Izinga loshukela wegazi liyinkomba ebaluleke kakhulu esetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwesifo sikashukela. Indlela yokuphila yanamuhla isekude kakhulu nalena eyiyo: abantu bayeka ukudla ukudla okunempilo, futhi ukuhamba izintaba nemisebenzi engaphandle kwathathelwa indawo yimidlalo yokuhamba neyamavidiyo.
Konke lokhu kuholela ekubukekeni kwesisindo ngokweqile, okuwumngane "wesifo sikashukela".
Lesi sifo sande kakhulu esifundazweni sakithi futhi siphakathi kwamazwe amahlanu aholayo kulesi sigameko. I-World Health Organisation incoma kakhulu ukuthi kuhlolwe ushukela wegazi lomuntu okungenani kabili ngonyaka.
Kungani kunyuka i-glycemia?
Lapho isifo sikashukela sithuthuka, ushukela wegazi ukhuphuka kaningana. Lesi sifo sinemvelo ye-endocrine, ngoba ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwamasosha omzimba, umzimba uqala ukukhiqiza amasosha omzimba emangqamuzaneni akhe e-beta, atholakala kwiziqunjana ze-ispancreas.
Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningana "zokugula okumnandi", okungukuthi izinhlobo ezincike ku-insulin, ezingatheni nge-insulin nezomzimba.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 senzeka ebuntwaneni, ngakho-ke kuthiwa "ulutsha." Odokotela bavame ukuxilonga i-pathology kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10-12. Umehluko omkhulu ovela ohlotsheni lwesibili lwesifo ukuthi ushukela ungenziwa butholakala kuphela ngomjovo we-insulin. Lokhu kungenxa yokungakwazi kwama-pancreas ukukhiqiza i-hormone enciphisa ushukela. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kungumthombo wamandla kuyo yonke ingqamuzana esemzimbeni, ukugcwala kwayo ngokweqile egazini kuholela “kwindlala” esezingeni lamaselula futhi kungaholela ekufeni.
Uhlobo lwesibili lwesifo luba mdala - kusuka eminyakeni engama-40 kuya kwengama-5. Isizathu sokuqala sokuthuthuka kwayo kuthathwa njengokukhuluphala, yize kunezinto eziningi eziningi (ubuhlanga, ubulili, izifo ezihambisanayo, njll.). Ukukhiqizwa okwengeziwe kwe-insulin kwenzeka emzimbeni, kodwa ama-receptors emisipha aqala ukuphendula ngokungalungile kuwo. Le nto ibizwa ngokuthi "ukumelana ne-insulin." Ekutholakalweni kokuqala kwesifo sikashukela, indlela ejwayelekile kashukela wegazi itholakala ngokubheka ukondleka okhethekile nemfundo yomzimba.
Isifo sikashukela se-Gestational luhlobo lwe-pathology ekhula kubantu besifazane abakhulelwe ngenxa yokushintshashintsha kwe-hormonal. Ukwelashwa okusebenzayo kukuvumela ukuthi ukhohlwe ngalesi sifo ngemuva kokubeletha.
Yiziphi izimpawu ezingakhombisa isifo sikashukela? Izimpawu eziphambili i-polyuria kanye nokoma okungapheli. Ngokungeziwe kubo, udinga ukunaka izimpawu ezinjalo zomzimba:
- ukuphathwa yikhanda nokungaphatheki kahle;
- ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi;
- ukugoba noma ukushuba kwemikhawulo engezansi;
- ukomisa emgodini womlomo;
- kwehlise i-acuity ebonakalayo;
- isiyezi, ukulala kabi;
- indlala engenangqondo;
- ukuqubuka esikhumbeni nokulunywa;
- ukunciphisa umzimba;
- ukungahambi kahle kokuya esikhathini;
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkinga ezihambisana nomsebenzi wobulili zingavela.
