Isifo sikashukela mellitus ebusheni sinezici ezihambisana nokushintshwa kwama-hormone. Ukukhula okusheshisa kanye nokuthomba kwenzeka ngokukhiqizwa okukhulayo kwama-hormone okukhula kanye nama-hormone ocansi, enza ngendlela ehlukile maqondana ne-insulin.
Isifo sikashukela sokuthomba senzeka ngokuzwela okuncishisiwe kwamangqamuzana emisipha namafutha kuya kuma-insulin. Ukuphikiswa okunjalo kwe-insulin ngokomzimba ngesikhathi sokuthomba kukhulisa amandla okunciphisela ushukela futhi kuholele ekuthini izigaxa kushukela wegazi.
Amantombazane aneminyaka engu-15 yobudala anaka ngokukhethekile ukubukeka, futhi ukuphathwa kwe-insulin kungahle kuhambisane nokwanda kwesisindo somzimba, ngakho-ke kuthambekele emikhawulweni yokudla nasekuhlaselweni njalo kwe-hypoglycemia.
Izici zesifo sikashukela ebusheni
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela ebusheni kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokubhujiswa kwe-autoimmune kwamaseli e-pancreatic. Lokhu kwenzeka ezinganeni ezinabazali noma izihlobo eziseduze ezinesifo sikashukela. Ukudluliswa kwezakhi zofuzo ezihambisana nesifo sikashukela akusho ukuthi ingane izogula.
Ukuze osemusha akhule isifo sikashukela, udinga into edala ukulimala kweseli nokukhiqizwa kwama-antibodies ngokumelana nezicubu zakho zepancreatic. Indlela ebangela yesifo sikashukela sentsha ingaba ngamagciwane, ingcindezi, izinto ezinobuthi, umuthi, ukubhema, kokubili kubafana namantombazane.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 senzeka ngokuntuleka kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin futhi ukubonakaliswa kwayo kwenzeka phakathi nenkathi lapho cishe kungekho khona amaseli we-beta asele kumanyikwe. Ngakho-ke, izingane ezinjalo ziyaphoqelelwa kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala futhi zikujova impilo yonke ye-insulin. Uma kwenzeka wephula lo muthi, ingane ingaba nenkinga yesifo sikashukela.
Eminyakeni engu-15 edlule, kuye kwaba nesibalo esikhulayo soshukela sohlobo 2 kubantu abasebasha. Lokhu kungenxa yokwanda kwesibalo sezingane ezinokukhuluphala kanye nokuzivocavoca okuphansi komzimba. Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kuholela ekwandeni kwe-insulin, okuyisici seminyaka engu-13- 13 yokuphila futhi, lapho kuvela khona ukuthi kunofuzo, kucasula isifo sikashukela.
Ngohlobo lwesibili lwesifo emzimbeni, izinguquko ezinjalo zenzeka:
- I-insulin ikhiqizwa ngokwanele, ekuqaleni ingaphezulu kokujwayelekile.
- Amaseli wesibindi, amangqamuzana emisipha nezicubu ze-adipose akakwazi ukudonsa ushukela egazini, njengoba ama-receptors engaphenduli i-insulin.
- Isibindi siqala ukuhlukana kwe-glycogen kanye nokwakheka kwe-glucose kusuka kuma-amino acid kanye namafutha.
- Ezicubu zomzimba nesibindi, inani le-glycogen liyancipha.
- Amazinga we-cholesterol yegazi ayakhuphuka.
Kukhona futhi uhlobo olukhethekile lwalesi sifo (i-MODY) lapho izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezingakayihlanganisi nokungahambisani ne-insulin kanye nokulimazeka kwe-autoimmune.
Iziguli, njengomthetho, zinokwehla okuncane kokusebenza kwe-beta cell, akukho ukuthambekela kwe-ketoacidosis, isisindo somzimba sejwayelekile noma siphansi. Ishukela likashukela elinjalo livela kaningi phakathi kweminyaka eyi-15 nengama-21.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela sentsha
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela entsheni zivame kakhulu njengokujwayelekile futhi ziqhubeke ngokushesha ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Izimpawu eziphambili zihambisana nezinga eliphakeme le-glucose egazini: ukomela okukhulu, okungabi yinto encane ngemuva kokuthatha isamba esikhulu soketshezi. Imvamisa kanye nevolumu yokuchama kuyanda, kubandakanya ebusuku.
