Izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-metabolic zenzeka njalo emzimbeni. Uma ephulwa, khona-ke kwakheka izimo ezahlukahlukene ze-pathological, okokuqala, inani likashukela egazini likhuphuka.
Ukunquma ukuthi ngabe izinga elijwayelekile likashukela wegazi likwabantu abadala, kusetshenziswa izivivinyo zokuxilonga eziningana. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kunqunyelwe hhayi kuphela ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okwelashwa okujwayelekile, kodwa futhi nokuhlolwa kwezitho ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, ngokwelashwa okuvamile kanye ne-endocrinology.
Okokuqala, izifundo ziyadingeka ukuthola isithombe se-carbohydrate metabolism futhi uqinisekise noma uphike ukutholakala kwesifo sikashukela. Uma inkomba iba yi-pathological, kufanele ihlonzwe ngesikhathi nge-hemoglobin ye-glycated, kanye nezinga lokuthola ushukela weglucose.
Izinkomba ezijwayelekile
Ukuqonda amathuba okuthola izifo ezingathi sína, udinga ukwazi ukuthi isisekelo se-ushukela segazi esikhona kubantu abadala nasezinganeni. Inani ushukela emzimbeni lilawulwa insulin.
Uma kungekho ivolumu eyanele yaleli hormone, noma izicubu zingaboni kahle, khona-ke umthamo woshukela uyakhuphuka.
Inkomba ithintwa ngu:
- ukudla kwamafutha ezilwane
- ukubhema
- ukucindezelwa okungapheli nokucindezelwa.
I-WHO isungula izinkomba ezithile zoshukela wegazi, okujwayelekile kuyafana kungakhathalekile ubulili, kepha kuyahluka ngokuya ngeminyaka. Izinga leglucose kubantu abadala liboniswa ku-mmol / l:
- kusuka ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya enyangeni yobudala: 2.8-4.4,
- kusuka enyangeni eyodwa kuya eminyakeni eyi-14: 3.3-5.5,
- emva kweminyaka eyi-14 nangaphezulu: 3.5-5.5.
Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi umzimba ulimaza kunoma iyiphi yalezi zinketho, ngoba amathuba okuvela kwezinkinga ezahlukahlukene nokukhubazeka kuyanda.
Lapho umuntu esegugile, nezitho zakhe ezibucayi ziba ne-insulin, njengoba amanye ama-receptors efa, nesisindo somzimba sanda.
Amanani ahlukahlukene angaqashelwa, kuya endaweni yesampula yegazi. Isimo segazi le-venous esisezingeni le-3.5-6.5, negazi le-capillary kufanele sisuke ku-3.5-5,5 mmol / L.
Isikhombi sikhulu kunenani le-6.6 mmol / l kubantu abaphilile akwenzeki. Uma imitha ikhombisa inani eliphakeme ngendlela engajwayelekile, kufanele ukhulume nodokotela wakho bese ngokushesha unqamula izinqubo ezibekiwe zokuxilonga.
Kuyadingeka ukuvumelanisa ijika lezinkomba ezitholakele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukuhlanganisa izinkomba ezitholakele ngokuboniswa kwe-pathology. Lezi zenzo kufanele zenziwe udokotela wakho. Ubuye anqume esiteji sikashukela noma ukuba khona kwesimo se-prediabetesic.
Uma okuqukethwe ushukela kudlulwa kancane, futhi ukuhlaziywa kwegazi le-capillary kukhombisa inani kusuka ku-5.6 kuye ku-6.1, futhi kusuka kumthambo osuka ku-6.1 kuye ku-7 mmol / l, khona-ke lokhu kukhombisa isimo se-prediabetesic - ukwehla kokubekezelelana kwe-glucose.
Uma umphumela ungaphezulu kwe-7 mmol / L kusuka emthanjeni, futhi kusukela ngomunwe ngaphezu kuka-6.1, ukuba khona kwesifo sikashukela kufanele kuqashelwe. Ukuthola isithombe esiphelele somtholampilo, kuyadingeka futhi ukuhlaziya i-glycated hemoglobin.
Ushukela ojwayelekile ezinganeni futhi ukhombisa itafula elikhethekile. Uma izinga likashukela wegazi lingafiki ku-3.5 mmol / L, lokhu kusho ukuthi kune-hypoglycemia. Izimbangela zoshukela ophansi zingaba ngokomzimba noma nge-pathological.
Igazi likashukela kufanele nalo linikelwe ukuhlaziya ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela. Uma ushukela ngaphambi kokudla noma amahora ambalwa ngemuva kokuthi kuzobe kungabi ngaphezu kuka-10 mmol / l, bese ukhuluma ngoshukela onxephekiwe wohlobo lokuqala.
