Ukudlanga kwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus kusendaweni yesibili phakathi kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona. Ezinganeni, lesi sifo siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi siyinkinga kunabantu abadala abane ushukela wegazi ophezulu. Kunzima ngokwengeziwe enganeni enenkinga yokusebenza kwe-carbohydrate metabolism ukuzivumelanisa nendlela ethile yokuphila, edinga ukugcinwa kwezincomo eziningi zezokwelapha.
Ukuboniswa kwesifo sikashukela kwenzeka kunoma iyiphi iminyaka. Kwesinye isikhathi lesi sifo sihlakulela ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa. Kepha imvamisa i-hyperglycemia engapheli ivela eminyakeni eyi-6 kuya kwengama-6, yize izingane (0.1-0.3%) zivama ukuba nesifo sikashukela kunabantu abadala (1-3%).
Kepha yiziphi izimbangela nezimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni? Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukukhula kwesifo emntwaneni nokuthi ungaselapha kanjani uma isifo se-hyperglycemia esingamahlalakhona sesitholakele?
Izici zesifo
Kunezinhlobo ezi-2 zesifo sikashukela. Kuhlobo lokuqala lwesifo kumanyikwe, kuyathinteka amaseli abhekene nokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin. Ukwephula umthetho kuholela ekutheni ushukela ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwehomoni awusatshalaliswa emzimbeni wonke futhi uhlala kumfudlana wegazi.
Ngohlobo lwesibili sikashukela, ama-pancreas akhiqiza i-insulin, kodwa ama-receptor amangqamuzana omzimba, ngezizathu ezingaziwa, ayeka ukubona i-hormone. Ngakho-ke, ushukela, njengokwefomu lesifo elincike e-insulin, uhlala egazini.
Izimbangela ze-hyperglycemia ezingamahlalakhona ezinganeni zihlukile. Isici esiholayo sithathwa njengefa.
Kepha uma bobabili abazali benesifo sikashukela, khona-ke isifo sengane asihlali sivela lapho kuzalwa, kwesinye isikhathi umuntu ufunda ngalesi sifo eneminyaka engama-20, engama-30 noma engama-50. Lapho ubaba nomama behlupheka ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwe-carbohydrate metabolism, amathuba esifo ezinganeni zabo angama-80%.
Imbangela yesibili ejwayelekile yesifo sikashukela sabantwana ukuntuleka ngokweqile. Abasenkulisa kanye nezingane zesikole bathanda ukuhlukumeza amaswidi ahlukahlukene ayingozi. Ngemuva kokuzidla, kuphakama ushukela obukhali emzimbeni, ngakho-ke ipancreas kufanele isebenze ngemodi ethuthukisiwe, ikhiqize i-insulin eningi.
Kepha ama-pancreas ezinganeni awakakhiwa. Ngeminyaka eyi-12, ubude besitho bungama-12 cm, futhi isisindo saso singama-50 amagremu. Umshini wokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin uvamile eminyakeni emihlanu ubudala.
Izikhathi ezibucayi zokukhula kwalesi sifo zisukela ezi-5 kuye kweziyi-6 kanti zisukela kwengu-11 kuye kwengu-12. Ezinganeni, izinqubo ze-metabolic, kufaka phakathi i-carbohydrate metabolism, zenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu kunabantu abadala.
Izimo ezingezekile zokuvela kwalesi sifo - uhlelo lwezinzwa olungakhiwanga ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, uma ingane incane, yilapho isifo sikashukela siba nzima kakhulu.
Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sokudla kakhulu ezinganeni, isisindo ngokweqile siyavela. Lapho ushukela ungena emzimbeni ngokweqile futhi ungasetshenziswanga ukuphinda ubize izindleko zamandla, ukugcwala kwawo kufakwa ngohlobo lwamafutha alondoloziwe. Futhi ama-molecule we-lipid enza ama-cell receptors angamelana ne-glucose noma i-insulin.
Ngaphezu kokudla ngokweqile, izingane zanamuhla ziphila impilo yokuhlala, ezithinta kabi isisindo sazo. Ukuntuleka kokusebenza komzimba kubambezela umsebenzi wamaseli akhiqiza i-insulin futhi izinga le-glucose alinciphi.
Imikhuhlane ejwayelekile ibuye iholele kushukela. Lapho ama-ejenti ezithathelwanayo engena emzimbeni, amasosha omzimba akhiqizwa amasosha omzimba aqala ukulwa nawo. Kepha uma kusebenze njalo ukuvikela umzimba, ukwehluleka kwenzeka ekuxhumaneni kwezinhlelo zokuvuselela kanye nezokucindezelwa kokugonywa.
Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sokubanda okungapheli, umzimba ngokuqhubekayo ukhiqiza amasosha omzimba. Kepha uma kungekho bhaktheriya namagciwane, bahlasela amangqamuzana abo, kubandakanya nalawo abhekele ukugcinwa kwe-insulin, okunciphisa inani lokukhiqizwa kwama-hormone.
Izigaba sikashukela ezinganeni
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-12 ubudala zincike ezintweni ezimbili - ukuba khona noma ukungabikho kokuswelakala kwe-insulin kanye ne-glucose ubuthi. Akuzona zonke izinhlobo zikashukela ezinganeni ezihlakulelwa ngokusweleka kwe-insulin okunzima. Imvamisa lesi sifo sithambile ngokumelana ne-insulin ngokwanda kwezinga le-hormone egazini.
Ukushoda kwe-insulin kuyabonakala kulezi zinhlobo zesifo sikashukela - uhlobo 1, ifomu le-neonotal neMODY. Amazinga ejwayelekile futhi akhuphukile e-hormone egazini abonwa kwezinye izindlela ezithile ze-MODY kanye nefomu lesifo elizimele le-insulin.
Izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela ezifakwe kuhlu lokuqala zihlanganiswa ukungabikho ngokuphelele kwehomoni. Ukushoda akuvumeli umzimba ukuba usebenzise ushukela, futhi uthola indlala yamandla. Ngemuva kwalokho izinqolobane zamafutha ziqala ukusetshenziswa, ngokuwohloka kokuvela kwama-ketones.
I-acetone inobuthi kuwo wonke umzimba, kubandakanya nengqondo. Imizimba yeKetone inciphisa i-pH yegazi ibheke acidity. Le yindlela iketoacidosis ekhula ngayo, ihambisana nezimpawu ezandayo zesifo sikashukela.
Ezinganeni ezinesifo sohlobo 1, i-ketoacidosis iba ngokushesha okukhulu. Uhlelo lwazo lwe-enzyme alufushane futhi alukwazi ukusebenzisa ubuthi ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke i-coma iyenzeka, engakhula amasonto angama-2-3 kusukela ekuqaleni kwezimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela.
Ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa, ama-ketoacidosis akha ngokushesha, okuyingozi empilweni yawo. Nge-Diabetes sikashukela, lesi simo akuvamile ukwenzeka, ngoba ukuntula kwe-insulin akubalulekile futhi lesi sifo simnene, kepha izimpawu zesifo zizobe zikhona.
Futhi sinjani isifo sikashukela esine-insulin ephezulu kakhulu noma evamile? Umshini wokuqhakanjiswa kwesifo sohlobo 2 ezinganeni kuyafana nakwabantu abadala. Izimbangela eziholayo zikhuluphele kanye nokuntuleka kokuzwela i-insulin, lapho ikhuphuka khona iglucose egazini.
Izinhlobo ezimnene zesifo sikashukela se-MOD nazo zingahanjiswa ukumelana ne-insulin, kepha akukho okubonakala kusilela futhi i-ketoacidosis ingenzeki. Lezi zinhlobo zezifo zikhula kancane kancane esikhathini esiyizinyanga ezingama-2-3, ezingabangeli ukuwohloka okukhulu kwesimo sempilo.
Kepha kwesinye isikhathi inkambo yalezi zinhlobo zikashukela ifana nenkambo yefomu elizimele le-insulin. Ngakho-ke, esigabeni sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo, ukuphathwa kwe-insulin kuyadingeka, ngokunye ukuguqulwa kokunciphisa izidakamizwa nokudla ushukela.
Ezigulini ezinjalo, i-ketoacidosis nayo ingavela. Imiswa yi-insulin therapy kanye nokuqedwa kwe-glucose ubuthi.
Kodwa izibonakaliso zokuqala zalesi sifo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela ziyefana, okudinga ukucatshangelwa okuningiliziwe.
ISymbomatology
Ezinganeni nasentsheni engaphezulu kweminyaka engu-12 yokushoda kwe-insulin, isifo sikashukela sikhula ngokushesha (amasonto angama-2-3). Ngakho-ke, abazali kudingeka bazi ukuthi yikuphi ukubonakaliswa okuhambisana ne-glycemia engapheli, okuzovimbela noma inciphise ukuqhubeka kwesifo esingalapheki.
Isibonakaliso sokuqala nesici sesifo sikashukela ukoma okungenakuqhathaniswa. Ingane egula ngesifo sohlobo 1 futhi ingakutholi ukunakekelwa kokwelashwa ihlala yomile. Lapho ushukela uphakama, umzimba uthatha amanzi ngezicubu namangqamuzana ukuze kuxutshwe ushukela wegazi bese isiguli siphuza amanzi amaningi, amajusi neziphuzo ezinoshukela.
