Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sithathwa njengesifo esizimele. Kodwa-ke, umkhuba wezokwelapha ukhombisa ukuthi iningi leziguli ezinalesi sifo, esigabeni esithile se-pathology, zidinga imijovo ye-hormone.
Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kunconyelwa ukufeza izinhloso ezithile. Owokuqala wayo ukulungiselela isiguli ukuthi sihlinzwe noma lapho kukhona izifo ezinzima zesimo esithathelwanayo.
Esimweni sesibili, kwethulwa i-insulin ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kokudla, ukusebenza komzimba, nokuthatha umuthi. Lesi simo ukuphela kwendlela yokunciphisa i-glycemia.
Ekwelashweni kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, i-insulin ibekwe kumthamo ngamunye, okufanele unamathelwe ngokuqinile. Ukwehluleka ukulandela izincomo zikadokotela oholayo kungaholela esimweni se-hypoglycemic, egcwele i-coma.
Kungani ukulungiselela i-insulin kudinga iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela? Kukuziphi izimo lapho kunconyelwa khona ukuphatha i-hormone, nokuthi uwukhetha kanjani umuthi? Ngabe i-insulin ilindelwe kuliphi izinga loshukela wegazi? Sizophendula le mibuzo neminye esihlokweni.
Izimpawu Zesifo Sikashukela
Ngaphambi kokuthola ukuthi i-insulin idingeka kanjani i-pathology yohlobo lwesibili, sithola ukuthi iziphi izimpawu ezibonisa ukukhula kwesifo "esimnandi". Ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo zesifo kanye nezimpawu zomuntu ngamunye ogulayo, ukubonakaliswa komtholampilo kuhlukaniswe kancane.
Ezenzakalweni zokwelashwa, izimpawu zihlukaniswe izibonakaliso eziphambili, kanye nezimpawu zesibili. Uma isiguli sinesifo sikashukela, izimpawu ziyi-polyuria, i-polydipsia, ne-polygraphy. Lezi yizici ezintathu eziphambili.
Ubunzima besithombe somtholampilo buxhomeka ekuzwelweni komzimba ekukhuphukeni koshukela wegazi, kanye nezinga laso. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ekuhlushweni okufanayo, iziguli zithola ukuqina kwezimpawu ezahlukahlukene.
Cabanga ngezimpawu ngokuningiliziwe:
- I-Polyuria ibonakala ngokuchama kaningi nangokuphrofethayo, ukwanda kwamandla athile okuchama ngosuku. Imvamisa, ushukela akufanele ube semchameni, kepha nge-T2DM, ushukela uyabonakala ngokuhlolwa kwelebhu. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela bavame ukusebenzisa indlu yangasese ebusuku, njengoba ushukela oqokiwe ushiya umzimba ngomchamo, okuholela ekuphelelwe ngamandla emzimbeni.
- Isibonakaliso sokuqala sihambisana kakhulu nesesibili - i-polydipsia, ebonakala ngesifiso sokuphuza njalo. Ukuqeda ukoma kunzima ngokwanele, ungasho okuningi, cishe akunakwenzeka.
- Ukuphrinta futhi “kungokoma”, kepha hhayi okokuphuza, kepha ukudla - isiguli sidla okuningi, futhi ngasikhathi sinye asikwazi ukwanelisa indlala yaso.
Ngohlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela mellitus, ngokumelene nesizinda sokudla okwandayo, ukwehla okukhulu kwesisindo somzimba kuyabonakala. Uma isikhathi singagxili kulesi simo, isithombe siholela ekuwohlokeni komzimba.
Izimpawu ezincane ze-endocrine pathology:
- Ukulunywa kwesikhumba, ulwelwesi lwe-mucous lwesitho sangasese.
- Ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ukukhathala okungamahlalakhona, ukusebenza okuncane komzimba kuholela ekukhathaleni okukhulu.
- Ukomisa emlonyeni okwamunwa yi-fluid akunakunqotshwa.
- Imvamisa ejwayelekile.
- Izinkinga ngesikhumba, okunzima ukuzelapha ngemithi.
- Ukwehla kwezandla nezinyawo, ukungaboni kahle, umkhuhlane ojwayelekile kanye nezifo zokuphefumula, ukutheleleka ngomkhuhlane.
Kanye nezibonakaliso eziphambili nezesekondari, lesi sifo sibonakaliswa yibo abathile - ukwehla kwesimo sokuzivikela komzimba, ukuncipha komkhawulo wezinhlungu, izinkinga ngekhono le-erectile emadodeni.
