Izinga loshukela wegazi kungenye yezinkomba ezibaluleke kakhulu zokunquma ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwezitho eziningi zangaphakathi nezinhlelo. Isimo esivumelekile sikashukela wegazi siqinisekisa ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwawo wonke amasistimu nezitho zangaphakathi zomzimba. Amanani we-glucose esegazini lomuntu angahlukahluka ngokuya ngesikhathi sosuku, ukudla, ukusebenza komzimba kanye nesimo sokomoya.
Yiliphi izinga likashukela wegazi elamukelekayo kubantu abanempilo? Yiziphi izizathu zokuphambuka kwezinkomba ezijwayelekile futhi ziholelaphi?
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi inani loshukela egazini lihlala lishintsha - lingancipha noma linyuke kuye ngezidingo zomzimba. Ama-hormone amabili amakhulu alawula le ndlela eyinkimbinkimbi: i-insulin, ekhiqizwa ama-pancreas, ne-adrenaline, ukukhiqizwa kwawo kwenziwa yizindlala ze-adrenal.
Uma kunokungasebenzi kahle ekusebenzeni okuvamile kohlelo olunjalo, izinkinga zempilo ezinkulu ziyabhekwa, izinqubo ze-metabolic ziyaphazamiseka, futhi ama-pathologies wezitho ezahlukahlukene zangaphakathi nawo angenzeka.
Ushukela wegazi
Yiliphi izinga likashukela wegazi elibekwe yizindinganiso? Kusho ukuthini lokhu kukhomba, futhi yikuphi ukuphambuka kusuka esimeni esivunyelwe? Ngokulawula ushukela wegazi labo, abantu bangabona ukuphambuka kuzinkomba ezijwayelekile ngesikhathi futhi bakhombe izifo zangaphambilini.
Okuqukethwe kwe-glucose evumelekile (ekahle) yabo bonke abantu abaphilile kufanele kwehluka kusuka ku-3.2 kuye ku-5.5 mmol ilitha ngalinye. Isilinganiso esijwayelekile singakhushulwa sibe inani le-7, 7 mmol ngelitha.
Lezi zinkomba zisebenza lapho kuhlolwa ushukela wegazi ngomunwe. Ezimweni zaselebhu, kwenziwa isampula yezinto zokuhlola emthanjeni. Kulokhu, isilinganiselo esivumelekile sikashukela wegazi sikhuphukela ku-6.1 mmol ngelitha.
Ezinganeni ezincane, ukubalwa kwegazi okujwayelekile akuyona into ephansi kakhulu kunabantu abadala.
Ngokuya ngeminyaka, amanani ashukela ajwayelekile ayabhekwa futhi kufanele ahambisane nezibalo ezilandelayo:
- Ezinganeni kuze kube isikhathi seminyaka emithathu, amasampula egazi ukuthola ukuthi ukufundwa kashukela akuvamile, ngoba izinga le-glucose lingakazeki ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi lingaba nokuguquguquka okukhulu.
- Ezinganeni ezisukela eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwayisithupha, indlela ejwayelekile yoshukela wegazi ingahluka kusuka ku-3.3 kuya ku-5, 4. Cishe imikhawulo efanayo ehlala kuze kube yilapho ingane ifinyelela ebusheni.
- Phakathi kweshumi nanye neshumi nane, amanani eglucose asuka ku-3.3 kuya ku-5.6 abhekwa njengejwayelekile.
- Ushukela wegazi ezinganeni ngemuva kweminyaka eyishumi nane, kanye nakubantu abadala, akufanele udlule i-5.9 mmol ilitha ngalinye.
Ushukela wegazi ungakhula ngeminyaka, yingakho kubantu asebekhulile izinga lejwayelekile likashukela lisuka ku-4,6 laya ku-6.4 mmol ilitha ngalinye.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi amantombazane akhulelwe, kanye nabesifazane ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini, kungenzeka ukuthi baphakamisile amazinga kashukela egazi. Le nto ibhekwa njengejwayelekile futhi yenzeka maqondana nokungalingani kwe-hormonal. Lapho uthatha izilinganiso zikashukela ekhaya, ezimweni ezintathu kwezine, izinkomba kufanele zingabi semkhawulweni ojwayelekile.
Ushukela wegazi omkhulu, kungakhathalekile ubulili nobudala, okubonisa ubukhona be-pathology emzimbeni:
- ngesikhathi sokuhlaziywa kwegazi le-venous lidlula i-7 mmol ngelitha ngalinye
- lapho uthatha into yokuhlola evela emunweni, weqa ngo-6.1 mmol ilitha ngalinye.
Kungemva kokuthola imiphumela enjalo yezivivinyo ezilethwe esiswini esingenalutho lapho odokotela bezothumela isiguli kwezinye izifundo.