Ukuhlolwa kweglucose kwegazi
Ngesikhathi eqokwa ne-endocrinologist, ngemuva kokuba isiguli sichaze zonke izimpawu isiguli esinaso, uchwepheshe umyalela ukuthi ayohlolwa
Njengomphumela wokuhlolwa, ungathola inani loshukela egazini.
Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngelebhu yomtholampilo yesikhungo sezokwelapha.
Ukuhlolwa kweglucose kumele kwenziwe kabili ngonyaka kubantu:
- ube nezihlobo ezinesifo sikashukela;
- uphethwe ukukhuluphala kakhulu;
- uhlushwa izifo ze-vascular;
- wabeletha ingane enesisindo okungenani esingu-4.1 kg (abesifazane);
- bawela esigabeni seminyaka engaphezu kweminyaka engama-40.
Ngaphambi kokunikela ngegazi ushukela emahoreni angama-24 edlule, udinga ukulungiselela okuncane, ngoba ukulungiselela okungafanele kokuhlaziywa kungaholela emiphumeleni yamanga. Abantu akufanele bazisebenzele ngokuzikhandla ngokusebenza kanzima futhi bathathe ukudla okusindayo. Kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi udinga ukulahla ngokuphelele ukudla okuqukethe i-carbohydrate, ngoba konke kuyasiza ngokulinganisela.
Njengoba isifundo senziwa ekuseni, iziguli zenqatshelwe ukudla noma yikuphi ukudla kwasekuseni futhi ziphuze neziphuzo, kungaba ikhofi noma itiye. Kuyafaneleka ukwazi ukuthi izici ezilandelayo zithinta inkomba kashukela egazini lomuntu:
- Ukuxineka nokudangala.
- Ukutheleleka kanye ne-pathologies engamahlalakhona.
- Isikhathi sokuzala ingane.
- Ukukhathala ngokweqile, ngokwesibonelo, ngemuva kokuhamba kobusuku.
Uma okungenani esisodwa salezi zinto ezichazwe ngenhla zikhona kumuntu, kuyodingeka ahlolwe igazi. Zidinga ukuqedwa ukuze izinga le-glucose libuyele esimweni salo esejwayelekile.
Izinto ezibonakalayo zithathwa emunweni, ngoba lokhu kuthathwa inani elincane legazi le-capillary. Le ndlela ilula kakhulu futhi idinga imiphumela esheshayo:
- 3.5 - 5.5 mmol / L - inani elijwayelekile (asikho isifo sikashukela);
- 5.6 - 6.1 mmol / l - ukuphambuka kwezinkomba kukhombisa isimo se-prediabetesic;
- ngaphezu kwe-6.1 mmol / l - ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pathology.
Uma ushukela wegazi wedlula u-5.6 noma u-6.1 mmol / L, kwenziwa ezinye izivivinyo, ngokwesibonelo, ucwaningo kuma-C-peptides, bese udokotela ethuthukisa irejimeni yokwelashwa komuntu ngamunye.
Ukuhlolwa komthwalo kanye ne-glycosylated hemoglobin
Kukhona ezinye izindlela zokuthola ushukela wegazi lakho. Ezenzweni zokwelapha, ukuhlolwa kwegazi ushukela kuvame ukwenziwa ngomthwalo. Lokhu kucwaninga kwezinga lesifo sikashukela kufaka izigaba ezimbili.
Esigabeni sokuqala, umuntu uyasampula kusuka kumthambo wesisu ongenalutho. Ngemuva kwalokho uvunyelwe ukuthatha uketshezi olunoshukela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ushukela (100 g) ufakwe emanzini (300 ml). Ngemuva kokuthatha uketshezi olumnandi, impahla isampula njalo ngemizuzu engama-30 amahora amabili.
Ngakho-ke, yini umuntu okufanele abe nayo ushukela wegazi? Ukuze wenze lokhu, amapharamitha ocwaningo ahlukaniswe yilezo ezazinqunywe esiswini esingenalutho, kuthi lezo ezithathwe ngemuva kokuphuza uketshezi olumnandi.
