Ukuze uphenye i-carbohydrate metabolism, udinga ukwenza ukuhlaziywa okulula - kwe-glucose yegazi.
Uma ngabe le nkomba ingaphakathi kobubanzi obujwayelekile, khona-ke lokhu kusho ukuthi ama-pancreas asebenza ngendlela yemizimba futhi umzimba unikezwa amandla.
Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukuthi unake zonke izinto eziholela emiphumeleni engalungile.
Isikhombisi kufanele sihlolwe udokotela oholayo, ngoba uma kungabazeka ekuxilongeni, ezinye izindlela zokucwaninga zinganconywa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma ngabe azikho izimpawu zesifo, khona-ke okungenani ngonyaka, isifundo kufanele senziwe kuwo wonke umuntu onesihlobo esiseduze nesifo sikashukela, ukukhuluphala, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ngemuva kweminyaka engama-45.
Yini ushukela wegazi?
Ukuze kube lula, i-glucose egazini ibizwa ngokuthi ushukela. Eqinisweni, i-sucrose (ushukela) ayikwazi ukuba segazini, ngoba ngaphansi kwesenzo se-amylase emathunjini iphule phansi kube ushukela. Imvamisa, umzimba ugcina izinga lawo likububanzi obuxineneyo: kusuka ku-3.3 kuya ku-5.5 mmol / L.
Lezi zinkomba zenzelwe abesilisa nabesifazane abaphilile abanezinguquko esiswini esingenalutho esineminyaka engu-14 kuye kwengama-59. Kubantu asebekhulile kanye nabesifazane abakhulelwe, umkhawulo omkhulu uphakeme. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-60, ingama-6.4 mmol / L, futhi izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili ubudala zinezinga eliphansi likashukela le-2.7 -4.4 mmol / L, elihambisana nenqubo engaphelele yokuthuthuka kwensiza yangaphakathi.
Ukuguquguquka kwe-glycemia kuhlotshaniswa nokudla kokudla, ngokushesha ngemuva kokudla izinga layo, ifinyelela inani eliphakeme ngemuva kwamahora we-1-2 (ngokuya ngesilinganiso sokugaya ukudla), bese ibuyela kokujwayelekile. Lo mphumela ukhishwa yi-hormone evela kumaseli we-beta we-pancreas - insulin.
Kukhiqizwa njalo ngamanani amancane, kuthi lapho sekutholwe ukudla, kukhushulwe kakhulu okubonakalayo. I-insulin inikezela nge-glucose esibindini, emisipheni nasezicutshini ze-adipose, lapho ifakwe khona ekuphenduleni kwe-biochemical.
Kuhlobo lwe-mellitus yesifo sikashukela 1, i-insulin esegazini ayanele ukuthola ushukela ekudleni, ihlala isakazeka egazini, ibangela ukulimala kodonga lwe-vascular, fibers nerve, okuholela ekwakhiweni kwe-renal pathology, ukuphazamiseka kwegazi nokunwebeka kwemikhawulo ephansi, ukulahleka kombono .
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 senzeka kanye nokuphazamiseka okunjalo komzimba:
- I-insulin ikhiqizwa ngamanani ajwayelekile, avame ukwanda.
- Amathishu athola ukuzwela okuphansi kwe-insulin - ukumelana ne-insulin.
- Egazini kunamazinga anyukayo we-glucose, fatty acids, cholesterol.
- Isibindi sakha ngokuqinile ushukela bese siphula i-glycogen.
Uhlobo lwesibili lwesifo sikashukela luhambisana nezinkinga ezihambisana nokwanda ushukela egazini, ziba nenkambo engafakwanga isikhathi eside nesifo.
Ungalinganisa kanjani ushukela wegazi?
Ukuze uhlole isimo se-carbohydrate metabolism yakho, udinga ukuxhumana nelabhoratri ekuseni, ngemuva kwekhefu lokudla amahora angama-8. Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, awukwazi ukuphuza noma yini ngaphandle kwamanzi ahlanzekile, futhi iziphuzo ezidakayo kufanele zingafakwa okungenani amahora angama-24 ngaphambi. Kwezinsuku ezi-3, kungcono ukungafaki ukudla okunamafutha kanye noshukela ngokweqile.
Okosuku awudingi ukuvakashela i-sauna noma ukugeza, ukubhema nokuzibandakanya emidlalweni ebukhali. Uma umuthi ubekiwe noma amavithamini, amaphilisi okulawula ukuzalwa athathwa, lapho-ke kudingeka ukuthi uxwayise udokotela ngalokhu.