Isampula yegazi likashukela kufanele yenziwe njalo, ngoba imvamisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pathologies akuhambisani nezimpawu ezinzima.
Kwenziwa kanjani ukuxilongwa?
Zingaki izinkomba zeglucose egazini ezingalinganiswa ekhaya naselebhu.
Kunoma yisiphi isikhungo sezokwelapha, ungathatha ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuthola ukuthi ushukela wegazi uphezulu kangakanani.
Ukuhlaziywa, okokuqala kufanele ulungiselele umzimba futhi uthathe isampula yegazi.
Namuhla, kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zokuxilongwa kwelabhoratri:
- i-glucose oxidase;
- i-orthotoluidine;
- i-ferricyanide.
Zonke izindlela ezingenhla zahlanganiswa eminyakeni engamashumi ayisikhombisa yekhulu lamashumi amabili. Izinzuzo zabo eziphambili kungukulula kwenqubo, ukuthembeka nokuqukethwe kwemininingwane.
Imithetho eyisisekelo okumele ibonwe ngaphambi kokufaka amasampula egazi yile elandelayo:
- Ukuhlaziywa kuyimpoqo esiswini esingenalutho ekuseni.
- Ukudla kokugcina ngaphambi kwenqubo kufanele kwenziwe okungenani amahora ayishumi ngaphambi. Imikhawulo ifaka itiye noma ikhofi. Kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa amanzi amaminerali ajwayelekile.
- Ukushaqeka okungokomzwelo okunamandla, izimo ezicindezelayo nazo zingadala imiphumela engalungile. Kungakho kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa isimo esizolile futhi ungakhathazeki.
- Kwenqatshelwe ukuphuza utshwala izinsuku eziningana ngaphambi kwenqubo.
- Kwenqatshelwe ukunamathela ekudleni okuhlukahlukene nemikhawulo yokudla. Ukudla kufanele kukujwayele isiguli.
Imiphumela kashukela wegazi izokhombisa ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukuphambuka kuzinkomba ezijwayelekile.
Ekhaya, ukulandela inkomba efana nokuhlushwa kweglucose egazini nakho kungenzeka. Kulokhu, kunedivayisi ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi yi-glucometer. Kukule divayisi ongakwazi ukulandelela ngayo izinkomba ezinjengeshukela-evamile. Inqubo yokuthola imininingwane edingekayo ilula futhi ingabizi. Kungakho, namuhla, ama-glucometer ayinto ebaluleke kakhulu kubantu abanesifo sikashukela. Ngemuva kwakho konke, abantu abanesifo sikashukela bayadingeka ukuthi baziqaphele njalo izinkomba lezi, futhi ukuxhumana nezikhungo zezokwelapha ngaso sonke isikhathi akunampilo.
Ukuze unqume ushukela ongakanani, usebenzisa i-glucometer, udinga ithonsi elilodwa nje legazi futhi ngemizuzwana embalwa izilinganiso zizokhonjiswa esikrinini sedivaysi.
Noma ngabe iyiphi indlela yokuthola amazinga weglucose yegazi, izici ezilandelayo zingathinta nokunemba kwesilinganiso:
- ukuba khona kwezifo ezahlukahlukene noma ukwanda kwe-pathologies engapheli;
- izimo ezicindezelayo;
- ukukhulelwa noma isikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Ngemuva kokuthola imiphumela yocwaningo, udokotela ohambayo usungula ukuhlolwa. Izinga le-glucose egazini lingaba likhulu ngokweqile, libe kuhlu olungezansi kokujwayelekile, noma lidlule amanani avumelekile.
Yini engenza ukwanda kokusebenza?
Ukudlula izinkomba ezijwayelekile kukhombisa ukuba khona kwe-glycemia eyandayo emzimbeni.
Lesi simo singaba wumphumela wokuthuthuka kwezifo emzimbeni.
I-Hyperglycemia kungenzeka futhi ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto ezithile emzimbeni.
Izimbangela eziphambili ezithinta ukubonakala kwe-hyperglycemia yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, izimo ezicindezelayo ezinzima, kanye nezinye izingcindezi ezingokomzwelo.
- Ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile.
- Ukudla okungenampilo lapho kunokweqile kwama-carbohydrate alula.
- Imikhuba emibi ngendlela yokubhema noma ukusebenzisa kabi utshwala.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa zamahomoni e-steroid.
- Njengomphumela wokuthatha izidakamizwa ezahlukahlukene nge-estrogen noma i-caffeine.
