Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kungukuhola okuhola phambili kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 lapho ukwehluleka khona emzimbeni we-carbohydrate metabolism. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi kusetshenziswa ukwelashwa okufanayo kohlobo lwesibili lwesifo, lapho amangqamuzana omzimba angaboni i-insulin (i-hormone esiza ukuguqula ushukela kube amandla).
Lokhu kuyadingeka lapho lesi sifo sishubile ngokubola.
Futhi, ukuphathwa kwe-insulin kuboniswa kwamanye amacala ambalwa:
- isifo sikashukela;
- ukuphikisana nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela;
- ukuntuleka komphumela omuhle ngemuva kokuthatha ama-antiglycemic agents;
- ubunzima obukhulu besifo sikashukela.
I-insulin yiprotheni elihlala lifakwa emzimbeni. Ngokwemvelaphi, kungaba ngesilwane nomuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhlobo ezihlukile zama-hormone (ama-heterologous, ama-homologous, ahlanganisiwe) ne-durations ehlukene.
Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela ngokusebenzisa i-hormone yokwelashwa kudinga imithetho ethile nokubalwa komthamo ofanele. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kungaba nezinkinga ezahlukahlukene zokwelapha i-insulin, okufanele zonke izazi zesifo sikashukela zikwazi.
I-Hypoglycemia
Uma kwenzeka kweqa ngokweqile, ukuntuleka kokudla kwe-carbohydrate noma isikhathi esithile ngemuva komjovo, izinga loshukela wegazi lingase lehle kakhulu. Njengomphumela, isimo se-hypoglycemic siyakhula.
Uma kusetshenziswa umenzeli wokukhulula oqhubekayo, khona-ke inkinga efanayo iyavela lapho ukuqoqwa kwento kuba kukhulu. Futhi, ukwehla kwezinga leshukela kuqashelwa ngemuva kokuzivocavoca okunamandla komzimba noma ukushaqeka ngokomzwelo.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi indawo eholayo ekwakhiweni kwe-hypoglycemia akuyona ukugcwala kwe-glucose, kepha izinga lokuncipha kwayo. Ngakho-ke, izimpawu zokuqala zokwehla zingenzeka ku-5.5 mmol / L ngokumelene nokwehla okusheshayo kwamazinga kashukela. Ngokuncipha kancane kwe-glycemia, isiguli singazizwa sisejwayelekile, kanti ukufundwa kweglucose kungu-2.78 mmol / L noma ngaphansi.
Isimo se-hypoglycemic sihambisana nezimpawu ezimbalwa:
- indlala enkulu;
- ukuzindla kwenhliziyo;
- ukujuluka ngokweqile;
- ukuthuthumela kwemilenze.
Ngokuqhubeka kwezinkinga, ukuqunjelwa kuvela, isiguli siba sanele futhi singalahlekelwa ukwazi.
Uma izinga likashukela lingazange lehle kakhulu, khona-ke lesi simo siqedwa ngendlela elula, equkethe ekudleni ukudla kwe-carbohydrate (100 g ye-muffin, izingcezu ezi-3-4 zoshukela, itiye elimnandi). Uma kungekho kuthuthukiswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isiguli sidinga ukudla ushukela ofanayo.
Ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-hypoglycemic coma, i-iv ukuphathwa kwe-60 ml yesisombululo sikashukela (40%) kuyakhonjiswa. Ezimweni eziningi, ngemuva kwalokhu, isimo sesifo sikashukela siyazinza. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, khona-ke emva kwemizuzu eyi-10. uphinda ujovwe nge-glucose noma nge-glucagon (1 ml ngokweziqeshana).
I-Hypoglycemia iyinkinga eyingozi kakhulu yesifo sikashukela, ngoba ingadala ukufa. Engcupheni yiziguli esezikhulile ezinomonakalo wenhliziyo, ubuchopho nemithambo yegazi.
Ukwehla njalo koshukela kungaholela ekubonakala kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okungalungiseki.
Futhi, ubuhlakani besiguli, inkumbulo buba bukhudlwana kanye nenkambo ye-retinopathy iyakhula noma iba mbi.
Ukumelana ne-insulin
Imvamisa ngesifo sikashukela, ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana kuya ku-insulin kuyancipha. Ukunxephezela i-carbohydrate metabolism, i-100-200 PIECES ye-hormone iyadingeka.
Kodwa-ke, lesi simo senzeka hhayi ngenxa yokwehla kokuqukethwe noma ukuhlangana kwama-receptor kweprotein, kodwa futhi lapho kuvela ama-antibodies kuma-receptors noma ama-hormone. Futhi, ukumelana ne-insulin kuqhamuka ngemuva kwesizinda sokubhujiswa kweprotein ngama-enzyme athile noma ukubopha kwayo ngama-immune complexes.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuntuleka kokuzwela kubonakala esimweni sokukhuphuka kokuqashelwa kwamahomoni e-contrainsulin. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda se-hypercortinism, dlulisa ubuthi obunobuthi, i-acromegaly ne-pheochromocytoma.
