Ngeshwa, isifo esifana nesifo sikashukela 2 sithinta abantu abaningi minyaka yonke. Ngokuya kokushona, ihlela owesibili, owesibili kuphela ku-oncology. Ingozi yesifo esinjalo ayikhona kuphela emazingeni we-glucose aphakama njalo, kepha ekwehlulekeni cishe kwayo yonke imisebenzi yomzimba.
Isifo “esimnandi” asilashwa, unganciphisa kuphela ubungozi bezinkinga futhi uvikele uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin. Ukulungisa amazinga kashukela ngokwejwayelekile, ngokuyinhloko banquma ukudla okune-carbohydrate ephansi kanye nokuzivocavoca umzimba okujwayelekile. Kuyavela ukuthi uhlobo lwe-2 yesifo sikashukela kanye nokwelashwa kokudla kuyindlela eyinhloko neyisisekelo yokwelapha.
Uma ngosizo lokwelashwa kokudla akunakwenzeka ukufeza imiphumela oyifunayo, kufanele uqale uthathe izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela, isibonelo, iSralral, Metformin noma iGlucobay. Kuyadingeka nasekhaya ukuqapha ukubalwa kwegazi nge-glucometer.
Ukuze uqonde izimbangela zokugula okunjalo futhi ubhekane nakho ngokuphumelelayo, imigomo yokwelashwa kokudla izachazwa ngezansi, kuzokwethulwa uhlu lwemikhiqizo evunyelwe, kanye nokwelashwa.
Izimbangela nezimpawu
Isifo sikashukela sisho izifo zohlelo lwe-endocrine lapho amazinga kashukela egazi eqhubeka njalo ukukhuphuka. Lokhu kungenxa yokwehla kokuxineka kwamaseli, kanye nezicubu ze-insulin ye-hormone, ekhiqiza amanyikwe.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umzimba ukhiqiza le hormone ngamanani anele, kodwa amangqamuzana awasabeli nawo. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi yi-insulin ukumelana.
Akukho sizathu esisodwa nesicacisiwe sokuvela kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, kodwa odokotela bakhombe izici zobungozi, esinye sazo esineminyaka engama-40 ubudala. Kungale minyaka lapho kutholakala isifo sikashukela. Kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi lesi sifo sikhule ngokumangazayo. Ngokunokwenzeka, isiguli simane nje sazishaya indiva izimpawu zesifo sikashukela iminyaka eminingi, ngokwenza kanjalo sidambisa umzimba.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela:
- ukoma
- umlomo owomile
- ukuphulukiswa kancane kwamanxeba nokulimazeka;
- ukuchama njalo;
- ukukhathala;
- ukozela
Uma okungenani eyodwa yezimpawu ibonakala, kunconywa ukuthi uvakashele udokotela oyi-endocrinologist ayohlaziya ukuze akhiphe noma aqinisekise ubukhona bokugula. Ukuxilongwa kulula kakhulu - ukulethwa kwegazi elinama-venous ne-capillary. Uma uzazi izimpawu nokwelashwa kuzosebenza.
Ukuvela kwesifo sikashukela kuvame ukubonwa kulezi zigaba zabantu:
- iminyaka engaphezu kuka-40;
- uhlobo lwesisu esikhulu ngokweqile;
- ukungondleki okungafanele, lapho ama-carbohydrate akhanyayo (amaswidi, imikhiqizo kafulawa) eba khona ekudleni;
- indlela yokuphila yokuhlala ngaphandle kokuzivocavoca umzimba okufanele
- umfutho wegazi ophakeme;
- ukuba khona kwesifo sikashukela ezihlotsheni eziseduze.
Lapho welapha isifo "esimnandi", kufanele unamathele ngokuqinile ekudleni okuhlose ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi.
Ukwelashwa kokudla
Ukudla okwakhiwe kahle okwenziwe ngokubandakanyeka, okuhambisana nokuzivocavoca okulinganiselayo kungaba ukwelashwa okuphezulu kwesifo sikashukela. Omunye wemithetho eyinhloko ukungalambile noma ukudla ngokweqile. Inani lokudla liphindwe kasithupha ngosuku. Ukudla isidlo sokugcina okungenani amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokulala.
