Ukuthuthuka kwesifo sikashukela kungaba ngokushesha, izimpawu zanda ngokushesha, noma ngisho nesifo sikashukela kuqala sitholakale lapho isiguli siphuthunyiswa esibhedlela sikhubazekile. Le ncazelo ilungele kakhulu isifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin, iba khona ngokushona kwamaphesenti angama-90 amaseli e-pancreatic.
Uhlobo lwesibili sikashukela lubonakala ngokwanda kancane kancane kwezimpawu nokwanda ushukela wegazi, ngoba ukumelana ne-insulin kuvame ukukhula kancane. Kwandulelwa isikhathi senkambo yakamuva yesifo sikashukela, lapho izimpawu zingakabonakali khona futhi, ngokokuhlola kwegazi okujwayelekile ushukela, ngeke kutholakale ngaso sonke isikhathi isifo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ucwaningo lokulayisha ushukela lubhalwe phansi - ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela ushukela.
Ukutholwa kusenesifo sikashukela kusenesikhathi lapho ukubekezelelwa kwe-glucose kungasebenzi kahle kusiza ukubambezela ukuthuthukiswa kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, kudambise inkambo yaso futhi kuvikele nezinkinga zemithambo yegazi.
Unganquma kanjani isifo sikashukela?
"Uma ushukela ungu-6.4 kusho ukuthini? "- Imibuzo enjalo ivame ukuhlangana neziguli ezihlole ushukela wegazi wazo okokuqala. Ukuze uqonde izimo ezinjalo, kufanele wazi ukuthi yimaphi amanani ajwayelekile we-glycemia. Kumuntu ophilile ngemuva kwamahora angu-8 ngemuva komthamo wokugcina, bhala ushukela wegazi 3.3 -5.5 mmol / l.
Uma inkomba inkulu, kepha ingeqi ku-7 mmol / L (njengasesibonelweni esingenhla), lapho-ke kutholakala ukuxilongwa kwe-prediabetes, noma ukubekezelelwa kwe-glucose. Lesi simo siyisimo esiphakathi kokujwayelekile nesifo. Izimo ezinjalo zibolekisa kahle ngokulungiswa ngokudla, ngokuzivocavoca umzimba, nangokusebenzisa umuthi wendabuko.
Imvamisa, iziguli azidingi ukwelashwa okukhethekile kokulwa nesifo sikashukela, ikakhulukazi uma isisindo singesjwayelekile noma isiguli sizokwehlisela ku-index yesisindo somzimba ngaphansi kwama-27 kg / m2. lapho kungekho zinguquko ekudleni nasendleleni yokuphila, isigaba esilandelayo siqala - isifo sikashukela.
Ukufihlakala kwesifo sikashukela ukuthi amazinga kashukela okuzila angaba evamile, kepha lesi sifo siyaqhubeka. Ngakho-ke, izifundo ezinembe kakhudlwana zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuxilongwa: izinga le-hemoglobin ye-glycated kanye nokuhlolwa kokubekezelela kweglucose.
I-hemoglobin ye-Glycated ihlolwe egazini, kungakhathalekile isikhathi sosuku noma sokudla. Kukhombisa ukuguquguquka kushukela wegazi ezinyangeni ezi-3 ezedlule. Lokhu kungenzeka ngoba i-glucose esegazini yakha ikhemikhali eqinile ene-hemoglobin. Iqoqo lamaprotheni e-glycated liphezulu, kukhulu ukukhuphuka koshukela ngalesi sikhathi.
Ukuhunyushwa kwemiphumela yokunqunywa kwe-glycated hemoglobin (inkomba ku-mmol / l):
- Ngezansi kuka-5.7 inkomba ejwayelekile.
- I-7 - 6.4 - isigaba sesifo sikashukela se-latent, ukubekezelela i-glucose kuncishisiwe.
- Uma izinga likashukela wegazi lingama-6.4 noma ngaphezulu, khona-ke lokhu kushukela.