Izifo ezinjalo zingaba nomthelela ekwandeni kwamazinga kashukela egazini:
- isifo sikashukela i-mellitus sohlobo lokuqala noma lwesibili;
- izinqubo ze-pathological zohlelo lwe-endocrine, zingaba yi-thyrotooticosis, i-acromegaly, noma isifo se-adrenal;
- izinqubo zokuvuvukala kumanyikwe ezinhlotsheni eziyingozi futhi ezingamahlalakhona noma ukuthuthukiswa kokukhula kwe-noo esitho, i-pancreatitis ngesinye sezifo ezivame kakhulu kuleli qembu;
- izifo zesibindi nezinso;
- i-cystic fibrosis;
- izifo zesistimu yezinhliziyo - ukushaywa unhlangothi noma ukufakwa kwethambo;
- ukwenzeka kwezinqubo ze-autoallergic ngenxa yokuvela kwama-antibodies ku-insulin.
Ukwanda kwesikhashana kwe-glucose, okuthi ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile kwenziwe kuthayithiswe, kungenzeka ngenxa yezifo ezilandelayo:
- Angina pectoris.
- Amabhayidi esithuthwane;
- Ukulimala okuhlukahlukene kwesigaxa;
- Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa okwenziwe kwizitho zepheshana lesisu;
- Ubuhlungu obukhulu;
- Ukuthola ukusha.
Uma amazinga kashukela wegazi angaphezulu kokujwayelekile, lokhu kungakhombisa ukungasebenzi kahle ekusebenzeni okuvamile kwamanyikwe. Nguwo lo mzimba obhekele ukwenziwa kwehomoni ngamanani adingekayo. Izindlela zabantu banamuhla zokuphila zingenza amazinga kashukela egazi asukume futhi akhuphuke.
Yiziphi izizathu zokuncipha?
Akunakubungozi kangako ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile komzimba kuncishiswa ukufundwa kwenani likashukela noshukela wegazi.
Kunezici eziningi ezingathinta ukuphambuka kwezinkomba futhi zinciphise inani lazo elijwayelekile kubi.
Iglucose egazini eliphansi kuwukubonakaliswa kwe-hypoglycemia, okungenzeka ngenxa yokuvezwa kwezinye izinto emzimbeni.
Izimbangela eziphambili ze-hypoglycemia:
- izifo zama-pancreas, izinqubo ezahlukahlukene zokuvuvukala zomzimba noma ukuba khona kwe-neoplasms kuwo;
- umdlavuza wesibindi, izindlala ze-adrenal noma izitho zomgudu wegastrointestinal;
- ngokuncipha kokusebenza kwe-yegilo;
- ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-hepatitis noma i-cirrhosis;
- nezifo zamathumbu ezihambisana nokukhipha ukungasebenzi kwezinto ezinhle ezizuzisayo;
- ngesikhathi sezifo ezithathelwanayo, ezihambisana nokwanda okukhulu kokushisa komzimba;
- ngokuya ngokudla okuqinile noma ngesikhathi sokuzila;
- uma kwenzeka kungalandelwa imithamo evunyelwe ngenkathi uthatha imithi ethile - i-insulin, i-amphitamine, i-anabolics noma i-salicylates;
- ngenxa yokudakwa kotshwala noma into equkethe i-arsenic;
- ngemuva kokuzikhandla ngokweqile komzimba.
Kukholelwa ukuthi ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi akulula kakhulu kunokukwedlula. Eqinisweni, uma ushukela wegazi wehla ngaphansi kwe-3.3 mmol ngelitha, lokhu kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi, kuze kufike ku-hypoglycemic coma. Kuyini i-hypoglycemia? Kuze kube manje, kunezindlela ezimbili zokuthuthuka kwayo - okuyiqiniso nokwamanga.
Esokuqala sizibonakalisa ngesimo sezimpawu eziphawuliwe zokwehla koshukela wegazi, okwesibili kukhula ngokungabikho kwalokho.
Yiziphi izindlela zokuvimbela?
Ushukela ophezulu wegazi ungadala izifo eziningi. Eminye yemiphumela emibi iya ngokuya iba ushukela.
Namuhla, i-pathology enjalo itholakala ngokwengeziwe emphakathini wanamuhla. Izici ezinjengokungondleki kahle, ukukhuluphala, indlela yokuphila yokuhlala phansi kanye nokuntuleka komzimba kuvusa ukukhula kwayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, indima ebalulekile idlalwa yindlela yokuphila yanamuhla yabahlali abaningi basemadolobheni - ukucindezelwa okungapheli, ukukhathala okungapheli kanye nokuntuleka kokuphumula okufanele. Ngaphambi kokulapha ushukela, kubalulekile ukubuyekeza kabusha indlela yakho yokuphila ejwayelekile nokwenza ushintsho oludingekayo kuyo.
