Ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela kwenzeka ngokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin engasebenzi kahle kumanyikwe. Lokhu kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokubhujiswa kwe-autoimmune kwamangqamuzana we-beta futhi kuba nohlobo lohlobo lokuqala.
Uhlobo lwesibili lwesifo lubangelwa ukuthi umzimba awuphenduli i-insulin ekhiqizwayo ngenxa yokuxhumana okukhona phakathi kwayo nama-receptors ayo esibindini nakuma-adipose izicubu, kanye nasemisipha.
Kungakhathalekile ukuthi ziyini izimbangela zesifo sikashukela, kubonakaliswa izinga eliphakeme likashukela egazini futhi zonke izimpawu ezibucayi zesiguli zihambisana nalokhu.
Ngakho-ke, umbuzo ophuthumayo kakhulu kwabanesifo sikashukela ukuthi ungasinciphisa kanjani ushukela wegazi ngokushesha ukuze ususe ngokushesha ubuthakathaka obukhulu, ukoma okungapheli, ukuchama kaningi, ukulunywa kwesikhumba.
Ukwehla ushukela okusheshayo nohlobo 1 sikashukela
Ukufinyelela ukwehla kushukela kungabikho i-insulin yakho, ungasebenzisa kuphela ukwelashwa okufaka esikhundleni salokho. Imvamisa lo muthi ubekelwe iziguli kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zesifo kanye nokuphila. Njengoba amangqamuzana engakutholi ukondleka ngaphandle kwe-insulin, ushukela owedlulele ubeka esimisweni sezinzwa futhi ubhubhise nemithambo yegazi.
Ngaphandle kokwethulwa kwalo muthi, iziguli ezinohlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela zingawela enkomeni, egcina ngokufa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuntuleka kwe-insulin okungapheli kuholela ekuqothulweni komzimba ngenxa yokuphuma kwamanzi okukhulu kakhulu, ukulahleka kwama-electrolyte, iziguli zehla kakhulu emzimbeni, naphezu kokudla ngokwengeziwe.
Ukuze kusetshenziswe ukwelashwa kwe-insulin, kusetshenziswa izikimu eziningana zokuphatha i-insulin yabantu ezitholakala ngobunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo. Ukuze usondeze isigqi sokuphathwa kwe-insulin eduze kokucasha okujwayelekile komuntu onempilo, kusetshenziswa ukwelashwa okuhlanganisa inhlanganisela nama-insulin ezinsuku ezihlukile zomsebenzi.
Ukuze wehlise ushukela wegazi ngokushesha udinga ukusebenzisa ukwelashwa kwe-insulin okuqinisiwe. Le ndlela yokulawulwa kwe-insulin inikeza ukwehla kwe-hyperglycemia futhi kuvimbela izinguquko ezingazelelwe kushukela wegazi.
Inhlanganisela esetshenziswa kakhulu yomjovo yile:
- Ngaphambi kwesidlo sasekuseni - i-insulin emfushane nehlala isikhathi eside
- Ngaphambi kwasemini - i-insulin emfushane.
- Ngaphambi kwesidlo sakusihlwa, insulin emfushane.
- Ebusuku - isikhathi eside i-insulin.
Ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka komzimba, i-insulin ezingxenyeni ezincane ihlala ingena egazini, kufaka phakathi ebusuku. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi secaltion basal futhi kucishe kube yunithi olu-1 ngehora. Ngokuvamile, ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca ngokomzimba, ukucwaswa kwe-basal kuyehla. Futhi ngesikhathi sokudla, amayunithi we-1-2 anikezwa egazini kuwo wonke ama-10 g wama-carbohydrate. Lokhu secretion kwe-insulin kubizwa ngokuthi ukucashunwa okuvuselelekile.
Ngokuqina kwe-insulin, i-basal secretion izala insulin esebenza isikhathi eside, nokudla okufushane okuvuselelayo. Kodwa-ke, akukho dosi elilodwa elingashintshi esigulini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukugxila kuphrofayili ye-glycemic ukuze usheshe futhi ngempumelelo uphumele ukubonakaliswa kwesifo sikashukela.
Unganciphisa kanjani ushukela ngohlobo 2 sikashukela?