Ithebula elingezansi libonisa ushukela wegazi (okujwayelekile) ecaleni ngalinye.
| Ngemuva kokuthatha uketshezi noshukela | Esiswini esingenalutho | |
| Norm | ngaphansi kuka-7.8 mmol / l | sisuka ku-3.5 siye ku-5.5 mmol / l |
| Izinga lesifo sikashukela | sisuka ku-7.8 kuya ku-11.0 mmol / l | isuka ku-5.6 iye ku-6.1 mmol / l |
| Isifo sikashukela yinto ejwayelekile | ngaphezu kwe-11.1 mmol / l | ngaphezu kwe-6.1 mmol / l |
Ucwaningo olunembe kunazo zonke, kodwa futhi olude kunalo lonke, lokuthola ukuthi ushukela osegazini lesiguli uhlolo lwe-glycosylated hemoglobin. Kwenziwa izinyanga ezingama-2-4. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwenziwa amasampula egazi, bese kukhonjiswa imiphumela emaphakathi yocwaningo.
Kodwa-ke, lapho ukhetha isivivinyo sikashukela segazi esifanele kakhulu, udinga ukugxila ezintweni ezimbili ezibalulekile - ijubane lokufunda nokunemba kwemiphumela.
Izinga likashukela ngokuya ngeminyaka yokudla nokudla
Ngabe yini ushukela wegazi ezinganeni nakubantu abadala? Le nkomba isatshalaliswa iminyaka yobudala, okungukuthi, amanani ahlukile wobudala bokuhlungwa koshukela ahambelana nesigaba ngasinye sobudala.
Iziguli eziningi zisebenzisa itafula elikhethekile ukuthola ukuthi ushukela kufanele abe malini egazini.
| Iminyaka | Izimo Zikashukela Wegazi |
| Babies | Ukulinganisa akuvame ukwenziwa, ngoba okuqukethwe kweglucose kuhluka kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi |
| Izingane (iminyaka engama-3-6 ubudala) | 3.3 - 5.4 mmol / L |
| Izingane (iminyaka engu-6-11 ubudala) | 3.3 - 5.5 mmol / L |
| Intsha (iminyaka engu-12-16) | 3.3 - 5.6 mmol / L |
| Abantu abadala (iminyaka eyi-14-61 ubudala) | 4.1 - 5.9 mmol / L |
| Omdala (iminyaka engama-62 nangaphezulu) | 4.6 - 6.4 mmol / L |
| Ubudala obuthuthukisiwe (ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-90) | 4.2 - 6.7 mmol / l |
Ukuphambuka okuncane kwabesifazane abakhulelwe kanye nabantu abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-40 kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile. Ngempela, ezimweni ezinjalo, izinguquko ze-hormonal zidlala indima.
Izinga loshukela wegazi ngemuva kokudla lungahluka. Le yinqubo eqondakala ngokuphelele, ngoba ngemuva kokudla emzimbeni womuntu, iphesenti le-glucose hhayi kuphela kodwa nezinye izinto liyanda.
| Ububanzi bamanani esiswini esingenalutho, i-mmol / l | Amahora angu-0.8-1.1 emva kokudla, mmol / l | Amanani wegazi ajwayelekile ngemuva kwamahora ama-2 wokungenisa, ama-mmol / l | Ukuxilongwa |
| 5,5-5,7 | 8,9 | 7,8 | Ukuphilile (ushukela ojwayelekile) |
| 7,8 | 9,0-12 | 7,9-11 | Isimo se-Prediabetesic (inani likashukela ophezulu kubantu abadala) |
| 7.8 nokuningi | 12.1 nangaphezulu | 11.1 nokuningi | Isifo sikashukela mellitus (hhayi okwejwayelekile) |
Ngokuqondene nezingane, eminyakeni yazo inqubo evamile yoshukela wegazi kubhekwa njengabantu abadala. Kodwa-ke, amandla okuqanjwa kwamakhompiyutha e-carbohydrate ezinganeni anamanani aphansi. Ithebula elilandelayo lisiza ukunquma ukuthi isilinganiselo se-glucose kufanele sibe yini ngemuva kokudla.