Indlela yesibili yokuxilonga isimo se-carbohydrate metabolism ikhombisa ukuthi umzimba ubhekana kanjani nokwenyuka koshukela ngemuva kokudla. Imvamisa, ngemuva kwesikhathi esingamahora 1.5 - 2 ngemuva kokudla, ushukela egazini uvela kumaseli wezicubu ngenxa yesenzo se-insulin ekhishwe. Izinga lakhe libuyela kuleso ebesisesiswini esingenalutho.
Ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, i-insulin ayanele noma ukumelana nakho sekuthuthukile kuyo. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngemuva kokudla, ushukela usala ezitsheni, ucekela phansi udonga lwawo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngenxa kashukela okhuphukayo, isiguli sizwa ukoma kanye nendlala engapheli, ukuphuma komchamo nokuphuma emzimbeni kuyavela. Kancane kancane, ezinye izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ziyajoyina.
Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela kwe-glucose kudala izimo zokudla. Lokhu, ngemuva kwekhefu ekudleni okudla (imvamisa amahora ayi-14), isiguli silinganisa ushukela wegazi wokuqala, bese sinikeza isisombululo se-glucose lapho sine-g g. Isilinganiso esiphindaphindekile se-glycemia senziwa ngemuva kwamahora ayi-1 nambili.
Isigaba sangaphambi kwesifo sikashukela sibonakaliswa ukwanda kwamahora ama-2 ngemuva kokufakwa ushukela we-glucose kuye ku-7.8-11.0 mmol / L. Uma amanani atholakala ephakeme noma alingana no-11.1 mmol / l, lapho-ke kutholakala ukuthi kutholakala isifo sikashukela. Ngokufanelekile, zonke izinombolo ezingaphansi kuka-7.8 mmol / L zingaba sesimweni esijwayelekile se-carbohydrate metabolism.
Ukuhlolwa kokukhuthazela kokushukela okulingene, imithetho elandelayo kumele ilandelwe:
- Akufanele kube khona izifo ezithathelanayo.
- Ngosuku lokuhlolwa, ungaphuza kuphela amanzi.
- Akunakwenzeka ukubhema ngesikhathi sokufunda naphakathi kwayo.
- Izinga lomsebenzi womzimba livamile.
- Ukuphuza umuthi (noma yikuphi, ikakhulukazi okuthinta ushukela wegazi) kufanele kuvunyelwane nodokotela wakho.
Ukudla akufanele kuguquke: akunakwenzeka ukukhawulela ukudla noma ukuthatha amanani amaningi okudla notshwala. I-carbohydrate yokudla okungenani ama-150 g ngosuku. Kusihlwa (isidlo sokugcina ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa), kubalulekile ukuthi ukudla kuqukethe kusuka ku-30 kuye ku-50 g wama-carbohydrate.
Ezinganeni, ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela ushukela kusenziwa ngokuthatha ushukela, umthamo wawo ubalwa ngesisindo - i-1.75 g ngekhilogremu eyi-1, kepha inani eliphelele alikwazi ukudlula kuma-75 g. Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, ucwaningo lubekelwa amasonto angama-24 kuya kwayi-28 ekhulelwe.
Ukuhlolwa akuboniswanga amanani angaphezulu kuka-7 mmol / l (uma kulinganiswa esiswini esingenalutho), ikakhulukazi uma lawo manani etholwe kabusha.
Futhi, i-infyoction ye-myocardial, i-trauma yokwehla okukhulu kwegazi, ukuhlinzwa, ukuzalwa kwengane noma ukopha kakhulu kwesibeletho kungakapheli inyanga ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kungukuphambana kokusebenza kwayo.
Izizathu zokuthuthuka kwe-prediabetes
Zombili izinto ezizalwe kabusha (ifa lokuphambuka) kanye nezinto ezitholakalayo kungadala ukuncipha kokubekezelelwa kwe-glucose. Ukuphazamiseka kwezakhi zofuzo kungadluliselwa kusuka ezihlotsheni eziseduzane eziye zathola inkambo yesifo sikashukela esingejwayelekile.
Isici esiyinhloko esihambisana futhi sithuthukise ukuphazamiseka kwe-carbohydrate metabolism kubhekwa ukukhuluphala. Okuyingozi kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwesifo sikashukela ukugcwala kwamafutha esiswini. Ukusungulwa kwasekhaya okunjalo kunomthelela ekuthuthukiseni ukumelana kwezicubu zomzimba okuthola i-insulin.