Ukuze kwehliswe ngokushesha ushukela wegazi esigulini esinohlobo lwesibili sikashukela, kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa ezivela eqenjini lezinto ezithathwe sulfonylurea, ezibandakanya i-Glibenclamide, i-Diabetes, i-Amaryl, neManninyl. Le mishanguzo ivuselela ukwakheka kwe-insulin kumaseli e-beta. Zithimba ngokushesha futhi kusebenza kahle kakhulu.
Leli qembu lezidakamizwa livuselela ukugcinwa kokudla okuyisisekelo nokudla kwe-insulin, ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwabo ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kungakhuphula ukuqina kwe-insulin egazini, ukumelana nama-receptors, futhi futhi kukhuphule isisindo.
I-Amaryl inethonya elincane ekucasheni kwe-insulin. Kwandisa ukwakheka kwe-glycogen, kuthuthukisa ukuhlanganiswa kwamafutha futhi umphumela wawo uhlala usuku lonke.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuncishiswe ngempumelelo izinga le-glucose egazini, kwanele ukulisebenzisa kanye ekuseni.
Izidakamizwa ezihlula ukumelana ne-insulin azisizi kuphela ushukela wegazi ophansi, kepha futhi zithuthukisa imetabolism yamafutha emzimbeni. Leli qembu lifaka iSiofor, iGlucofage (izidakamizwa ezisuselwa ku-metformin), kanye ne-Actos nePioglar. Ukusetshenziswa kwale mishanguzo kunciphisa ubungozi bezinkinga zesifo sikashukela.
Le mithi elandelayo isetshenziselwa futhi ukwelapha uhlobo lwesibili sikashukela:
- Izivuseleli ze-insulin synthes efushane: i-Starlix neNovoNorm; uma isetshenziswa, ushukela wegazi uyancipha ngemuva kokudla. Inani eliphakeme lokwenza livela ihora elilodwa ngemuva kokuphathwa.
- I-Alpha glucosidase inhibitor. Umuthi i-Glucobai uvimbela ukuqhekeka nokufakwa kweglue kusuka emathunjini. Isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa okwengeziwe.
- Ukuqina kwama-insretins - ama-hormone omgudu wokugaya ukudla, osheshisa ukukhishwa kwe-insulin futhi ovimbela ukukhiqizwa kwe-glucagon, akhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kwe-glucose, futhi kunciphise ukuqhekeka kwe-glycogen. Leli qembu lifaka u-Onglisa, uJanuvius, iBaeta.
Ukuncishiswa Kokudla Ushukela
Imvamisa kumbuzo, ojwayelekile kwabanesifo sikashukela - ukuthi ungalunciphisa kanjani ushukela wegazi ngokushesha, impendulo yabaningi be-endocrinologists ithi: "Susa ushukela nokudla ngofulawa omhlophe ekudleni." Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi kubantu abanesifo sikashukela ngohlobo lwesibili lwesifo, ukudla kuyindlela yokwelashwa eyinhloko, futhi ngohlobo lokuqala, indlela yokulungisa isinxephezelo.
Ngohlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela, i-insulin ibhalwa ngokuhambisana nama-carbohydrate aqediwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukubala ngokucophelela inani lamayunithi esinkwa emikhiqizweni ukuze ngesikhathi esifanayo amunce wonke ama-carbohydrate kusuka ekudleni, kodwa hhayi ukuvumela amazinga kashukela wegazi ophansi ngokweqile.
Ukweqa ukudla kwabanesifo sikashukela kuyingozi nje ngokungabi ne-insulin. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukubheka ukudla okuhambisana nokuvama kwemijovo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa kwe-hypoglycemic, udinga ukudla nawe ongabuyisela ushukela wegazi ngokushesha: ujusi omnandi, amaphilisi kashukela, uju, ushukela.
Njengoba i-hyperinsulinemia iyisisekelo sokukhuphuka kwesisindo kanye nokunye ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic kuhlobo lwe-2 mellitus yesifo sikashukela, ukwelashwa kokudla ngezigaba eziningana ezilandelanayo kuyadingeka ezigulini ezinjalo. Esigabeni sokuqala, kulethwa imikhawulo elandelayo:
- Susa ama-carbohydrate akhanyisiwe ekudleni.
- Yehlisa inani lokudla kwekhalori.
- Kunciphile amafutha ezilwane.
