Iziguli eziningi ezithola i-hyperglycemia ziyawuthakasela lo mbuzo, kuliphi izinga likashukela wegazi elithola isifo sikashukela? I-Pathology igcwele umhlaba wonke kangangokuba ingenye yezimbangela eziphambili zokufa.
Sekuyisikhathi eside bekhuluma ngamanani athusayo: eRussia kuphela, abantu abayizigidi eziyi-9.6 abanesifo sikashukela.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuxilongwa kwalesi sifo ezisetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuxilongwa. Noma yikuphi ukufundwa kufaka izinkomba ezihlukile zesimo esejwayelekile, wonke umuntu odinga ukwazi ngazo. Kungenxa yalezi zindinganiso ukuthi odokotela banqume ukuthi kutholakele yini.
Izimpawu kanye nezinkinga zesifo
Ukuthuthukiswa kohlobo 1 lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kubangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwe-autoimmune. Esimweni sokuqala, ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone enciphisa ushukela kuyamiswa ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwamaseli e-beta akwi-islet Apparatus ye-pancreas.
Ngohlobo 2 sikashukela, kunokuphazamiseka embonweni owanele we-insulin ngamaseli eqondiwe. Yize ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone kungasebenzi, amazinga kashukela egazi ayakhula kancane.
Kungaphansi kwaziphi izimo isifo sikashukela? Okokuqala, udinga ukunaka izimpawu ezifana nomlomo owomile, ukoma okunzima nokuchama kaningi. Lezi zinguquko emzimbeni zenzeka ngenxa yokuxineka okwandayo ezinso - isitho esibhangqiwe esisusa wonke ubuthi emzimbeni, kufaka noshukela owedlulele. Ngaphezu kwalezi zimpawu, kunezinye izinkomba eziningi zomzimba ezibonisa ukwanda ushukela wegazi:
- ukunciphisa umzimba ngokushesha;
- umuzwa ongapheli wendlala;
- umfutho wegazi ophakeme;
- isiyezi kanye nekhanda;
- ukugaya ukudla okucashile (isifo sohudo, isicanucanu, ukuthopha);
- ukungabekezeleleki futhi ukozela;
- ukutheleleka kwesikhumba nokulunywa;
- ukuphulukiswa kwamanxeba amade, ukubonakala kwezilonda;
- ukungahambi kahle kokuya esikhathini;
- ukungasebenzi kwe-erectile;
- ukudinwa nokuqina kwamalunga.
Uma uthola lezo zimpawu kuwe, udinga ukuxhumana nodokotela ngokuphuthumayo. Uma kusolwa isifo sikashukela, udokotela uyalela isiguli ukuthi siyohlolwa ezinye. Imiphumela yokuhlaziya isiza ukuphika noma ukwenza ukuxilongwa.
Akumele sikhohlwe ukuthi ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa okungaziwa kwalesi sifo kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu. Ngokuphazamiseka isikhathi eside kwe-metabolic, ikakhulukazi ama-carbohydrate, kuvela ama-pathologies alandelayo:
- Ukulimala kwe-Glycemic kudinga ukulashwa okuphuthumayo esibhedlela.
- I-ketoacidotic coma, evela ekuqongeleleni kwemizimba ye-ketone enobuthi emzimbeni. Isibonakaliso esiyingqayizivele kunazo zonke sokukhula kwayo iphunga le-acetone elivela emlonyeni.
- Ama-Micro and macroangiopathies, ahlanganisa i-retinopathy, i-neuropathy, i-nephropathy kanye nonyawo lwesifo sikashukela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinkinga ziyaqapheleka, njengesifo senhliziyo, i-glaucoma, i-cataract.
Izinkomba zesifo sikashukela
Indlela ethandwa kakhulu futhi esheshayo yokuthola ukunakekelwa kweglucose ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Kokubili igazi le-capillary ne-venous lisetshenziselwa ukuqoqwa. Okokuqala, isiguli kufanele silungiselele isifundo.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, awukwazi ukudla okumnandi ngokweqile futhi uzikhandle ngosuku lokugcina ngaphambi kokunikela ngegazi. Imvamisa, i-biomaterial iphuzwa esiswini esingenalutho, yize kungenzeka ngemuva kokudla. Esimweni sesibili, isiguli sinikezwa ingilazi yamanzi noshukela oxutshwe ngokwesilinganiso esingu-1/3. Ukuhlaziywa okunjalo kubizwa ngokuthi isivivinyo sokulayisha noma ukuhlolwa kwe-glucose.
Isiguli kufanele sazi izici ezithonya ukufundwa kweglucose. Lokhu kufaka izifo ezithathelwanayo nezingamahlalakhona, ukukhulelwa, ukukhathala nengcindezi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kuyadingeka ukuhlehlisa ukuhlaziywa isikhathi esithile.
Ngezinkomba ezilandelayo, udokotela udonsa iziphetho ezithile:
- imvamisa esiswini esingenalutho, inkomba ye-glycemic isuka ku-3.5 iye ku-5.5 mmol / l, ngemuva kokuphuza uketshezi noshukela ongaphansi kuka-7.8 mmol / l;
- ngesidalo esiswini esingenalutho, inkomba ye-glycemic isukela ku-5.6 kuye ku-6.1 mmol / l, ngemuva kokuphuza uketshezi noshukela kusuka ku-7.8 kuya ku-11.0 mmol / l;
- nge-dibet esiswini esingenalutho, inkomba ye-glycemic ingaphezu kuka-6.1 mmol / l, ngemuva kokuphuza uketshezi noshukela ngaphezu kuka-11.0 mmol / l;
Ngaphezu kwalokho, unganquma ushukela wegazi ekhaya usebenzisa i-glucometer. Kodwa-ke, amathuba okungenzeka ukuthi ucingo lukhombisa umphumela oyiphutha lufika kuma-20%. Ngakho-ke, ngemiphumela edumazayo, ungesabi ngokushesha, mhlawumbe umane wenza iphutha. Ukuze uthole ukwazi ngokuba khona kwesifo sikashukela ngesikhathi, i-WHO incoma ukuthi bonke abantu abasengozini bathathe isivivinyo sikashukela okungenani kanye ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.