Futhi, ukuba khona kwesiguli kwe-hypertension ye-arterial eqhubekayo, i-cholesterol ephezulu, izimpawu ze-atherosclerosis noma ezinye izifo ze-vascular kwandisa ingozi yokuba nesifo sikashukela se-latent. Indlela yokuphila yokuhlala nokusetshenziswa kokudla okuhlanjululwe okuqukethe ushukela kanye namafutha ezilwane kwenza ushukela ube lula.
Kunezifo eziningana lapho udinga ukulawula izinkomba zeglucose yegazi ukuze ungaphuthelwa ukwenzeka kwe-prediabetes. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- Isifo sesibindi esingamahlalakhona.
- Izinqubo zokuvuvukala kumanyikwe.
- Umsebenzi wezinso ongasebenzi kahle.
- Gout
- Izifo zohlelo lwe-endocrine lapho kukhiqizwa khona ama-insulin antagonists.
- Ukuthatha izidakamizwa ze-hormonal, amaphilisi okulawula ukuzala, ama-diuretics isikhathi eside.
- I-Thyrotooticosis.
- Uma isiguli sineminyaka engaphezu kwama-45 ubudala.
Izizathu zokuthuthuka kokubekezelela okungahambi kahle kuma-carbohydrate ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kufaka okhuluphele, ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30 ubudala, ama-polycystic ovaries angaphambilini, ukungahambi kahle kwesisu, ukuzala kosana, izingane ngesikhathi sokuzalwa ezinesisindo esingaphezu kwama-4,5 kg.
Kungani ukumelana kweglucose kwehla?
Ukwephulwa kokubekezelela ama-carbohydrate kuba umphumela wokuhlanganiswa kwezinguquko ekuvikelweni kwe-insulin nokuzwela okunciphile kwamaseli wezicubu kuwo. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kusebenza ngenxa yokudla (hhayi ngempela ama-carbohydrate), futhi ukuphuma kwayo egazini kwenzeka ngokwanda kokuxineka koshukela egazini.
Ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kwenzeka lapho kuvezwa ama-amino acid (i-leucine ne-arginine), ama-hormone: i-cholecystokinin, i-adrenocorticotropic hormone, i-insulinotropic peptide encike kakhulu, kanye ne-estrogen, amalungiselelo e-sulfonylurea. I-secretion nayo inyuka ngokuqukethwe okweqile kwe-potassium, i-calcium, okunamafutha acid yamahhala egazini.
Ukunciphisa ukwakheka kwe-insulin kwenzeka ngethonya le-glucagon, i-hormone ekhiqizwa kumanyikwe, kodwa ngamanye amaseli.
Izitho ezihlosiwe eziphambili ezixhomeke ekuvezweni kwe-insulin yisibindi, izicubu zomzimba kanye nezicubu ze-adipose. Amaseli kulezi izicubu aba ukungazweli (ukumelana) ne-insulin. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukumuncwa kwe-glucose kwezicubu eziphelele kuyancipha, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-glycogen kuvinjelwe futhi ukuthuthukiswa kokuqala kwesifo sikashukela kuqala.
Uhlobo lokugcina lwesifo sikashukela nalo lubangelwa ezinye izimbangela ezingaholela ekulweni ne-insulin. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- I-foci engapheli yokuvuvukala.
- Ukulimala kokukhubazeka kwe-capillary, okuthikameza ukuhamba kwe-insulin kwezicubu odongeni lomkhumbi.
- I-Acidosis
- Izinguquko ekwakhekeni kwe-insulin.
- Ukwanda komsebenzi we-adrenal gland, i-pituitary gland noma i-placenta (ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa).