Thayipha isifo sikashukela sesi-2 kanye nokwelashwa kokudla kuqinisa ushukela wegazi. Kuze kube yingxenye yokudla kwansuku zonke kufanele kube yimifino. Futhi, imenyu yansuku zonke kufanele ifake okusanhlamvu, izithelo, inyama noma inhlanzi, nemikhiqizo yobisi.
Umzimba womuntu onesifo sikashukela uhlushwa amavithamini namaminerali alahlekile. Lokhu kungenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwezinqubo ze-metabolic hhayi kuphela uhlelo lwe-endocrine. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukudla ngokulingana.
Kusukela kokungenhla, izimiso eziphambili zokudla zingahlukaniswa:
- ukudla ngezingxenye ezincane, izikhathi eziyisithupha ngosuku;
- umthamo omncane wamanzi - amalitha amabili;
- Musa ukulamba noma ukudla ngokweqile;
- isidlo sakusihlwa kufanele sibe lula, kufanele uzilinganisele nengilazi yomkhiqizo wobisi olubilisiwe noma amagremu ayi-150 koshizi wekhokho;
- izithelo kufanele zifakwe ekudleni kwasekuseni;
- lapho kulungiswa izitsha zemifino sebenzisa kuphela imikhiqizo yezinkathi ezithile;
- Imikhiqizo ongayikhetha ngokuya nge-GI.
Konke ukudla kwesifo sikashukela kufanele kube nenkomba ephansi ye-glycemic. Ama-endocrinologists anamathela kule nkomba kulungiselelo lokwelashwa kokudla.
Ngaphezu kokubheka izimiso zokudla okunempilo, umuntu akufanele akhohlwe ngokuphathwa kokushisa okuvumelekile, okuhloselwe ukungabikho kwe-cholesterol embi ezitsheni.
Ukupheka kuvunyelwe ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
- ubilise;
- kwabashadikazi;
- ku-microwave;
- bhaka kuhhavini;
- kumpheki ohamba kancane;
- isitshulu, sebenzisa inani elincane lamafutha zemifino.
Kuyadingeka ukutadisha ngokwehlukana umqondo we-GI futhi ufunde ngokuzimela, ukwakha ukudla, okusekelwe kokuncamelayo kokunambitheka komuntu siqu.
Impela, ukukhetha imikhiqizo yabanesifo sikashukela kunokubanzi futhi kukuvumela ukupheka izitsha eziningi ezinempilo.
Imikhiqizo ye-GI ekwelashweni kokudla
Inkomba ye-glycemic iyinkomba ekhombisa umphumela womkhiqizo othile ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwawo ekwandeni ushukela wegazi. Imikhiqizo ene-GI ephansi iqukethe ubunzima bokwehla i-carbohydrate, okungadingeki kuphela esigulini, kepha futhi isikhathi eside imnika umuzwa wokuphefumula.
Isifo sikashukela kudingeka sikhethe kulezo zigaba zokudla ezinama-GI aphansi. Ukudla okunenani eliphakathi nendawo kungaba ekudleni kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile, kungadluli kabili ngesonto. IGI ephezulu yemikhiqizo iyakwazi ukukhuphula izinga likashukela iye ku-4 mmol / l ngesikhathi esifushane.
Inkomba ye-glycemic yemikhiqizo ihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu. Kepha ngaphezu kwaleli nani, udinga ukunaka okuqukethwe kwekalori kokudla. Ngakho-ke, okunye ukudla kunenani lama-zero amayunithi, kepha kuqukethe i-cholesterol embi nokuqukethwe kwekhalori ephezulu.
Amafutha akhanyayo azothatha i-lard, engaqukethe i-carbohydrate futhi enamayunithi angama-0, kepha aphethwe ngokuphelele yisifo sikashukela. Isigaba se-GI:
- 0 - 50 PIERES - aphansi;
- I-50 - 69 PIERES - phakathi;
- ngaphezulu kwe-70 PIERES - ephezulu.
Kunetafula elikhethekile lemikhiqizo elinezinkomba, ukuze kube lula esigulini ukubhala imenyu. Eminye imikhiqizo ngemuva kokwelashwa okushisa ingakhuphula kakhulu inkomba - lezi izingulule kanye nezaqathi. Ngefomu eluhlaza bavunyelwe, kepha kuphekwe ngaphansi kokuvinjelwa.