Ukuze uvikele impilo yakho futhi unciphise ingozi yokuba nesifo sikashukela, wehlise ushukela wegazi, kufanele unamathele kulezi zincomo ezilandelayo:
- Vivinywa ngesikhathi esifanele izivivinyo zezokwelapha, qapha inani loshukela egazini. Kungcono ukuthola i-pathology ngesikhathi esifanele, ngoba imiphumela kashukela ophezulu wegazi ingaba mkhulu.
- Gada ikhwalithi nenani lokudla okuthathiwe. Ukunciphisa umthwalo kuma-pancreas, kanye nokuqinisekisa inani elijwayelekile le-insulin, kunconywa ukunciphisa umkhawulo wokudla kwama-carbohydrate alula (ushukela, i-confectionery nemikhiqizo yokubhaka, ukudla okulula) Izitsha ezinjalo zithathelwa indawo yimikhiqizo yamakhambi, ebilisiwe noma ebanjiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudla ngokweqile akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele, ngoba lokhu kuthinta ukusebenza kwamanyikwe futhi kunomthelela ekuzuzeni isisindo. Ngokufanelekile, izidlo phakathi nosuku kufanele zenzeke ngemithamo emihlanu nangezingxenyana ezincane. Kusihlwa, kungcono ukuzilinganisela kusihlwa kusihlwa. Ukudla okufanele kubalulekile ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ushukela wegazi ubuyela kokujwayelekile.
- Nikeza umzimba amandla omzimba asesilinganisweni. Kungaba amakilasi ekhaya noma ejimini, ukubhukuda echibini noma ukuhamba nsuku zonke kwehora-ihora emoyeni omusha. Indlela yokuphila esebenzayo inomphumela omuhle ekuthini i-glucose esejwayelekile egazini futhi inomthelela ekuthuthukisweni jikelele kwezempilo. Uma kunobungozi futhi ushukela wegazi ulokhu ukhula njalo, udinga ukuthola isikhathi semidlalo.
- Gwema izingcindezi nezinye izingcindezi ezingokomzwelo ezingathinti nje kuphela ushukela wegazi kubantu, kodwa futhi zibe yimbangela yezinye izifo eziningi.
Ukuhambisana nayo yonke le mithetho engenhla kuzobonakala kahle ekuthuthukisweni okuphelele kwempilo yabantu, inhlala-kahle izofika futhi noshukela ojwayelekile uzobhekwa.
Ukwelashwa ngemithi kufanele kunqunywe kuphela ngudokotela wezokwelapha uma kunesidingo.
Ukwenza ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa
Imvamisa, inkambo yokwelapha ngemithi inqunywa kuphela lapho kutholwa isifo esinjengesifo sikashukela. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuthatha imishanguzo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa zonke izindlela zokuvimbela okungenhla ngeke kulethe umphumela ofanele. Lapho silwa nokuthuthukisa i-pathology, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izindlela eziphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba kudalwe ngudokotela, kuvunyelwe futhi ukusebenzisa umuthi wendabuko ohlukahlukene. Kungaba itiye elilungiselelwe ngokukhethekile, ama-decoctions noma ama-infusions.
Kunezidakamizwa eziningi ezahlukahlukene ezinomphumela wokwehlisa ushukela. Inhloso yabo incike ezingeni lokuthuthuka kwenqubo ye-pathological.
Namuhla, ukwenza amazinga e-glucose abe ngokwejwayelekile, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa elinye lamaqembu amaningana emishini yezokwelapha.
Izidakamizwa ezitholakala kwe-sulfanylurea. Umphumela we-pharmacological ukukhuthaza ukucasulwa kwe-insulin ye-insulin. Inzuzo enkulu yaleli qembu lemithi ukubekezelela kalula umuthi yiziguli eziningi. Izidakamizwa ezenziwa eSulfanylurea zibandakanya i-Amaryl neDiabeteson yesifo sikashukela.
Imikhiqizo yezokwelapha eqenjini le-Biguanide. Umphumela wazo uhlose ukunciphisa isidingo soku secretion se-insulin. Abamele abaphambili bezidakamizwa kuleli qembu yiSiofor, Glucofage ne-Gliformin.
Imithi etholakala ku-thiazolidinol isiza ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi futhi ibe nomphumela omuhle ekuvumelaneni kwephrofayili ye-lipid.
Imithi ehlobene nama-incretins (Bagomet, Metglib).
Umuthi okhethelwe ukwelashwa kufanele uthathwe ngokuhambisana nemithamo eqondile eboniswe udokotela ohambelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo sesiguli, izinga lomsebenzi womzimba, kanye nesigaba sesisindo kufanele kubhekwe. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuzilawula ngokwako kwemithi enjalo kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu, ekuholeni kwe-hypoglycemia.
Kule vidiyo ekulesi sihloko, u-Elena Malysheva, kanye nochwepheshe, bazokhuluma ngezindlela zokulinganisa nezinga le-glucose egazini.