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela esisebusweni
Ukwehla kokubekezelela kwe-glucose ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhula kwe-pathology kungahle kungabonakali ngokomtholampilo. Iziguli zivame ukuba nesisindo somzimba esithe xaxa, futhi ukuhlolwa kwembula: ukushesha kwe-standardoglycemia (ushukela osegazini we-peripheral kuvamile noma kukhudlwana), ukuntuleka kweglue emchameni.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela azicacanga, kepha ukubona kwazo kufanele kwazise udokotela nesiguli. Imvamisa, ukubekezelela ushukela okhubazekile kuhambisana nokuqhaqha, i-furunculosis, ukulunywa yinsini noma isikhumba, ukopha kwezinsini, isifo se-periodontal kanye nokwelashwa isikhathi eside kwenxeba.
Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Hormonal ngesimo sobuthakathaka bezocansi, ukungahambi kahle kokuya esikhathini, ukuzala, i-amenorrhea kungenzeka.
Uma ukwelashwa kungaqalwa ngesikhathi, umtholampilo ungangezelelwa ngezimpawu ezijwayelekile kwisifo sikashukela:
- Ukwanda kwesifiso sokudla, ikakhulukazi amaswidi.
- Ukudonswa ukoma nomlomo owomile, ukukhuphuka kokudla okungamanzi.
- Ukuchama kaningi
- Yehlise ukungatheleleki kwezifo, izifo ezihlasela njalo noma zokukhunta.
Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela
Ezimweni ezijwayelekile, izindlela ezingezona izidakamizwa zisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukwelashwa kokudla ushukela kanye nokuzivocavoca komzimba. Inhloso enkulu yokuqokwa kwabo ukunciphisa isisindo somzimba ngokweqile kwayo. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kudla kukukhawulela inani lamakhalori ngenxa yama-carbohydrate alula namafutha emvelaphi yezilwane.
Ukudla okwenziwa njalo kunconywa ezingxenyeni ezincane izikhathi ezi-5 noma ezi-6 ngosuku. Ukudla kufanele kube nemifino emisha eminingi ngohlobo lwama-saladi noma amasoso asanda kufakwa, ukudla okunamafutha amancane, ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi neziphuzo zobisi olunosawoti, ushizi we-cottage shizi.
Imikhiqizo yenyama ingasetshenziswa, ngaphandle kwenyama enamafutha, inyama ebunjiwe, inyama ekheniwe, amanoni, amasoseji omkhiqizo nemikhiqizo eseqediwe. Izitsha zokuqala zikhetha ukupheka imifino.
Ukuze uvikele i-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, kunconywa ukukhawulela, futhi kungcono ukukhipha ngokuphelele, ekudleni imikhiqizo enjalo:
- Ushukela, uju, ujamu.
- Ijusi elihlanganisiwe, umpe kanye neziphuzo ezinoshukela ezinekhabhoni.
- I-confectionery, namakhekhe.
- Isinkwa esimhlophe, ukubhaka.
- Ukudla okulula, ama-chip.
- Ukudla okusheshayo
- Izithelo ezihlanganisiwe.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-semolina, ilayisi, amazambane, i-pasta yezitsha eziseceleni kunomkhawulo, awudingi ukukhetha ubhanana, amakhiwane, amagilebhisi, izinsuku, kanye nama-dessert e-cottage shizi, ama-yogurts amnandi kokwenza kophudingi.
Isidingo sokuvimbela isifo sikashukela ukufakwa kombuso wosuku lomsebenzi womzimba. Zingakhethwa ngokuya ngokuthandwa yisiguli, kepha isikhathi seseshini akufanele sibe ngaphansi kwemizuzu engama-30 ngosuku. Kubantu asebekhulile, ukuhamba ngezinyawo, ukuhamba ngezinyawo, i-yoga, ukubhukuda, ukuvivinya umzimba, ukudansa kuyanconywa.
Ukuvimbela ukwanda koshukela wegazi, kanye nokwenza ngcono inqubo ye-metabolic, kunconywa ukusebenzisa ama-infusions kanye nama-decoctions wamakhambi: amaqabunga e-walnut, izithelo ezibomvu ne-aronia, utshani be-galega, amaqabunga obhontshisi, ama-blueberries anesifo sikashukela i-mellitus noma i-lingonberries, ama-raspberries, izimpande ze-dandelion, i-chicory.
Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko inikeza izincomo zokunciphisa ushukela wegazi.
