Ukunambitheka okungathandeki emlonyeni kuyisibonakaliso esivamile seswekile. Ngokukhuphuka okungapheli koshukela wegazi, umuntu uzwa ukunambitheka okumnandi noma i-acetone emlonyeni wakhe, okuvame ukuhambisana nephunga le-acetone elisuka emgodini womlomo.
Lokhu kunambitheka akukwazi ukudonswa ngaphandle ngokuhlafunwa noma ngamazinyo, ngoba kubangelwa ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwe-endocrine emzimbeni. Ungasusa kuphela ngokuelashwa okuphumelelayo kwesifo sikashukela, okuyisisekelo sakhona esilawula ngokuqinile amazinga kashukela wegazi.
Kepha ukuze uqonde ukuthi kungani kunokunambitheka emlonyeni onesifo sikashukela, kuyadingeka ukuqonda ukuthi lesi sifo siyini nokuthi iziphi izinguquko emzimbeni wesiguli ezisibangela.
Izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus sezinhlobo ezimbili - eyokuqala neyesibili. Ngohlobo 1 sikashukela kubantu, ukwephulwa kwamasosha omzimba kwenzeka ngenxa yezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, ukulimala nezinye izinto. Lokhu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi amaseli omzimba aqala ukuhlasela izicubu ze-pancreatic, ebhubhisa ama-β-cell akhiqiza i-insulin.
Ngenxa yalokhu kuhlaselwa okunjalo, ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone insulin kuyingxenye noma kumisiwe ngokuphelele emzimbeni womuntu. Lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela luvame ukutholakala ezinganeni nakubantu abasha abaneminyaka engaphansi kwengama-30, yingakho luhlala lubizwa ngokuthi yisifo sikashukela sabantwana.
Ngohlobo 2 sikashukela, secretion ye-insulin ihlala ijwayelekile noma ikhuphuke, kepha ngenxa yendlela yokuphila engafanele, futhi ikakhulukazi isisindo esiningi ngokweqile, umuzwa womuntu ngaleli hormone ukhubazekile, okuholela ekuthuthukiseni ukumelana ne-insulin.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sivame ukutholakala ezigulini zabantu abavuthiwe nabadala abanezinkinga ezinkulu zempilo futhi zikhuluphele.
Lesi sifo kuyaqabukela sithinta abantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-40.
Ukunambitheka kwe-acetone kushukela
Zonke iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zinoshukela wegazi ophezulu. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokwephulwa kwe-carbohydrate metabolism, lapho i-glucose ingangenwa khona ngamangqamuzana omzimba futhi iqhubeke nokuhlala egazini lesiguli.
Kepha njengoba i-glucose ingenye yemithombo ebaluleke kakhulu yamandla emzimbeni wakho wonke, lapho isilela, iqala ukubheka ezinye izindlela zokubuyisa ukulinganisela kwamandla. Kuze kube manje, umzimba uqala ukucubungula ngentshiseko amanoni angabantu angaphansi, okuvame ukuholela ekulahlekelweni kwesisindo isiguli ngokushesha.
Inqubo yokumuncwa kwamafutha ihambisana nokukhipha izidumbu ze-ketone egazini, eziyingozi ubuthi. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-acetone inobuthi obuphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwabo, izinga elikhulayo elibonakala egazini cishe lazo zonke iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela.
Kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi isiguli singathola ukunambitheka okungathandeki kwe-acetone emlonyeni, futhi ukuphefumula kwayo kungahle kube nephunga le-acetone. Lolu phawu luvame ukusiza ekutholeni isifo sikashukela kusenesikhathi, lapho isiguli sesivele sinamafutha abukhali ushukela wegazi, kepha akukho zimpawu zokuphazamiseka.
Ezinye izinkomba ezikhombisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela:
- Ukukhathala okungapheli
- Ukoma okwedlulele - isiguli singaphuza kuze kufike kumalitha ayi-5 amanzi uketshezi ngosuku;
- Ukuchama okwenzeka kaningi futhi okunamaphutha amaningi - iziguli eziningi zivuka ebusuku ukuzikhipha i-bladder yazo;
- Ukwehla kwesisindo okubukhali futhi okungenakuqhathaniswa;
- Indlala enkulu, ikakhulukazi isifiso sokudla okuthile okumnandi;
- Amanxeba nokusikeka kuphulukisa kabi;
- Ukulunywa kakhulu kwesikhumba nokuqunqa, ikakhulukazi emilenzeni;
- Ukubonakala esikhumbeni sokudumba namathumba;
- Ukulimazeka kokubonakalayo;
- Hlikihla kwabesifazane nokungabi namandla kocansi emadodeni.
Ukunambitheka kwe-acetone kungenzeka hhayi esigabeni sokuqala sesi sifo, kodwa ezigabeni zakamuva zesifo sikashukela. Imvamisa, kukhombisa ukukhula kwe-hyperglycemia lapho amazinga kashukela egazi efika emazingeni abucayi.
Uma ukuhlaselwa kwe-hyperglycemic kungamiswa ngokushesha, isiguli singaba nenye yezinkinga eziyingozi kakhulu zesifo sikashukela i-mellitus - isifo sikashukela sikashukela. Kubonakala ngokwanda okukhulu kwezinga lemizimba ye-ketone egazini, esebenza ngobuthi kuwo wonke izicubu zomzimba, ikakhulukazi kumaseli ezinso.