- Ukulinganisa usawoti kuya ku-6 g ngosuku.
Ngokwenqatshwa ngokuphelele kwama-carbohydrate alula, kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa ama-sweeteners wemvelo - i-fructose, i-sorbitol, i-xylitol ne-stevia yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, kanye naleyo yokwenziwa (i-saccharin, aspartame). Amafutha angashintshiwe kufanele abe ngaphezulu kwezilwane. Ukufakwa okuphoqelekile kwefayibha emahhadla kusuka kumifino nezithelo ezingafakiwe. Ukudla kuthathwa okungenani izikhathi ezingama-5-6.
Ngokwesilinganiso esinciphile sokunciphisa umzimba, kunconywa izinsuku zokuzila imifino noma izinhlanzi, inyama noma imikhiqizo yobisi. Uma konke ukulungiswa kokudla okwenziwe kungatholanga umphumela - isiguli asikwazi ukunciphisa umzimba ngokweqile, khona-ke baya esigabeni sesibili - ukudla okunenkomba ephansi ye-glycemic.
Le ndlela yokudla ifaka ekudleni ukudla okungabangeli ukwanda okubukhali koshukela wegazi futhi kuhlinzekele ukukhishwa okuncane kakhulu kwe-insulin egazini.
Inkomba ye-glycemic nayo ixhomeke endleleni yokulungiswa kwemikhiqizo. Kunqunywa ngamatafula akhethekile. Umgomo oyisisekelo wokwakhiwa okufanele kokudla ukuntuleka kwendlala. Isigaba sesithathu senzeka ngokuncipha kancane kancane kwanoma yiliphi i-carbohydrate eliyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukufakwa esikhundleni sikashukela kufanele kungabi-khalori - i-aspartame, i-saccharin, i-stevia.
Ushukela wegazi wehlisa amakhambi
Abelaphi bendabuko kudala bazi ukuthi banganciphisa kanjani ushukela wegazi. Kuze kube manje, ukusetshenziswa kwama-phytopreparations akukaze kulahlekelwe ukuhambisana kwawo ngenxa yokusebenza kwawo nomphumela omnene, ubuthi obuphansi.
Ukwelashwa ngamakhambi kungasetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nokondleka okufanele esigabeni sokukhubazeka kwe-carbohydrate engasebenzi kahle, kanye nesifo sikashukela esibuhlungu. Kuzo zigaba ezisele, ama-decoctions kanye ne-infusions yamakhambi kubekelwa ukuqina okujwayelekile komzimba, ukwanda kokusebenza kahle, ukungasebenzi komzimba, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwezinso nemithambo yegazi.
Lapho usebenzisa izidakamizwa ezivela ezitshalweni zokwelapha, umuzwa we-insulin, ukungena kweglucose esitokisini nokusebenzisa kwayo amandla kuyathuthuka. Amakhambi amaningi asetshenziswa kushukela angakwazi ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi futhi enze ukuthi umzimba ube ne-lipid metabolism, unikele ekunciphiseni isisindo somzimba ngokweqile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimweni eziningi, umuthi wamakhambi wesifo sikashukela ekwelapheni okuyinkimbinkimbi wehlisa amazinga kashukela egazini. Ngokwengqungquthela, izitshalo zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu:
- Ukubuyisela amaseli we-beta ama-pancreas: utshani obumumbi, izimpande ze-elecampane, utshani baseSt.
- Gqugquzela ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin: iqabunga le-bay, u-anyanisi, isinamoni, izimpande ze-ginger, i-redhead herb, ulethisi, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, ama-alimondi.
- Zinama-hormone esitshalo afana ne-insulin, i-arginine, inositol: iqabunga le-walnut, i-alfalfa, impande ye-dandelion, i-seedberry (i-galega), ubhontshisi, u-soy, u-lentil.
- Qukethe ama-antioxidants, i-myrtillin: i-periwinkle, izimpande ze-ginseng, ama-blueberries, ama-blueberries, ujusi we-anyanisi, i-cactus ye-prickly pear, i-aronia nomlotha wentaba obomvu.
- Ama-Adaptogens, ithoni: ISchisandra, i-Eleutherococcus, okhalweni.
Kwividiyo ekulesi sihloko, kwethulwa izindlela zokupheka ezinokwehlisa ushukela wegazi.