Ngohlobo 2 sikashukela, kusetshenziswa imithetho yokuhlola eqinile. Esiswini esingenalutho, izinga le-glucose akufanele libe ngaphezu kuka-6 mmol / l, ngesikhathi sosuku isibalo akufanele sibe ngaphezulu kuka-8.25 mmol / l.
Abantu abanesifo sikashukela kudingeka basebenzise imitha njalo ukufunda izibalo zabo zoshukela. Lokhu kuzosiza itafula, elihambelana nobudala. Bobabili abanesifo sikashukela nabantu abaphilile badinga ukuqapha indlela abadla ngayo futhi bagweme nokudla okunama-carbohydrate amaningi.
Ngesikhathi sokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwe-hormonal kwenzeka. Ngalesi sikhathi, inqubo ye-carbohydrate metabolism nayo iyashintsha. Kwabesifazane, ukuhlolwa kweshukela kwegazi kufanele kwenziwe njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, izinkomba zikashukela zizoba ngaphezulu, isibalo singafinyelela ku-6.3 mmol / L. Uma inani lifinyelela ku-7 mmol / l, lesi yisizathu sokubhekwa kwezokwelashwa. Izinga likashukela kwabesilisa likububanzi obungu-3.3-5.6 mmol / L.
Kukhona nethebula elikhethekile lezinkomba ezijwayelekile kubantu ngemuva kweminyaka engama-60.
Izimpawu ze-glucose ye-pathological
Njengomthetho, lapho amazinga kashukela edlulwa ngaphezu kwamanani avumelekile, umuntu uqala ukuzwa izimpawu ezithile. Okokuqala, kunomuzwa onamandla wokoma, ovame ukuphazamisa indlela yokuphila ejwayelekile.
Uma umzimba ungakwazi ukugcina ushukela evamile, izinso ziqala ukusebenza ngokuzikhandla ukuhlunga ngokweqile. Umzimba uqala ukuthatha umswakama kusuka ezicutshini, okuholela ekuchama njalo.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela nazo yilezi:
- ukukhathala
- ukusebenza ngokweqile
- isiyezi
- umuzwa wokudideka.
Uma i-glucose ingangeni emangqamuzaneni, isegazini futhi amangqamuzana ahlushwa ukuntuleka kwamandla. Ngakho-ke, umuntu uzizwa ekhathele noma elele. Ikhanda lingabuye ligwedle, ngoba ubuchopho budinga ushukela, kanti nokushoda kwalo kungaholela ekuphazamisekeni kokusebenza.
Ushukela ungagxuma ngokushesha emuva ingilazi evamile yejusi yemvelo emnandi. Uma isiyezi sabonwa njalo, kufanele uthinte udokotela ukuze ushintshe indlela odla ngayo futhi unikeze nezifundo izifundo.
Umfutho wegazi ophakeme nesifo sikashukela kuyizizathu ezimbili ezinquma i-pathology yezinso futhi kuholele ekusebenzeni kokulimazeka kokulimala. Ngenxa yalokhu, uketshezi olwedlulele luqongelela emzimbeni, ngenxa yokuthi izingalo nemilenze iyavuvukala.
Ukulimala komgogodla kusebenza futhi njengokubonakaliswa kwamazinga kashukela we-pathological. Njengomphumela, ukubekelwa phansi kwemikhawulo kuqala lapho izinga lokushisa langaphandle liguquka.
Ngomfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nenani elikhulu le-glucose, amehlo ayonakala, futhi i-acuity ebonakalayo iyancishiswa. I-retinopathy yenzeka ngenxa yomonakalo emikhunjini ye-intraocular, ebhekwa njengengxaki evamile. Kufanele kuboniswane nodokotela uma:
- inkungu
- amaphuzu
- imigqa
- ukugqashuka.
Kukhona ezinye izinkomba:
- ukuphazamiseka kwesisu: ukuqunjelwa, isifo sohudo, ukungahambi kahle,
- ukunciphisa umzimba ngokweqile
- ukutheleleka kwesikhumba,
- amanxeba angapholi isikhathi eside.
Isheke Likashukela
Ukuthola izinga loshukela egazini lomuntu okhulile noma wengane, udinga ukunikela ngegazi esiswini esingenalutho.
Udokotela unquma ukuthi angakuthola kuphi ukuhlaziya: kusuka kuthambo noma kusuka emunweni. Ungenza ucwaningo esikhungweni sezokwelapha, le ndlela ibhekwa njengenembe ngangokunokwenzeka. Ungasebenzisa futhi i-glucometer ephathekayo. Ukwazi ukuthi yini ushukela wegazi okufanele ube yikho kubantu abadala, udinga ukuqhathanisa imiphumela nakho.
Ukuhlaziywa kudinga kuphela ithonsi legazi elincane. Amanani kashukela aboniswa kwimitha ngemuva kokulinganisa imizuzwana eyishumi. Uma idivaysi inikeza ubufakazi bokuthi ushukela wegazi uphezulu kakhulu, ukuhlaziywa okuphindaphindekayo kufanele kwenziwe emtholampilo.
