I-glucose iyithuluzi lamandla lomhlaba jikelele elidingekayo ekusebenzeni okugcwele kwazo zonke izitho nezicubu zangaphakathi, kubandakanya nengqondo. Ukuphambukisa ushukela kusuka kumanani ajwayelekile kungaholela ekuphazamisweni komzimba wonke.
Izinga likashukela egazini, ikakhulukazi ushukela, kufanele lilawulwe ukuze umthombo wamandla oyinhloko utholakale kalula kuzo zonke izitho nezicubu, kodwa akufanele ube semchameni.
Lapho kunokwephulwa komzimba we-ushukela emzimbeni, lokhu kungabonakala ngesimo se-hyperglycemic state (ushukela omningi) noma isimo se-hypoglycemic (ushukela wegazi ophansi).
Iziguli eziningi zinentshisekelo, ushukela wegazi 5 - ingabe kuningi noma kukuncane? Ukuphendula lo mbuzo ophuthumayo, udinga ukubheka izinkomba ezijwayelekile, ufike eziphethweni ezifanele.
Yini ebhekwa njengokujwayelekile?
Umuntu ophilile ngokuphelele ongenawo umlando wesifo sikashukela unoshukela wegazi ku-3.3 kuya ku-5.5 amayunithi (esiswini esingenalutho). Esimweni lapho i-glucose ingangenwa khona emazingeni eselula, izinga loshukela emzimbeni liqala ukuhamba kancane kepha ngokuqinisekile likhuphuke.
Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, ushukela yitimu yamandla yendawo yonke edingekayo ekusebenzeni komzimba wonke.
Esigulini sohlobo lokuqala lwesifo, amanyikwe awakhiqizi i-hormone. Ngohlobo lwesibili lwe-pathology, isitho sangaphakathi sakha inani elifanele le-hormone, kepha izicubu ezithambile zomzimba zilahlekelwe umuzwa wazo, ngokulandelana, futhi azikwazi ukukubona ngokuphelele.
Lapho amaseli "ebulawa yindlala", ikakhulukazi, angatholi inani lamandla adingekayo, inhlala-kahle yomuntu nayo iyashintsha. Isiguli sinobuthakathaka obukhulu, ukunganaki, ushesha ukukhathala, ukukhubazeka kulahlekile.
Futhi, umzimba uzama ngokuzimela ukuqeda ushukela okweqile, ngenxa yalokho izinso ziqala ukusebenza kakhulu, ngenxa yalokho isiguli siqala ukuvakashela indlu yangasese kaningi.
Ezenzweni zokwelapha, kuyisiko ukuhlukanisa izinkomba ezilandelayo zoshukela wegazi:
- Lapho ushukela wegazi ungaphansi kwamayunithi angama-3.3, kutholakala isimo se-hypoglycemic.
- Lapho izinga likashukela emzimbeni womuntu lihlukahluka kusuka kumayunithi angama-3.3 kuya kwangama-5.5 ngesisu esingenalutho, kanye nokufika kufinyelela ku-7.8 ngemuva kokudla, khona-ke lokhu kuyizinkomba ezijwayelekile.
- Lapho i-glucose emzimbeni esiswini esingenalutho ingaphezulu kwama-5,5 amayunithi esiswini esingenalutho, futhi nama-unit angaphezu kwangama-7.8 ngemuva kokudla, lesi yisimo se-hyperglycemic.
Esimweni lapho amasampula egazi enziwa kusuka emthanjeni, imiphumela eyehlukene ibhekwa njengokujwayelekile, ukungafani kwayo kusuka kumayunithi angama-4.0 kuye kwangama-6.1. Esimweni lapho izinkomba zihlukahluka kusuka kumayunithi angama-5.6 kuya kwayi-6.6, kungaphenywa ukwephulwa kokubekezelela ushukela.
Ngakho-ke, singaphetha ngokuthi ushukela 5 uyinkomba ejwayelekile yokugxilisa ushukela emzimbeni womuntu. Uma izinga likashukela esiswini esingenalutho lingaphezulu kwama-6,7 amayunithi, khona-ke ungasola ukuba khona kwesifo "esimnandi".
Iglucose ikhuphula
I-Hyperglycemia izinga eliphakeme le-glucose ku-plasma ye-biological fluid (igazi). Kwezinye izimo, isimo se-hyperglycemic kuyinto ejwayelekile, futhi kulokhu singakhuluma ngemisebenzi ethile “eguquguqukayo” yomzimba womuntu, lapho ukusetshenziswa kweglucose ephezulu kudingeka.
Isibonelo, ngokukhula komzimba, nobuhlungu obukhulu, ukwesaba, ukugabha. Futhi ukwanda okunjalo koshukela kuyabonakala isikhathi esifushane, ngoba lesi simo sisuselwa emithwalweni yesikhashana emzimbeni.