Izinkomba zokwelashwa kwe-insulin
Izinkomba eziphambili zokuphatha umuthi ukwephulwa kokusebenza kwamanyikwe. Njengoba lesi sitho sangaphakathi sibamba iqhaza kuzo zonke izinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni, futhi ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza kwaso kuholela kokungasebenzi kahle kwezinye izinhlelo zangaphakathi nezitho zomzimba.
Amaseli weBeta anesibopho sokukhiqiza izinto zemvelo ezanele. Kodwa-ke, ngezinguquko ezihlobene nobudala emzimbeni phakathi kwezinkinga ne-pancreas, inani lamaseli asebenzayo liyancipha, okuholela kwisidingo sokuqokwa kwe-insulin.
Izibalo zezokwelapha zibonisa ukuthi "okuhlangenwe nakho" kwe-endocrine pathology yeminyaka engu-7-8, ngobuningi bezithombe zemitholampilo, kudinga umuthi.
Umuthi ubekwa kubani futhi nini? Bheka izizathu zokuqokwa kwalolu hlobo lwesibili lokugula:
- Isimo se-hyperglycemic, ikakhulukazi, inani likashukela lingaphezulu kwamayunithi ayi-9,0. Lokho wukuthi, ukubola kwesi sifo isikhathi eside.
- Ukuphuza imithi ngokusekelwe kuma-sulfonylureas.
- Ukuphelelwa ngamandla kwepancreatic.
- Ukweqisa kwama-pathologies we-concomitant chronic.
- Kusuka ezinhlobonhlobo zesifo sikashukela seLada; izimo ezi-acute (ama-pathologies athathelanayo, ukulimala kanzima).
- Isikhathi sokuzala kwengane.
Iziguli eziningi zizama ngazo zonke izindlela ukubambezela usuku lapho kufanele zifake insulin. Eqinisweni, akukho okufanele sikhathazeke ngakho, ngokuhlukile, kunendlela enikeziwe esiza labo abahlushwa yisifo esingamahlalakhona ukuba baphile impilo ephelele.
Ukuzilolonga kukhombisa ukuthi kungekudala, i-insulin ibekelwe uhlobo 2 sikashukela. Leli phuzu lokwelashwa aligcini nje ngokunciphisa izimpawu ezingezinhle, kodwa futhi livimbela ukuqhubeka kwesifo, liphikisela emuva imiphumela engemihle engaba khona.
Inhloso yohlelo olunjalo kumele iqinisekiswe, ngaphandle kwalokho izodlala indima elimazayo.
Kungani kunqunyelwa i-hormone?
Kungani kulungiswa i-insulin ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela? Lapho ukuhlushwa kweglucose kudlula uphawu lwamayunithi angama-9.0, khona-ke le nkomba kashukela ithinta kabi ukusebenza kwamaseli we-pancreatic beta.
I-glycemia ephakeme ngokungapheliyo iholela eqinisweni lokuthi ukuthi kungenzeka ukuzikhiqizela kwezinto zemvelo kuvinjelwe emzimbeni womuntu. Isimo esinjalo se-pathological sibizwa ngokuthi yi-glucotoxicity ekusebenzeni kwezokwelapha.
I-Glucotoxicity isho ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone ngokusebenzisa amanyikwe ngokuphendula amazinga e-glucose emzimbeni. Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha baphawule ukuthi i-glycemia ephezulu esiswini esingenalutho izoqala ukuthuthuka ngemuva kokudla.
Kulesi simo, lesi simo asibandakanywa, ngenxa yokuthi kubhekwa inani elinganele, okungavumeli ukungalingani nenani loshukela oluqoqwe egazini. Isimo esingama-hyperglycemic esingapheli siholela ekufeni kwamaseli we-beta we-pancreas, ngokulandelana, ukukhiqizwa kuncishiswa kakhulu.
Ngenxa yalokhu, ukugcwala kwe-glucose emzimbeni womuntu kuhlala kuphezulu - ngaphambi kokudla, ngemuva kokudla, ebusuku, ngesikhathi somsebenzi womzimba, njll.
Ngaphandle kosizo lwangaphandle ngokumelene nesizinda sesimo se-pathological esinjalo, umuntu akakwazi ukukwenza, isiguli sifakwa nge-insulin. Umthamo ubekiwe ngawodwana, ama-nuances anjengobudala besiguli, umuthi, ukudla, njll. Ayabhekwa.
Ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili, ukwelashwa kwe-insulin yesikhashana kusiza ukubuyisela amaseli we-pancreatic, asiza ukuthuthukisa izinto zawo. Ukufakwa kukhanseliwe ngesisekelo socwaningo ngezinkomba zoshukela. Ukuhlaziywa kwenziwa kunoma yisiphi isikhungo sezokwelapha.