Ngemuva kokuthola imiphumela edingekayo, udokotela unquma isu lokwelashwa. Izilinganiso ezinjalo ziyadingeka esigabeni sokuqala sikashukela. Ukuhlaziywa kungenziwa ngaphambi nangemva kokudla, okungcono ekuseni.
Uma izimpawu zivela njalo, futhi zimenyezwa, khona-ke, njengomthetho, ukuhlaziywa okukodwa esiswini esingenalutho kwanele. Uma kungekho zimpawu ezibonakalayo zesifo sikashukela, kepha ngesilinganiso se-glucose ephezulu, udinga ukuhlaziya kabili. Ukuhlolwa koshukela egazini kwenziwa futhi ngemuva kokudla. Kunconyelwa ukwengeza ukutholwa ngokuhlaziywa kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated.
Lapho wenza ukuxilongwa, zonke izindlela ezithathiwe ziyabukwa:
- kusuka emthanjeni
- kusuka emunweni.
Abaningi, ngaphambi kokuthatha ukuhlaziya, baqala ukulandela ukudla okuqinile, okungalungile. Ngenxa yalokhu, ushukela wegazi uvame ukungathembeki. Odokotela abancomi ukudla ukudla okuningi okumnandi nokudla okubhemayo ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa.
Ukunemba kwezinqubo zokuxilonga kuthinteka:
- i-pathologies ethile
- ukugula kakhulu
- izimo zokucindezela ngemuva.
Akufanele ulinganise ushukela kubantu bobabili ubulili uma bengalali ngokwanele futhi bekhathele kakhulu. Qiniseka ukuthi wenza isifundo njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kubantu ngemuva kweminyaka engamashumi amane. Kuyafaneleka ukunaka ngokukhethekile isimo sakho kulabo onina onesifo sikashukela sanoma yiluphi uhlobo.
Kufanele ubheke ukusebenza kwakho ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kanye nesisindo ngokweqile kanye nesimo sofuzo kusoshukela.
Imininingwane yokugcina
Ucwaningo lokubona inani le-glucose esegazini inqubo ebaluleke kakhulu yokuxilonga, ekuvumela ukuthi ukhombe ama-pathologies ahlukahlukene omzimba. Ukuhlaziywa kuvame ukwenziwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ukukhomba isimo samanje se-fetus nowesifazane, kanye nokukhipha noma ukuqinisekisa isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa.
Ngosizo lokwenza ucwaningo ngenani le-glucose kuphela lapho singathola khona ukuthi i-insulin isebenza kanjani nokuthi ukulawulwa kwenani le-glucose egazini kwenzeka kanjani. Ngaphambi kokuyalela noma yimuphi umuntu ukuthi ahlaziye ushukela egazini, udokotela kufanele azitholele zonke izifo zakhe ukuze umphumela ungahlanekezelwe.
Uma, ngokuhlaziywa kwesikhathi esisodwa kwegazi le-venous, izinga le-glucose, ngokwesibonelo, licishe libe ngu-7 mmol / l, khona-ke isinqumo siyenziwa ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela kwe-glucose.
Ukubekezelelwa kwe-glucose kuncipha ngokucindezela isikhathi eside nokuntuleka kwamaphethini okulala ajwayelekile. Ababhemayo okungapheli kufanele bazi ukuthi ukubhema akuvunyelwe amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa ushukela. Ukudla kungathathwa kuphela ngobusuku bangaphambilini, amahora ayishumi ngaphambi komcimbi.
Ungabuza igama elifanele lokuhlolwa kweshukela esikhungweni sezempilo. Uma kukhona i-Symbomatology, kusho ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ngaphansi kokuqashwa njalo ngudokotela.
Okokuqala, uhlobo oluncike ku-insulin yesifo sikashukela, kuhlolwa ushukela kufanele kwenziwe isikhathi ngasinye lapho kubhalwa umthamo we-insulin njalo. Ekhaya, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-glucometer esezingeni eliphakeme njalo. Uma udokotela ethi kunesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, isifundo siyaphoqelekile ekuseni, ihora emva kokudla, futhi ngaphambi kokulala.
Ukuze ulondoloze ngempumelelo ushukela wegazi kuma-diabetes, kubalulekile ukulandela ngokuqinile izincomo zokwelashwa. Ukunxephezelwa kwalesi sifo kuzosiza ukuthatha imishanguzo efanele yemithi ebekiwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukunamathela njalo ekudleni okwelapha, ukugwema ukusetshenziswa kwezitsha ezinamafutha, ezinoshukela nezinongo. Kubalulekile futhi ukuhola impilo esebenzayo. Ukuhamba nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kuzosiza.
Mayelana ne-glycemia ejwayelekile kubantu abadala ichazwe kule vidiyo kule ndatshana.
