yingozi ngisho nakwisiguli esikhiqiza i-insulin encane kakhulu. Futhi, kulandela ukudla, akukuhle kakhulu ukuguqula ama-carbohydrate aqukethe ukudla abe amayunithi esinkwa.
Umgomo wesenzo kanye nezinga le-insulin egazini lichazwe kule vidiyo kule ndatshana.