Isisekelo sokwelashwa ukukhomba ubunjalo besimo. Kuze kube manje, susa izimpawu zezifo ezingamahlalakhona ezingapheli (i-cholecystitis, sinusitis), izifo zezindlala ze-endocrine. Futhi, uhlobo lwe-insulin luyathathelwa indawo noma i-insulin therapy ifakwa kusetshenziswa amaphilisi anciphisa ushukela.
Kwezinye izimo, ama-glucocorticoids akhonjisiwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, nyusa umthamo we-hormone nsuku zonke futhi unikeze ukwelashwa kwezinsuku eziyishumi nge-prednisone (1 mg / kg).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuya ngesimo sesiguli, umthamo wezidakamizwa uyancishiswa kancane kancane. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi ukusetshenziswa kwemali isikhathi eside ngamanani amancane (kuze kufike ku-15 mg ngosuku) kuyadingeka.
Futhi, ngokumelana ne-insulin, i-insulin engasebenzi ingasetshenziswa. Inzuzo yayo ukuthi ayisebenzi ngemithi elwa nama-antibodies, inomsebenzi omuhle wezinto eziphilayo futhi empeleni ayibangeli ukusabela komzimba. Kepha lapho ushintshela ekwelashweni okunjalo, iziguli kufanele zazi ukuthi umthamo we-ejenti sulfated, ngokuqhathaniswa nefomu elilula, wehliselwa ku-¼ yenani lokuqala lomuthi ojwayelekile.
Allergy
Lapho kusetshenziswa i-insulin, ubunzima bungahluka. Ngakho-ke, kwezinye iziguli kukhona i-allergy, eziveza ngezindlela ezimbili:
- Kwendawo. Ukuvela kwe-erythematous, inflamated, itchy papule noma lukhuni endaweni yomjovo.
- Okujwayelekile, lapho kwenzeka khona i-urticaria (intamo, ubuso), isicanucanu, ukulunywa yisikhumba, ukuguguleka kolwelwesi lwe-mucous lomlomo, amehlo, impumulo, isicanucanu, nobuhlungu besisu, ukuhlanza, ukushisa. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyethuka i-anaphylactic.
Ukuze uvimbele ukuqhubeka komzimba, ukufakwa kwe-insulin kuvame ukwenziwa. Kuze kube manje, i-hormone yezilwane ithathelwa indawo yi-hormone yabantu noma umenzi wesidakamizwa aguqulwe.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi i-allergy ikakhulukazi ayithuthukisi kwi-hormone ngokwayo, kepha kulondolozo lwesibeletho olusetshenziselwa ukuzinza. Kulokhu, izinkampani ezenza imithi zingasebenzisa amakhompiyutha ahlukile.
Uma kungenakwenzeka ukuthatha isikhundla somuthi, khona-ke i-insulin ihlanganiswe nokufakwa kwamaphilisi amancane (afinyelela ku-1 mg) we-hydrocortisone. Ekuphendukeni okukhulu komzimba, kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa ezilandelayo:
- I-calcium calcium chloride;
- IHydrocortisone;
- I-diphenhydramine;
- Sup Supin nabanye.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukubonakaliswa kwasendaweni komzimba kuvame ukuvela lapho umjovo wenziwa ngendlela engafanele.
Isibonelo, esimweni sokukhethwa okungalungile kwendawo yomjovo, ukulimala kwesikhumba (inaliti emfushane, inaliti), kanye nokungenisa ikhambi elibandayo kakhulu.
I-Pastipsulip Lipodystrophy
Kunezinhlobo ezi-2 ze-lipodystrophy - atrophic ne-hypertrophic. Indlela ye-atrophic ye-pathology iba ngokuphikisana nesizinda senkambo ende yezinhlobo ze-hypertrophic.
Kuvela kangaki ukuthi ukubonakaliswa ngemuva kokujova kwenzeka kanjani. Kodwa-ke, odokotela abaningi basikisela ukuthi bavele ngenxa yokuhlukumezeka okuhlala njalo ezinxenyeni zepherishi ngokuqhubeka kokuphazamiseka kwangaphakathi kwe-neurotrophic. Ukulimala kungenzeka futhi ngenxa yokusebenzisa i-insulin engagcwele kahle.
Kodwa ngemuva kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ze-monocomponent, inani lokubonakaliswa kwe-lipodystrophy lehliswa kakhulu. Okunye okubalulekile ukuphathwa okungalungile kwehomoni, ngokwesibonelo, i-hypothermia yendawo yomjovo, ukusetshenziswa kwamakhaza, nokunye.
Kwezinye izimo, ngokumelene nesizinda se-lipodystrophy, ukumelana kwe-insulin yobunzima obuhlukahlukene kwenzeka.