Ukwelashwa kohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela esine-insulin kwenziwa kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezidakamizwa, ezikuvumela ukuthi ukhethe uhlobo lokuthola ukwelashwa olufanele lolo hlobo 1 sikashukela nesineke 2.
Njengomthetho, ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo se-endocrine, imijovo ye-insulin ayinqunyelwe ukwedlula kabili ngosuku. Iziguli eziningi ziyazibuza ukuthi ingabe izidakamizwa eziqukethe i-insulin zingalahlwa.
Umbuzo onjalo uhlala uhambisana nokwesaba okungaphansi kweziguli ukuthi imijovo izodingeka kukho konke impilo. Eqinisweni, ziyadingeka ukubuyisela ukusebenza okugcwele kwama-pancreas.
Ngemuva kokujwayelekile kwe-glycemic, imijovo ingakhanselwa, ngemuva kokuthi iziguli ziphuze izidakamizwa zokuqinisa ushukela egreyini eliqondisiwe.
Awukwazi ukunciphisa ngokuzimela umthamo lapho isimo sithuthuka, kwenqatshelwe ukufaka umuthi owodwa komunye.
Ukuphathwa kwe-insulin yohlobo 2 sikashukela mellitus: umphumela wokwelapha
Isidingo se-insulin ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela asithandabuzi. Ukusebenza isikhathi eside kwezokwelapha kufakazele ukuthi kuyasiza ukwelula impilo yesiguli, kuyilapho ngasikhathi sinye kube nemiphumela emibi isikhathi eside.
Kungani ngidinga ukujova ama-hormone? Le nhloso iphishekela umgomo owodwa - ukufeza nokugcina ukugxila okuqondisiwe kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated, ushukela esiswini esingenalutho nangemva kokudla.
Uma ngokuvamile, i-insulin yesifo sikashukela iyindlela yokukusiza uzizwe ujabule, ngenkathi yehlisa ijubane ekuqhubekeni kwe-pathology eyisisekelo, futhi ivikele nezinkinga ezingalapheki ezingapheli.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-insulin kunikeza imiphumela elandelayo yokwelashwa:
- Ukwethulwa kwemithi ebekiwe kunganciphisa i-glycemia, kokubili esiswini esingenalutho nangemva kokudla.
- Ukwanda ukukhiqizwa kwe-pancreatic hormone ekuphenduleni ngesishukela noma ekudleni kokudla.
- Ukwehla kwe-gluconeogenesis kuyindlela ye-metabolic eholela ekwakhekeni ushukela kusuka ezindaweni ezingezona i-carbohydrate.
- Ukukhiqizwa kweglue glucose.
- Yehliswe lipolysis ngemuva kokudla.
- I-glycation ephansi yezinto ezinamaprotheni emzimbeni.
Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin ngohlobo 2 sikashukela kunomthelela omuhle kuma-metabolism wama-carbohydrate, lipids namaprotheni emzimbeni womuntu. Kuyasiza ukwenza kusebenze ukubekwa phansi nokucindezelwa kokuwohloka koshukela, ama-lipids nama-amino acid.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibuye ijwayele ukuhanjwa kwezinkomba ngenxa yokwanda kokuhanjiswa kwe-glucose ezingeni lamaselula, futhi nangenxa yokuvinjelwa kokukhiqizwa kwayo ngesibindi.
I-hormone ikhuthaza i-lipogenesis esebenzayo, ivimbela ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha asimahla emetabolism yamandla, ivuselela ukukhiqizwa kwamaprotheni, futhi ivimbela nokuqina kwemisipha.
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus ne-insulin
I-insulin inqunywa nini? Njengoba sekushiwo, kunezinkomba ezithile zale nhloso. Ngamanye amagama, ukusetshenziswa kungenxa yalezo zithombe zomtholampilo lapho ezinye izindlela zendlela yokuthatha umuthi, ukusebenza ngokomzimba, ukondleka okufanele, zingazange zinikeze umphumela odingekayo wolwelwesi.
Akunakudingeka ukuthi unqabe ukunquma i-insulin ngenxa yokwesaba imijovo, ukunamathela njalo kwifomu lomthamo. Ngempela, ngaphandle kwalokhu, umzimba uqala "ukuwa", okuzoholela ezifweni ezihambelana nawo.
Kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi iziguli ziqale ukujova i-insulin ngokwesaba, kepha ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi ziyakuqaphela ukusebenza kwalokhu kwelashwa. Iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthi uma kungenzeka ukuqala ukwelashwa ngesikhathi, lapho amaseli we-beta engakafi, khona-ke lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ubuyise ukusebenza kwamanyikwe nokudlula kwesikhathi ukulahla ukusetshenziswa kwawo.