Ukunyuka kokukhishwa komchamo kanye nesidingo esandayo soketshezi ngisho nangaphandle kwengcindezi ye-osmotic yegazi ebangelwa yi-hyperglycemia. Ukwehla kwesisindo sohlobo 1 sikashukela kubangelwa ukulahleka kwamanani amaningi amanzi kanye nama-carbohydrate asuka ekudleni, umzimba ongakwazi ukukuthola lapho kungekho i-insulin.
Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zesifo sikashukela emantombazaneni asakhula iyisiyingi esingajwayelekile sokuya esikhathini noma ukuntuleka kokuya esikhathini, okungaholela emuva ekungazalini ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-ovulation. Nge-Type 2 sikashukela mellitus, i-polycystic ovary ihlala ikhula ngokuncipha kokuqukethwe kwama-hormone ubulili besifazane egazini.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela emantombazaneni aneminyaka engaba ngu-15:
- Ukukhathala, amandla aphansi okusebenza.
- Ukushintshashintsha okubukhali ngemuva kwesizinda semizwa, ukucasuka kanye nokudabuka.
- Amandla okucindezela, ukunganaki.
- Izifo zesikhumba: i-furunculosis, induna, i-neurodermatitis, izifo zokukhunta.
- I-Candidiasis yolwelwesi lwe-mucous lwesitho sangasese somlomo wesibeletho kanye nomlomo wesibeletho.
- Ukulunywa kwesikhumba, ikakhulukazi ku-perineum.
- Izifo ezithathelwanayo ezijwayelekile.
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus sivame ukwenzeka sibe nezimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwemithambo yegazi, ngenkathi osemusha onesifo sikashukela esinezinga lokucindezela kwegazi, i-cholesterol ephezulu, i-dyslipidemia, i-nephropathy kanye ne-microcirculation ephazamisekile emaphethelweni aphansi, ukushuba kanye nomuzwa wokuxineka emilenzeni.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela eshumini nambili ngokuxilongwa kwesifo ngalesi sikhathi zihambisana nokwanda kwemizimba ye-ketone egazini. Lokhu kwenzeka uma isilinganiso soshukela wegazi seqiwe ngokweqile, futhi umzimba uhlangabezana nokushoda kwamandla ashubile, okuzama ngawo ukwakheka kwama-ketones.
Izimpawu zokuqala ze-ketoacidosis zingaba isicanucanu nobuhlungu besisu, lapho-ke ukugabha futhi kwandise ubuthakathaka, ukuphefumula okunomsindo nokuphefumula kaningi, iphunga le-acetone emoyeni elihlanganisiwe. I-ketoacidosis ethuthukayo iholela ekulahlekelweni kokungazi nethambo.
Izimbangela ze-ketoacidosis ebusheni yisidingo esandayo se-insulin ngokumelene nesizinda sokushintshashintsha kwesizinda se-hormonal, ukungezelelwa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo noma ezinye ezihlangene, ukwephulwa okuphindaphindwe kokudla kanye ukweqa ukuphathwa kwe-insulin, ukusabela kwengcindezi.
Izici zokwelashwa zentsha ezinesifo sikashukela
Ukwephulwa kwezincomo zikadokotela, ukushiywa kwemijovo ye-insulin kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo enqatshelwe, kanye notshwala nokubhema kwenza ukwelashwa kwe-mellitus yesifo sikashukela entsheni kube nzima kakhulu ngokunikezwa komthetho we-hormonal ongazinzile wezinqubo ze-metabolic.
Okujwayelekile kwabasakhulayo ukwanda kwe-glycemia ekuseni kakhulu - into eyenzeka ekuseni kakhulu. Isizathu sale nto ukukhululwa kwama-hormone we-contra-mahormone - i-cortisol, i-hormone yokukhula, ama-hormone egqugquzela i-thyroid.
Imvamisa, inani eliphakeme kangako lama-hormone linxephezelwa ukukhushulwa okuphezulu kwe-insulin, kepha lokhu akwenzeki kwisifo sikashukela sokukhula. Ukuvikela i-hyperglycemia ekuseni kakhulu, kufanele kusetshenziswe umthamo owengeziwe we-insulin.
Esikhathini esisuka eminyakeni eyi-13 kuye kweyi-15, isidingo se-insulin singadlula i-1 unit nge-1 kg yesisindo somzimba ngosuku. Kulokhu, i-Somoji syndrome ingakhula - i-insulin engapheli. Uma inqubo kashukela wegazi ingafinyelelwanga, khona-ke umzimba ufinyelela ku-hypoglycemia njengesimo esicindezelayo, esivuselela izindlala ze-adrenal kanye nokukhululwa kwe-glucagon egazini.