Uma isifo sikashukela sinqunyelwa ukuvela kwe-lipodystrophy, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunamathela emithethweni yokwelashwa kwe-insulin, izindawo ezishintsha nsuku zonke zemijovo. Futhi, ukuvimbela ukuvela kwe-lipodystrophy, i-hormone ihlanjululwe ngevolumu elingana yeNovocaine (0.5%).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kutholakale ukuthi i-lipoatrophy inyamalala ngemuva kokuqunjelwa yi-insulin yomuntu.
Eminye imiphumela yokwelashwa kwe-insulin
Imvamisa kuma-diabetesics ancike ku-insulin, kuvela umgodi phambi kwamehlo. Le nto idala ukungakhululeki kumuntu, ngakho-ke akakwazi ukubhala nokufunda ejwayelekile.
Iziguli eziningi zenza iphutha ngalesi sibonakaliso se-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela. Kepha umgubuzelo phambi kwamehlo ungumphumela wezinguquko ekuguqulweni kwelensi.
Lo mphumela udlula ngokuzimela ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-14-30 kusukela kuqale ukwelashwa. Ngakho-ke, asikho isidingo sokuphazamisa ukwelashwa.
Ezinye izinkinga zokwelashwa kwe-insulin ukuvuvukala kwamaphethelo aphansi. Kepha ukubonakaliswa okunjalo, njengezinkinga zombono, kuya ngokwakho.
Ukuvuvukala kwemilenze kwenzeka ngenxa yokugcinwa kwamanzi nosawoti, okuvela ngemuva kwemijovo ye-insulin. Kodwa-ke, ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, umzimba uvumelana nokwelashwa, ngakho-ke uyeka ukuqongelela uketshezi.
Ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo, esigabeni sokuqala sokwelashwa, iziguli zingakhuphula umfutho wegazi ngezikhathi ezithile.
Futhi, ngokumelene nesizinda sokwelashwa kwe-insulin, abanye abanesifo sikashukela bathola isisindo. Ngokwesilinganiso, iziguli zilulama ngamakhilogremu angama-3-5. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukwelashwa kwe-hormonal kusebenze i-lipogenesis (inqubo yokwenziwa kwamafutha) futhi yenyusa isifiso sokudla. Kulokhu, isiguli kudingeka siguqule ekudleni, ikakhulukazi, okuqukethe ikhalori nokuvama kokudla kokudla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphathwa okuqhubekayo kwe-insulin kwehlisa okuqukethwe kwe-potassium egazini. Le nkinga ingaxazululwa ngokudla okukhethekile.
Ngale njongo, imenyu yansuku zonke yesifo sikashukela kufanele igcwaliswe ngezithelo zomawolintshi, amajikijolo (ama-currants, ama-sitrobheli), amakhambi (iparsley) nemifino (iklabishi, isithombo, u-anyanisi).
Ukuvimbela izinkinga
Ukunciphisa ubungozi bemiphumela yokwelashwa kwe-insulin, wonke umuntu onesifo sikashukela kufanele azi kahle izindlela zokuzithiba. Lo mqondo ubandakanya le mithetho elandelayo:
- Ukuqapha njalo ukuhlushwa kwe-glucose egazini, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokudla.
- Ukuqhathanisa izinkomba ngezimo ze-atypical (ngokomzimba, ngokomzwelo, ngokugula okungazelelwe, njll).
- ukulungiswa kwamthamo okufika ngesikhathi kwe-insulin, izidakamizwa ezilwa nesifo sikashukela nokudla.
Ukukala ushukela, kusetshenziswa imichilo yokuhlola noma i-glucometer. Ukuthola izinga ngosizo lwemichilo yokuhlola kwenziwa ngale ndlela elandelayo: ipheshana licwiliswa umchamo, bese bebheka insimu yokuhlola, umbala wayo oguqukayo ngokuya ngokuhlushwa ushukela.
Imiphumela enembe kakhulu ingatholwa kusetshenziswa imichilo enensimu ephindwe kabili. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuyindlela ephumelela ngokwengeziwe yokuthola amazinga kashukela.
Ngakho-ke, iningi lesifo sikashukela sisebenzisa i-glucometer. Le divayisi isetshenziswa kanjena: kudonswa igazi. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngemuva kwemizuzwana embalwa, umphumela uvela kwisibonisi esidijithali. Kepha khumbula ukuthi i-glycemia yamadivayisi ahlukile ingahluka.
Futhi, ukuze ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kungabi nomthelela ekwakhiweni kwezinkinga, onesifo sikashukela kufanele aqaphe isisindo somzimba wakhe. Ungathola ukuthi uma kunesisindo ngokweqile ngokunquma inkomba ye-Kegle noma isisindo somzimba.
Imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa kwe-insulin kuxoxwa ngayo kule vidiyo kulesi sihloko.