| Inkomba esiswini esingenalutho, i-mmol / l | Amahora angu-0.8-1.1 emva kokudla, mmol / l | Amanani wegazi ajwayelekile ngemuva kwamahora ama-2 wokungenisa, ama-mmol / l | Ukuxilongwa |
| 3,3 | 6,1 | 5,1 | Uyaphila |
| 6,1 | 9,0-11,0 | 8,0-10,0 | Isifo sikashukela |
| 6,2 | 11,1 | 10,1 | Isifo sikashukela mellitus |
Lezi zinkomba ziyinkomba, ngoba ezinganeni, kaningi kakhulu kunabantu abadala, kukhona ukwehla noma ukwanda kwezinga le-gluline yomngcele. Uyini umkhuba ushukela wengane onqunywa kuphela yisazi se-endocrinologist.
Ungazihlola kanjani ushukela ngokwakho?
Uma abanye abantu bedinga ukunikela ngegazi ushukela kanye ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, lapho-ke abanesifo sikashukela kufanele bahlole i-glycemia yabo izikhathi eziningana ngosuku.
Ukunquma inqubo ejwayelekile kashukela, udinga ithuluzi elikhethekile - i-glucometer. Idivayisi kumele ihlangabezane nezidingo ezinjengejubane, ukunemba, lula kanye nezindleko ezifanele.
Ngakho-ke, i-glucometer yomenzi wasendlini i-Satellite ihlangabezana nazo zonke lezi zidingo. Kwi-Intanethi ungathola izibuyekezo eziningi ezinhle mayelana nedivayisi.
Izinzuzo eziningi ze-glucometer zifaka okulandelayo:
- Kudingeka ithonsi legazi elincane ukubheka ukuthi ushukela onesifo sikashukela unakho kanjani.
- Imemori yangaphakathi yedivayisi ingagcina izilinganiso ezingama-60;
- Ukuba khona kwe-auto kulabo abakhohlwa ukuzenza ngokwabo.
Udinga ukwazi imithetho yokuthatha igazi ekhaya. Okokuqala udinga ukufunda ngokucophelela imiyalo yokusebenzisa idivaysi, bese ulandela lezi zinyathelo:
- Geza izandla ngensipho bese ukhulisa umunwe lapho kuzokwenziwa khona i-punning.
- Sula indawo yokubhoboza nge-antiseptic.
- Yenza ukubhula usebenzisa isikhafu.
- Consa ithonsi legazi lesibili kwi-strip ekhethekile yokuhlola.
- Faka umucu wokuhlola kumitha.
- Linda kuze kube yilapho ingqikithi iboniswa kusibonisi sedivayisi.
Iglue glucose iyinkomba ebalulekile ngenxa yokuthi udokotela uthi umuntu unesifo sikashukela. Kodwa-ke, kubuyela kokujwayelekile lapho isiguli sigcina le mithetho elandelayo:
- kudla ukudla okunamafutha amancane futhi kukhawulele ukungena kwama-carbohydrate angagayeka kalula;
- ohileleke njalo ekwelashweni ngokomzimba;
- uthatha izidakamizwa ezidingekayo esimweni sikashukela.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ngonyaka ka-2017, kwase kulungiselelwe uhlu lwezidakamizwa ezikhethekile, ngakho-ke abantu abanesifo sikashukela manje sebekwazi ukubhala imidwebo yokwamukela izidakamizwa ezidingekayo.
Ukuthi ushukela ungashintsha yini ngokuya ngeminyaka, ukungena kokudla nezinye izinto sekuvele kuhleliwe. Into esemqoka ukuhola impilo enempilo, khona-ke izinga leshukela lizobuyela kwelejwayelekile.
Ochwepheshe bazokhuluma ngesilinganiso sikashukela wegazi kule vidiyo ekule ndatshana.