Izimpawu zokweqisa kwe-insulin:
- Ukushintshwa kwemizwa ejwayelekile nezinguquko zokuziphatha.
- Ubuthakathaka obungazelelwe kanye nekhanda, okuncipha ngemuva kokudla ukudla okunoshukela.
- Ukulimazeka okubukwayo kwesikhashana kanye nesiyezi.
- Kwehliswe ukusebenza kwengqondo nangokomzimba.
- Iphupho elikhathazayo ngamaphupho amabi.
- Ukukhathala nokukhathala ngemuva kokulala.
- Umuzwa ongapheli futhi ongabekezeleleki wendlala
Isibonakaliso esibucayi sesifo sikaSomogy siyintuthuko ebikhona lapho kukhona izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane noma ihlumela le-insulin.
Isizathu sempilo engemihle kwisifo sikashukela singaba umthamo onganele we-insulin, lapho i-hyperglycemia ibonwa njalo egazini, izibungu zentsha ekukhuleni zivela kontanga, akukho ukuhlaselwa kwe-hypoglycemia, izinga le-hemoglobin ye-glycated liphezulu, futhi lapho kusetshenziswa umthamo owengeziwe we-insulin, isiguli sizwa kangcono.
Amantombazane kudingeka akhumbule ukuthi i-glycemia ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuya esikhathini futhi ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuya esikhathini ingaba ngaphezulu, ngakho-ke kudingeka uguqule umthamo we-insulin esebenza isikhathi eside ne-insulin esebenza isikhathi esifushane.
Ukuvimbela izinkinga zesifo sikashukela entsheni
Inkambo yokuba nesifo sikashukela esisekuthweni kungaholela ekukhuleni kokuqala kwezinkinga zesifo sikashukela, izinkinga zokufunda, ukukhula komzimba nokukhulelwa.
Ngakho-ke, ngalesi sikhathi, ukugcina indices ze-glycemic ezisondele kokujwayelekile ngangokunokwenzeka inhloso eyinhloko yokwelapha. Ngale njongo, ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kunqunywa kuphela ngefomu eliqinisiwe: kabili ukwethulwa kwe-insulin isikhathi eside futhi kathathu umjovo omfushane ngaphambi kokudla okuyinhloko.
Kungenzeka ukulawula inkathi yesifo sikashukela ngesikhathi sokuthomba kuphela ngokubheka ngokucophelela i-glycemia phakathi nosuku nokuhambisana nemithetho yokudla. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-insulin iholela ekwandeni kwesisindo somzimba, ngakho-ke udinga ukubala nsuku zonke hhayi kuphela inani lama-carbohydrate, kodwa futhi nokudla okuphelele kwekhalori.
Lapho wenza ukwelashwa kwe-insulin ebusheni, le mithetho elandelayo kufanele ibonwe:
- Ukuziqapha kwe-glycemia kanye nokulungiswa kwamthamo we-insulin ngesikhathi soshintsho ekudleni noma ekusebenzeni komzimba.
- Ukuhambela njalo ngudokotela we-endocrinologist, udokotela wezifo zamehlo nodokotela wezifo zamehlo, futhi, uma kunesidingo, udokotela wezifo zamehlo, udokotela ohlinzayo nodokotela ohlinzayo. Ukubonisana nge-TB kanye ngonyaka.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated okungenani isikhathi esingu-1 ngekota, i-ECG kanye njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.
- Ukwanda komthamo we-insulin wezifo ezithathelwanayo futhi, futhi emantombazaneni izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuya esikhathini.
- Okungenani kanye ngonyaka, ukwelashwa kwe-prophylactic esibhedlela ngokukhethwa komthamo we-insulin kukhonjisiwe.
Ukufakwa komzimba ngokomzimba ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela kwirejimeni yosuku akusizi kuphela ukunciphisa isilinganiso se-insulin esetshenziselwa ukulungisa i-hyperglycemia, kodwa futhi kukwandisa ukuphendula kuma-receptors ama-hormone asesibindi, izicubu nezicubu ezinamafutha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezemidlalo ejwayelekile ziqeqesha uhlelo lwezinhliziyo nezemisipha, ukukhuthazela okwandayo nokusebenza, futhi ziyakwazi ukukhuphula isimo somoya, sibonga ukukhululwa kwama-endorphin (ama-hormone e-injabulo) egazini. Lokhu kutholakala ikakhulukazi emithwalweni ejwayelekile ejwayelekile, ehlala okungenani imizuzu engama-40 ngosuku.
Ividiyo ekule ndatshana inemininingwane yezimpawu zesifo sikashukela entsheni.