Ukoma kuhambisana nokuchama okuvamisile, ngoba amanzi amaningi ngokweqile kumele akhishwe emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke, uma ingane iya endlini yangasese izikhathi ezingaphezu kwe-10 ngosuku noma iqala ukubhala ebusuku embhedeni, abazali kufanele baqaphele.
Amandla endlala amangqamuzana abangela isifiso esinamandla esigulini. Ingane idla kakhulu, kepha ibuye ilahlekelwe isisindo, ehambisana nokwehluleka kokuqina kwe-carbohydrate. Lolu phawu luphawu lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1.
Ngemuva kokudla ukudla kwe-carbohydrate, izinga le-glycemia lenyuka futhi nezingane ezinesifo sikashukela zingazizwa zimbi kakhulu. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, ukugcotshwa koshukela kuvamile, futhi ingane iba namandla futhi kuze kube ukudla okulandelayo.
Ukwehla kwesisindo ngokushesha kungakhombisa ukuba khona kwesifo sikashukela. Umzimba uphelelwa amandla okusebenzisa ushukela njengamandla. Uqala ukunciphisa umzimba, ukhuluphele, futhi esikhundleni sokuthola isisindo, umuntu uncipha isisindo ngokuzumayo.
Ngokuphulwa kokuthathwa kwe-glucose kanye nemiphumela enobuthi yama-ketones, ingane iba sibulalayo futhi ibebuthakathaka. Uma isiguli sinephunga le-acetone elisuka emlonyeni - lokhu kuwuphawu lwesimpawu se-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela. Umzimba ususa ubuthi nangezinye izindlela:
- ngamaphaphu (i-acetone izwakala lapho iphefumula);
- ngokusebenzisa izinso (ukuchama kaningi);
- ngesithukuthuku (hyperhidrosis).
I-Hyperglycemia iholela ekuqothulweni kwezicubu, kufaka nelensi yeso. Lokhu kuhambisana nokukhubazeka okubukwayo okuhlukahlukene. Kepha uma ingane incane futhi ingakwazi ukufunda, kuyaqabukela ayinaka lezo zimpawu.
Ukutheleleka nge-fungal kungumngane ojwayelekile wabo bonke abanesifo sikashukela. Ngefomu layo elincike ku-insulin, amantombazane avame ukuba ne-thrush. Futhi ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa, kuvela ukuqhamuka kwe-diaper, okungasuswa kuphela ngemuva kokulinganisa izinga le-glycemia.
Izindlela zokuvimbela
Izindlela eziningi zokuvikela ushukela azinakho okufakazelwe ngempumelelo. Amaphilisi, ukugoma noma amakhambi we-homeopathic ngeke asize ukuvikela ukukhula kwesifo.
Umuthi wanamuhla uvumela ukuthi kuhlolwe izakhi zofuzo, okucacisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kuqhamuke i-glycemia engapheli ngamaphesenti. Kepha inqubo inezingqinamba - ubudisi kanye nezindleko eziphakeme.
Uma izihlobo zomntwana zinenkinga yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, khona-ke ekuvimbeleni wonke umndeni kunconyelwa ukushintshela ekudleni okune-carb ephansi. Ukulandela ukudla kuzovikela amaseli we-pancreatic beta ekuhlaselweni kokungazweli.
Kepha umuthi uthuthuka ngokushesha, ososayensi nodokotela bakha izindlela ezintsha zokuvimbela izifo. Injongo yabo eyinhloko ukugcina amaseli we-beta ephila ngokwesifo sikashukela esisanda kutholwa. Ngakho-ke, abanye abazali bezinkinga zesifo sikashukela banganikezwa ukuthi babambe iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo okuhloswe ngaso ukuvikela amaseli we-pancreatic kuma-antibodies.
Ukuvimbela ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela, kufanele uzame ukunciphisa izinto ezisolwayo ezingaba yingozi:
- Ukushoda kwe-vitamin D egazini. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi uvithamini D wehlisa amandla amasosha omzimba, wehlise amathuba okuba nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1.
- Ukutheleleka ngegciwane. Bayindlela yokuqalwa kokuthuthukiswa kwefomu lesifo elizimele le-insulin. Amagciwane ayingozi ikakhulukazi yi-cytomegalovirus, i-rubella, i-Coxsackie, i-Epstein-Barr.
- Ukuqala kokudla kokubeletha kwengane okufuywayo.
- Ukuphuza amanzi aqukethe ama-nitrate.
- Phambilini, ukwethulwa kobisi lonke ekudleni kwezingane.
Odokotela baphinde bancome ukondla ubisi lwebele enganeni kuze kufike ezinyangeni eziyisithupha futhi uluphuze namanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile. Kepha ungafaki izingane ezimeni eziyinyumba, ngoba azikwazi ukuvikeleka kuwo wonke amagciwane.
Uchwepheshe kule vidiyo ekulesi sihloko uzokhuluma ngezimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni.