Ukwenza i-insulin yokwelapha isifo sikashukela kunezici:
- Kuyadingeka ukunamathela ngokuqinile ohlelweni lokulawulwa kwe-insulin ngohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela, kubalulekile ukugcina umthamo kanye nokuvama kokuphatha.
- Amathuluzi anamuhla akuvumela ukukala izinhlungu. Lapho kuthengiswa khona kukhona amapeni akhethekile ayoliswe ngomuthi, bese anamathiselwa endaweni oyifunayo, ngokucindezela inkinobho kunikeza okokufaka kwento.
- Ukufakwa kungenziwa ethangeni, izingalo, imilenze, isisu (ngaphandle kwenkaba).
Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin ngesifo sikashukela kudinga ukubambelela ngokuqinile kukho konke ukwelulekwa ngudokotela.
Ukwelapha ngokunengqondo kukuvumela ukuthi uphile impilo ephelele noshukela wegazi ojwayelekile.
Yikuphi i-insulin okungcono?
Iziguli eziningi zikholelwa ukuthi uma kutholakala ukuthi isifo sikashukela, khona-ke impilo isiphelile. Eqinisweni, isithombe siphambene, i-insulin yokwelapha isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ivumela ushukela ukuthi udonswe ezingeni lamaselula, ngenxa yalokho kunikezwa amandla agodliwe wezitho zangaphakathi nezinhlelo.
Ukuze ulingise ukuvikelwa kwe-basal, udokotela angakunikeza umuthi wesikhathi esiphakathi noma ukubonakaliswa kwe-Ultra-Long. Eyokuqala ifaka amagama anjalo ezidakamizwa: insulin Protafan NM, Insuman Bazal; eqenjini lesibili - iTresiba, uLantus.
Uma umthamo wesidakamizwa ukhethwe ngokwanele, khona-ke ushukela wegazi "ume" endaweni: awukhuphuki noma unciphise. Leli nani ligcinwa ezingeni elidingakalayo amahora angama-24.
I-insulin elula yokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela ingeniswa kanjena: phakathi kokudla nomjovo, kugcinwa igebe lemizuzu engama-30. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze inani eliphakeme lomphumela womuthi liwe lapho kunokwanda ushukela.
Ikuphi i-insulin enhle kakhulu? Mhlawumbe lo ngumbuzo ophuthumayo kakhulu ezigulini eziqaphele ngokuphelele ukuthi bekungeke kwenzeke ukugwema ukwelashwa. Kunzima ukuphendula lo mbuzo, ngoba kunenqwaba yezinganekwane nemibono eyiphutha mayelana nokuphathwa kwecebo elinjalo.
Iqiniso elimangalisayo ukuthi akuzona iziguli kuphela ezinephutha, kodwa futhi nodokotela, ngokulandelana, umuthi ongcono kakhulu ngulo okuvumela ukuthi unxephezele i-pathology.
Imininingwane eyengeziwe: umsoco nemidlalo
Njengoba usufundile ukuthi bajova isifo sikashukela, indlela yokukhetha umuthi, futhi uma udinga ukukwenza lokhu, cabanga ngamaphuzu aphambili ekwelashweni kwe-pathology. Ngeshwa, akunakwenzeka ukuqeda ushukela ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, ukuphela kwendlela yokwandisa isikhathi sokuphila nokunciphisa izinkinga zokujova.
Kungalimaza ini i-insulin? Kukhona iphuzu elingelibi ekwelashweni kohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela ngokuphathwa kwehomoni. Iqiniso ngukuthi uma ujove umuthi, kuholela kusethi lwamaphawundi angeziwe.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ku-insulin siyingozi enkulu yokukhuluphala, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthi isiguli senze ezemidlalo ukukhulisa ukuzwela kwezicubu ezithambile. Ukuze inqubo yokwelashwa isebenze, kunakwa ngokukhethekile ezondlweni.
Uma ukhuluphele, kubalulekile ukulandela ukudla okunama-kilojoule amancane, unciphise inani lamafutha nama-carbohydrate kwimenyu. Umuthi kufanele usethwe kucatshangelwa okudlayo, udinga ukukala ushukela izikhathi eziningana ngosuku.
Ukwelashwa kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kuyindlela eyinkimbinkimbi, isisekelo sayo ukudla nokudla, ngisho nokuzinza kwe-glycemia edingekayo ngomjovo.
Imininingwane yohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela inikezwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