Kukhona indlela yokuthola izinga le-glycemia ekhaya usebenzisa i-glucometer. Kuyadingeka ngesilinganiso esivamile soshukela ukulawula ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela.
Ukuze wenze isilinganiso sokuzimela, udinga ukubhoboza umunwe nge-lancet bese ubeka ithonsi legazi emgqeni wokuhlola. Umphumela uzokwaziwa ngemizuzwana embalwa.
Izizathu zokuphambuka kusuka kokujwayelekile
Umphumela wokulinganiswa ungandiswa, ushukela wegazi ojwayelekile naphansi. Uma ucwaningo luqinisekisa izimpawu ezikhona zalesi sifo, khona-ke lesi yisisekelo sokuxilongwa. Uma kungekho zimpawu, ukuhlaziya kuvame ukuphindwa. Uma kutholakale ushukela wegazi ophakeme, kuhlolwa inani lokunyusa kwalo.
Kungahle kube nezinketho ezinjalo (ku-mmol / l): zisuka ku-5.5 ziye ku-6.1- zithathwa njenge-prediabetes; ngaphezulu kwe-6.1- lokhu kuwuphawu lwesifo sikashukela, elinani elingezansi kuka-3.3 - hypoglycemia, kusuka ku-3.3 kuya ku-5.5 - okujwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nokunyuka ushukela 5 7 akuyona into ejwayelekile.
Izimo ezinjalo zomngcele phakathi kwejwayelekile kanye nesifo sikashukela zifuna ucwaningo olwengeziwe nge-glucose tolerance test. Isiguli sinikezwa ikhambi le-glucose lapho liqukethe ama-75 g. Ushukela wegazi unqunywa ngaphambi kanye namahora amabili ngemuva kokuzivocavoca.
Ngokwemiphumela yalolu vivinyo, uhlobo lwe-carbohydrate metabolism disorder lunqunyelwe (yonke inkomba ku-mmol / l):
- Okujwayelekile ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, ngemuva kokuhlolwa - kuze kufike ku-7.8. Akukho ukwephulwa kokushintshaniswa.
- Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, okujwayelekile, ngemuva - ngenhla kuka-7.8, kodwa ngaphansi kuka-11.1. Ukubekezelelwa kwe-carbohydrate engasebenzi kahle.
- Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa - 5.6-6.1, ngemuva kokuthatha ushukela - ufike ku-7.8. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-glycemia.
- Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, ngenhla kuka-6.1, ngemuva kokuhlolwa kusuka ku-7.8 kuye ku-11.1. Isifo sikashukela mellitus.
Ushukela wegazi ungakhuphuka ngaphandle kwezifo: ngokuxineka, ukuzivocavoca okulinganiselayo ngokomzimba, ukubhema, injabulo, ukuthatha ama-diuretics, ikhofi nezidakamizwa ze-hormonal. I-Hyperglycemia ingenzeka futhi ezifweni zohlelo lwe-endocrine uma kwenzeka umsebenzi wabo ukhula - i-thyrotooticosis, i-acromegaly, i-stomatostatinoma, pheochromocytoma.
Izifo ze-pancreatic zithinta noshukela wegazi, zibangele ukwanda kwaso: i-pancreatitis, izinqubo zesimila. I-Hyperglycemia ihambisana nesifo sezinso kanye ne-hepatitis, isibindi esinamafutha. Ekuhlaselweni yisifo senhliziyo, imivimbo kanye nokulimala, ubulukhuni be-pathology buhlolwa (ngokungaqondile) ngezinga lokukhuphuka koshukela wegazi.
Ushukela wegazi ungancipha ngamathumba amabi wokufakelwa kwasendaweni okuhlukahlukene, wehlise i-endocrine gland function, ezinganeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ama-malabsorption ama-carbohydrate amathumbu, ukuzila isikhathi eside, ubuthi nge-arsenic, utshwala, ama-antihistamines, ama-anabolics ne-amphetamine.
Imbangela evame kakhulu ye-hypoglycemia yisifo sikashukela. Ukusabela okunjalo kwenzeka ngokweqile kokulungiselela kwe-insulin noma amaphilisi okwehlisa ushukela, ukweqa ukudla ngokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela, ukuphathwa okungafanele kwe-insulin, ngomzimba owandayo, ukuphuza uphuzo oludakayo.
Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukwanda koshukela egazini?
Uma kwenzeka ukubekezelelwa kwe-glucose engasebenzi kahle, kanye ne-glucose engasebenzi kahle, kungathathwa izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuqhubeka kwe-carbohydrate metabolism. Ukuze wenze lokhu, isinyathelo sokuqala ukuqokwa kokudla okufanele.
Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelashwa, ngoba isisindo somzimba sibalulekile. Ngokukhuluphala ngokweqile, ingozi yokushintshwa kwe-prediabetes ibe ushukela sikhulu kakhulu kunabantu bomzimba ojwayelekile. Okuyingozi kakhulu ngamafutha esiswini ukuze kuthuthukiswe isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Ukwehla kwesisindo somzimba samakhilogremu amahlanu kungaphika umphumela omuhle ku-metabolism ye-glucose namafutha emzimbeni. Iziguli ezinamafutha zinikezwa ukudla okune-kilojoule amancane, okubandakanya inhlanzi enamafutha aphansi, ukudla kwasolwandle, izinkukhu, inyama enamafutha amancane, imifino emisha ebilisiwe (kuncike emikhawulweni), izithelo ezingafakiwe kanye namafutha zemifino.
Ukuze wehlise kahle isisindo somzimba, kufanele unamathele ekudleni okuvamayo ngenani elanele le-fiber yokudla kusuka kuma-bran, imifino emisha nezithelo ezingafakiwe. Izitsha zemifino zifakwe kahle kumenyu ngendlela yama-saladi amasha namafutha zemifino. Ukubilisa nokugoba kuvunyelwe, akunakwenzeka ukuthosa ebotini noma emafutheni.
Ukudla okuqukethe ushukela nefulawa emhlophe, amaswidi, amaswidi, i-confectionery kanye nemikhiqizo kafulawa, izithelo ezikheniwe, ama-dessert, okulondoloziwe, amajusi wezithelo amnandi, ukudla okunamafutha nokuthosiwe, inyama enamafutha nemikhiqizo yobisi yokuqukethwe okunamafutha aphezulu, ukudla okulula, ama-chips, amasoso wasefektri awafakiwe ekudleni khiqiza, ubisi oluhlisiwe, u-ayisikhilimu, imajarini.
Ngokwesilinganiso esilinganiselwe udinga ukusebenzisa:
- Iphorridge, i-casseroles, isinkwa.
- Amazambane, ubhanana, amagilebhisi, omisiwe nezinsuku.
- Ama-beet abilisiwe, ithanga kanye izaqathi.
- I-pasta.
Imikhiqizo yesifo sikashukela ene-sweeteners nayo kufanele idliwe ngamanani amancane ngesifiso sokuthola isisindo, ngoba okuqukethwe kwabo kokhalori kuphakeme impela, futhi ukwakheka kubandakanya izakhi ezingaqhakambisa ukukhishwa kwe-insulin, okuvusa ukuthuthukiswa kokumelana nakho.
Ngaphezu kokudla kokudla, iziguli ezinomkhuba wesifo sikashukela kunconywa ukwandisa izinga lazo lokuzivocavoca ngokukhetha noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuzivocavoca ngokuzithandela. Lokhu kungaba wukuzivocavoca okwelapha, ukubhukuda, ama-Pilates, umdlalo wezemidlalo, i-aerobics, yoga, ukuhamba kwe-Nordic.
Kubalulekile ukuthi imithwalo yenzeke, ihlala njalo futhi imnandi. Ukuze umise ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela, udinga ukwenza okungenani imizuzu eyi-150 ngesonto. Lapho kukhona izinga eliphakeme lomfutho wegazi ophakeme noma ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, uhlobo lomthwalo namandla alo kufanele kuhlanganiswe nodokotela wentliziyo.
Uma ungekho umphumela wokwelashwa kokudla kanye nokuzivocavoca ngokomzimba, udokotela angafaka izidakamizwa ezisuselwa kwi-metformin ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela esisezingeni eliphezulu ngokukhuluphala okuhambisana. Emakethe yezokwelapha, zingatholakala ngaphansi kwamagama okuhweba: iSiofor, Glyukofazh, Metfogamma, Glycomet.
Kuze kube manje, lesi sidakamizwa kuphela esibonise ukusebenza kwawo kokuvikela uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela ngokuphulwa okukhona kwe-carbohydrate metabolism kanye nokukhuluphala ngokweqile. I-Metformin ayilinciphisi ngokuqondile ushukela wegazi, kepha ivimbela ukwakheka kwe-glucose esibindini kanye nokuqhekeka kwe-glycogen kuma-molecule eglucose.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amalungiselelo e-metformin akhulisa ukuzwela kwezicubu esenzweni se-insulin yazo, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise okuqukethwe kwayo egazini. Le ndlela isebenza ukwehliswa kwesisindo somzimba, njengoba amazinga aphezulu e-insulin efaka isandla ekuqongeleleni amafutha.
Imininingwane nge-prediabetes yethulwe kuvidiyo ekulesi sihloko.