Isifo sikashukela sitholakala nini ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwegazi? Kuhlolwa futhi i-glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C). Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ucwaningo lunquma ngokunembile izinga loshukela, lwenziwa izinyanga ezintathu. Umphumela wokuhlaziywa uyinkomba yesilinganiso seglue ngaphezulu kwesikhathi esithile (kaningi izinyanga ezintathu). Izinkomba ezilandelayo zibonisa:
- Mayelana nokungabikho kwesifo sikashukela - kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-5 mmol / l.
- Mayelana ne-prediabetes - kusuka ku-5 kuye ku-7 mmol / l.
- Mayelana nesifo sikashukela esilinganiselwe - kusuka ku-7 kuye ku-9 mmol / l.
- Mayelana neshukela elibolile - ngaphezulu kwe-12 mmol / l.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze udokotela ahlole isifo sikashukela, kuhlolwa umchamo kashukela kwesinye isikhathi. Kumuntu ophile kahle, ushukela kufanele ungafakwa kuketshezi lomzimba. Ukubona ubukhulu besifo kanye nezinkinga zalesi sifo, umchamo uyahlolwa ukuze uthole okuqukethwe yi-acetone namaprotheni.
Ukuthola ukuthi hlobo luni lwesifo sikashukela isiguli esinalo, kusetshenziswa isifundo se-C-peptide.
Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela?
Uma isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 senzeka ngenxa yento yezakhi zofuzo zisencane, khona-ke uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela luba ikakhulu ngenxa yokukhuluphala ngokweqile. Akukho okufanele kwenziwe ngecebo lokuthola ifa, kepha ungakwazi futhi kufanele ulwe namanye amakhilogremu.
Enye yezinto eziphambili zokuvimbela nokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela kungukudla okulinganiselayo nokugcina isisindo esijwayelekile.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, isiguli kufanele singafaki eminye imikhiqizo eyingozi ekudleni:
- ushokoledi, amakhekhe, amakhekhe namanye amaswidi;
- izithelo ezimnandi: amagilebhisi, ubhanana, ama-gooseberries, ama-apricots nabanye;
- amasoseji, amasoseji, inyama ebhemayo, imiphando, izifutho;
- noma yikuphi ukudla okunamafutha nokuthosiwe.
Ukufinyelela ukunciphisa umzimba, umuntu onesifo sikashukela kufanele avivinye umzimba njalo. Ukwelapha ukuzivocavoca ngesifo sikashukela kungenziwa nsuku zonke. Uma isiguli singabandakanyekanga kwezemidlalo isikhathi eside, ungaqala ngokuhamba ngezinyawo okulula. Kunezindlela eziningi zokuhamba, isibonelo, iScandinavia noma i-terrenkur. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iziguli zingandisa ukukhathazeka ngokulawula i-glycemia yabo. Ngemuva kwalokho ungaya ukubhukuda, ezemidlalo, ukugijima, i-yoga, ama-Pilates, njll. Ngoba ukuzivocavoca kwandisa ingozi yokwehla okubukhali kwe-glucose, abanesifo sikashukela kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi babe nocezu kashukela, ikhukhi, noma uswidi nabo.
Ukuze ugweme noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi, isiguli kufanele siye ehhovisi likadokotela siyobonisana ngemidlalo nokudla. Ukusungula umsoco ofanele lapho kutholakala ukuthi isifo sikashukela, kufanele ufake phakathi ekudleni kwakho:
- Izithelo ezingenakuthunyelwa: peach, ulamula, owolintshi, ama-apula aluhlaza.
- Imifino emisha (imifino, utamatisi, ukhukhamba).
- Imikhiqizo yobisi yesikhumba.
- Inyama enamafutha amancane nenhlanzi (inyama yenkomo, inkukhu, i-hake, njll.).
- Isinkwa Sama-coarse.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abasengozini yesifo sikashukela kufanele bahlole amazinga abo kashukela njalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ithuluzi le-glucometer, lapho iziguli zingathola ngokushesha izinga le-glycemia. Uma uthola imiphumela engafuneki, ukuhlolwa kukadokotela akunakubekwa eshalofini.
Ukuze uchwepheshe ahlonza isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 noma uhlobo 1 sikashukela, kufanele abe nethemba ekuhlolweni kwe-glucose ekhuphukayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwenziwa ucwaningo. Ukuthola umphumela onembe kakhudlwana, kungakuhle ukuthi uhlaziye amahlandla amabili kuya kwamathathu. Ngokusekelwe ohlolweni, udokotela wenza isiphetho esifanele.
Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi kunezindlela eziningi zokuxilonga lesi sifo. Into ebaluleke kunazo zonke ukunquma inketho engcono kakhulu kuwe. Lapha udinga ukucabanga ngejubane nekhwalithi yokuhlaziywa. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kweshukela kwegazi kubhekwa njengokusebenza kakhulu. Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko izokusiza ekutholeni lokho okubhekwa njengokujwayelekile koshukela kushukela.