Ukudla okwelaphayo kukuvumela ukuthi upheke izitsha ezivela kwimifino enjalo:
- anyanisi;
- zonke izinhlobo zeklabishi - iklabishi elimhlophe nelibomvu, amahlumela eBrussels, ukholifulawa, u-broccoli;
- ugarlic
- isitshalo seqanda
- Utamatisi
- ubhontshisi oluhlaza nobhontshisi we-asparagus;
- insimbi
- uphizi;
- squash;
- ikhukhamba.
Abantu abaningi bajwayela ukuba namazambane etafuleni labo. Kepha ngesifo “esimnandi”, kungcono ukusenqaba ngenxa ye-GI ephezulu. Ezimweni ezingandile kakhulu, lapho kusenqunywe ukuthi kudle ama-nezilimo eziyizigaxa, kufanele zifakwe kuqala emanzini ngobusuku. Ngakho-ke, ungaqeda isitashi bese wehlisa kancane inkomba.
Imifino yesifo sikashukela ingumthombo wamavithamini, amaminerali kanye ne-fiber. Akugcini nje amasaladi amasha asalungiswa kubo, kodwa nezitsha eziseceleni, kanye nezitsha eziyinkimbinkimbi. Izinhlobo zokunambitheka ezivunyelwe ngama-greens - isipinashi, ulethisi, i-oregano, i-basil, i-dill ne-parsley.
Izithelo ziyingxenye ebaluleke ngokulinganayo ekwelashweni kokudla. Izinga elivumelekile lansuku zonke akufanele lidlule i-150 - 200 amagremu. Awungeke wenze ama-juices ezithelo noma nge-index ephansi. Ngale ndlela yokwelashwa, balahlekelwa i-fiber futhi ushukela ungena egazini ngokunamandla.
Lapho udla, izithelo nezithelo ezilandelayo ezivunyelwe:
- UCherry
- I-Apricot
- eliphakathi kwe;
- umpe;
- i-Persimmon;
- ama-currants amnyama nabomvu;
- zonke izinhlobo zezithelo zamawolintshi - i-orange, ulamula, i-grapefruit, i-mandarin, i-pomelo ne-lime;
- ugqumugqumu;
- ipipi elimnandi;
- peach.
Kunezinto eziningi ezibalulekile ezitsheni ezomisiwe, akukho ngaphezu kwamagremu angama-50 ngosuku avunyelwe. Kuhle ukufaka izithelo ezomisiwe ezinhlamvu, ngaleyo ndlela udale isidlo sokudla esigcwele. Izithelo ezomisiwe ezine-GI ephansi - ama-apricots omisiwe, umlimi unquma namakhiwane.
Inyama, i-offal, inhlanzi kanye nokudla kwasolwandle nakho kuyingxenye yemenyu yansuku zonke. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinhlanzi kufanele zibe khona okungenani kathathu ekudleni kweviki. Izinhlobo zamafutha amancane nezinhlanzi ziyakhethwa. Isikhumba nezinsalela zamafutha ziyasuswa kubo, lapho kungekho mavithamini, kodwa kuphela i-cholesterol embi.
Imikhiqizo elandelayo inconywe ama-endocrinologists:
- inyama yenkukhu;
- inyama yomvundla;
- i-turkey;
- inyama yenkomo;
- izigwaca;
- isibindi senkukhu;
- isibindi senyama yenkomo;
- ulimi lwenyama yenkomo;
- amaphaphu enkomo.
Ayikho imikhawulo ekukhetheni kokudla kwasolwandle. Ukusuka ezinhlanzini, ungakhetha i-pollock, i-hake, i-pike noma i-perch.
Amakhekhe angumthombo wamandla, ngakho-ke anikeza umuzwa wokugcwala isikhathi eside. Abanye babo bane-GI ephezulu, ikakhulukazi irayisi elimhlophe. Inketho yalo kuzoba ilayisi elinsundu (elinsundu), eline-GI yalo engama-50 PIECES. Kupheka isikhathi eside - cishe imizuzu engama-45.
I-Pearl ibhali ibhekwa njengosawoti obaluleke kakhulu, i-GI yayo ingama-22 PIERES kuphela. Ezinye izinhlobo zokusanhlamvu nazo zivunyelwe:
- izigaxa zebhali;
- i-buckwheat;
- i-oatmeal;
- iphalishi kakolweni.