Kulesi simo, ukunambitheka kwe-acetone emlonyeni kudalulwa kakhulu, futhi iphunga le-acetone ngesikhathi sokuphefumula lizwakala kalula ngisho nangabanye abantu. Uma kuvela izimpawu ezinjalo, kuyadingeka ukufaka ngokushesha i-insulin ngokushesha ukuze wehlise ngokushesha ushukela wegazi.
Uma lokhu kungalethi impumuzo oyifunayo, khona-ke kufanele ufune usizo kudokotela ngokushesha, ngoba ukubambezeleka kugcwele imiphumela eyingozi.
Uma kungekho ukwelashwa okwanele, i-ketoacidosis iholela ekwakhiweni kwe-ketoacidotic coma, evame ukuholela ekufeni.
Indlela emnandi yesifo sikashukela
Iziguli ezinenkinga yesifo sikashukela zivame ukuba nokunambitheka okumnandi emilonyeni yazo, eziphikelelayo noma ngabe umlomo uvinjwe kahle ngamanzi noma ngosizo lokuhlanza. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lapho kugxotshwa ushukela omningi emzimbeni, ushukela ovela egazini ungena emathekwini, uwunikeze umva wokudla okumnandi.
Ebantwini abaphilile, amathe, njengomthetho, awanakho ukunambitheka, kepha ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela, ihlala iba ne-aftertaste emnandi, eqina ngokwanda okuphawulwe kushukela wegazi. Ngalesi sisekelo, isiguli singanquma kalula ukuqala kwe-hyperglycemia futhi sithathe izinyathelo ezifika ngesikhathi zokunciphisa ukugxila kwe-glucose.
Futhi, i-aftertaste emnandi yesifo sikashukela ingabizwa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuhlangenwe nakho okuqinile ngokomzwelo. Iqiniso ngukuthi ngengxabano enkulu yemizwa, umuntu ukhiqiza ama-hormone okuxinzelela - i-adrenaline ne-cortisol, ekhulisa ushukela wegazi kakhulu.
Ezimweni ezicindezelayo, umuntu udinga amandla amaningi, futhi ukuze akwazi ukukunika umzimba, isibindi ngaphansi kwethonya lama-hormone siqala ukukhiqiza i-glycogen ngenkuthalo, lapho, lapho ingena egazini, iguqulwa ibe ushukela. Kepha abantu abanesifo sikashukela abanayo i-insulin eyanele ukumunca kahle ushukela bese bayiguqula ibe amandla, ngakho-ke noma ikuphi ukucindezela kubangela ukwanda okukhulu kushukela wegazi.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, iziguli eziningi ngesikhathi semizwa enamandla zinaka ukubukeka nokunambitheka okumnandi emlonyeni. Lesi sibonakaliso sisayina esigulini mayelana nezinga elibucayi loshukela wegazi kanye nesidingo sokwengeza umjovo we-insulin emfushane.
Esinye isizathu sokubonakala ukunambitheka okumnandi emlonyeni ukuphathwa kwezidakamizwa ze-glucocorticosteroid kushukela. Le mishanguzo i-analogue yokwenziwa yama-hormone e-adrenal, esiza ukukhulisa ukugcwala kwe-glucose emzimbeni.
Izidakamizwa ezilandelayo zeqembu lama-glucocorticosteroids:
- Alclomethasone;
- I-Betamethasone;
- Beclomethasone dipropionate;
- Budesonide;
- IHydrocortisone;
- I-Dexamethasone;
- Methylprednisolone;
- Mometazonefuroate;
- I-Prednisone;
- Triamcinolone Acetonide;
- I-Fluticasone propionate;
- I-Flucortolone.
Kuyadingeka ukuthatha le mithi enoshukela ngokunakekelwa okukhulu, uqiniseke ukuthi ulungisa umthamo we-insulin ukuvimbela ukwanda koshukela wegazi. Uma ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa kwama-glucocorticosteroids isiguli sinokunambitheka okumnandi emlonyeni, lokhu kubonisa umthamo onganele we-insulin nesidingo sokuyandisa. Ukunambitheka okumnandi kushiwo ikakhulukazi lapho umuntu edla iDexamethasone yesifo sikashukela.
Ukunambitheka okumnandi emlonyeni nakho kungaba ngumphumela wokusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokugomela, ama-antidepressants, nezindlela zokuvimbela inzalo zehomoni. Zonke izidakamizwa ezingenhla zithinta isizinda se-hormonal sesiguli, okuvusa ukwenyuka kweglucose yegazi.
Ukuze unciphise imiphumela emibi yale mishanguzo, njengasesimweni se-glucocorticosteroids, kufanele ukhuphule umthamo we-insulin noma ubeke ezinye izidakamizwa eziphephe kubantu abanesifo sikashukela.
Ekuphetheni, kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi ukubonakala kokunambitheka okumnandi noma kwe-acetone kushukela kuhlale kukhombisa ukwanda kwesimo sesiguli futhi kudinga isenzo ngokushesha. Yishukela legazi eliphakeme ngokungamahlalakhona elibhekele ukunambitheka okungathandeki emlonyeni okuyisizathu esiyinhloko sokukhula kwezinkinga ezinzima kushukela.
Ukugwema imiphumela eyingozi yesifo sikashukela, kwanele ukulawula ngokuqinile isilinganiso se-glucose emzimbeni, ukuvimbela ukwanda ushukela ngaphezulu kwezinga le-10 mmol / l, okubalulekile emzimbeni womuntu.
Ukunambitheka okumnandi emlonyeni kuwuphawu lokuqala lwe-hyperglycemia. Yiziphi ezinye izinkomba ezikhombisa ukuthuthukiswa kwale nto ezotshela ividiyo ekulesi sihloko.