Ngendlela, ubukhulu wephalishi, wehlisa inkomba yalo.
Kunemikhawulo embalwa emikhiqizweni yobisi nemikhiqizo yobisi. Zonke zenzelwe ukudla okunamafutha. Ngakho-ke, kuzoba nengqondo ukwenqaba ukhilimu omuncu, imajarini kanye nebhotela.
Ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa
Uma ngosizo lokwelashwa kokudla akunakwenzeka ukufeza imiphumela oyifunayo, udokotela uyaphoqelelwa ukuba anikeze izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela. Ukukhetha kwabo emakethe yezokwelapha kukhulu.
Ukuzelapha okwenqatshelwe akuvunyelwe, ngoba wonke amaphilisi anemiphumela yawo emibi. Udokotela we-endocrinologist kuphela ongakhetha amaphilisi afanele esiguli, kucatshangelwa izici zakhe zomzimba nenkambo yalesi sifo.
Umgomo wezidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela ukukhuthaza amaseli we-pancreatic ukukhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin ye-hormone ukuze kusegazini inani elifunekayo.
I-TOP - Izidakamizwa ezi-5 ezaziwa kakhulu zesifo "esimnandi":
- I-Glucobai - yehlisa izinga lokufakwa kwama-polysaccharides egazini;
- imishanguzo yeqembu le-sulfonylurea, ngokwesibonelo, iGlisoxepide, ihlose ukunciphisa ukumelana ne-insulin;
- I-pioglitazone (thiazolidinone derivatives) - ikhuthaza ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana nezicubu ukungena ku-insulin;
- I-Novonorm - ikhulisa ukusebenza kahle kwamanyikwe, ngaleyo ndlela ikhiqiza i-insulin ethe xaxa.
- umthamo ohlukile Metformin 850 noma 1000 ukhulisa ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana nezicubu kuma-insulin.
Ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa kuqala ngokuqokwa kwesidakamizwa esisodwa kuphela.
Uma ngisho nakulesi simo kungeke kwenzeke ngokwejwayelekile izinga le-glucose egazini, khona-ke ukwelashwa kufaka amaqembu amaningana amaphilisi anciphisa ushukela.
Izinyathelo ezingeziwe
Lapho kukhona isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ukwelashwa kufanele kufake phakathi umsebenzi owanele womzimba. Lokhu kusebenza njengesinxephezelo esihle kakhulu samazinga aphezulu kashukela.
Okusho ukuthi, lapho kudlalwa ezemidlalo emzimbeni, zonke izinqubo ze-metabolic ziyasheshiswa, futhi ushukela udonswa ngokushesha.
Lesi sifundo kufanele sinikezwe okungenani isigamu sehora ngosuku. Uma ungakwazi ukukwenza nsuku zonke, khona-ke okungenani udinga ukuhamba emoyeni omusha ngezinyawo imizuzu engamashumi amane.
Ungazikhetha lezi zinhlobo zomsebenzi womzimba zabanesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili:
- Yoga
- Ukuhamba kwe-Nordic
- Ukuhamba
- ukugijima;
- ukuhamba ngebhayisikile
- ukubhukuda.
Uma umuntu efuna ukufunda ekhaya, khona-ke ku-inthanethi kunezifundo eziningi zevidiyo ezinikezelwe ngokukhethekile kwabanesifo sikashukela.
Uma ukuqeqeshwa kwenzeka ngaphandle kwendlu futhi emva kwabo kunomuzwa wokulamba, khona-ke kuvunyelwe ukwenza isidlo esingeziwe - isidlo. Inketho efanelekile ingaba ngama-50 amagremu amantongomane, aqukethe amaprotheni anempilo, abe ne-GI ephansi futhi ahle ekulweni nesifiso sokudla. Vele ungeqi isilinganiso esivumelekile sansuku zonke, ngoba umkhiqizo onjalo unekhalori ephezulu.
Kusukela kukho konke okungenhla, kufanele kuphethwe ngokuthi ukubonakaliswa kwesifo sikashukela kungancishiswa ngokusebenzisa imithetho emibili kuphela: landela imigomo yokwelashwa kokudla ushukela bese uvivinya umzimba njalo.
Kwividiyo ekulesi sihloko, udokotela uzokhuluma ngokubaluleka kokwelashwa kokudla isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