Esimweni lapho okuqukethwe ushukela omningi kubhekwa khona isikhathi eside, kanti isilinganiso sokukhishwa koshukela ohlelweni lokujikeleza kwegazi sidlula kakhulu lelo zinga umzimba owuphethe ngalo ukulamunca, lokhu kuvame ukuba ngumphumela wokuphazamiseka kwesistimu ye-endocrine.
Isimo se-hypoglycemic sifanekiswa nesithombe somtholampilo esilandelayo:
- Isifiso esiqhubekayo sokuphuza, ukushesha nokuchama kakhulu. Ukukhuphuka kwamandla athile omchamo ngosuku.
- Ukomisa emgodini womlomo, ukhonkotha kwesikhumba kuyabonakala.
- Ukulimazeka okubonakalayo, ubuthakathaka, ukukhathala kanye nokubekezela.
- Ukwehla kwesisindo, nokudla kuhlala kunjalo.
- Amanxeba nokukhuphuka akupheli isikhathi eside.
- Ama-pathologies athathelanayo nawokungunda avame ukubonwa, okunzima ukuwelapha ngisho nangokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa.
- Ukuntuleka kwesimo esingokomzwelo.
Izinga elincane lokukhuphuka kwezinga likashukela cishe alinawo umthelela emzimbeni womuntu, isiguli kuphela sinokoma okuqinile nokuchama okuvamisile.
Esimweni esibi kakhulu se-hyperglycemic, izimpawu ziyafutheka, isiguli sibe nokuhlanza inhliziyo nokuhlanza, sibe nesidudu futhi singavinjelwa, ukulahleka kwengqondo kungabandakanywa.
Lapho ushukela uneminyaka engu-5, khona-ke singakhuluma ngokujwayelekile. Esimweni lapho izinkomba zidlula amayunithi angama-5.5 esiswini esingenalutho, khona-ke lena yi-hyperglycemia, bese kutholakala isifo "esimnandi".
Ushukela ophansi
Isimo se-hypoglycemic ukwehla kokuxineka kwe-glucose emzimbeni womuntu. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukwehlisa ushukela kuvame kakhulu kunesimo se-hyperglycemic.
Njengomthetho, ushukela uyancishiswa ngenxa yokungondleki, lapho kuba nokugcwala ngokweqile kwemishini yokufaka insangu yamanyikwe. Ngamanye amagama, umuntu udonsa inani elimangalisayo lokudla okumnandi.
Futhi, ama-pancreas asebenza ngomthwalo omkhulu, ngenxa yalokho, kukhiqizwa inani elikhulu le-hormone, futhi lonke ushukela lubanjwa ezingeni lamaselula. Futhi le nqubo iholela eqinisweni lokuthi kukhona ukushoda kwe-glucose.
Ukwehla kwezinga likashukela kungabonakala ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:
- Ama-pathreas we-pancreas, axhumene nokukhula kwezicubu zayo ezithambile, kanye namaseli abhekele ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone.
- Ama-tumor ekwakhekeni kwamanyikwe.
- I-pathology yesibindi eqinile, ngenxa yalokho ukuphazamiseka kwesisu kwe-glycogen kuphazamiseka.
- I-Pathology yezinso kanye nezindlala ze-adrenal.
Ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi akudluli ngaphandle komkhondo, futhi nakho kuvezwa yisithombe esithile sasemtholampilo. Njengomthetho, inani eliphansi likashukela liboniswa ubuthakathaka obukhali, ukujuluka okunzima, ukwethuka kwemikhawulo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiguli sinokwanda kwenhliziyo, ukwesaba ukufa okungenangqondo, ukwanda okungaxineki kanye nokukhululeka, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, umuzwa wendlala uyatholwa.
Ukwehla ngokweqile ushukela, ukulahleka kwengqondo kuyatholakala, futhi lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi yi-hypoglycemic coma in sikashukela mellitus.
Ukunqunyelwa kokubekezelela ushukela okhubazekile
Njengoba sekutholakele, ushukela weyunithi ezinhlanu uyinkomba ejwayelekile. Kepha ezimweni eziningi, izinkomba zikashukela zingaphikisana, ngenxa yalokho udokotela atusa ukuba kwenziwe isivivinyo sokwephulwa kokubekezelwa ushukela.
Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela kuyindlela ephumelelayo futhi ephumelelayo ekuvumela ukuthi uthole ukuphazamiseka okucacile nokufihliwe kwe-carbohydrate metabolism. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingasetshenziswa ukuthola izindlela ezahlukahlukene zesifo sikashukela.
Kuyanconywa futhi ezimweni lapho kutholakele imiphumela engathandekiyo yokuhlolwa kweglucose ejwayelekile.
Lokhu kuhlolwa kunconyelwa isigaba esilandelayo seziguli:
- Kubantu abangenazo izimpawu zoshukela omningi emzimbeni, kepha ngezikhathi ezithile bathola ushukela omchamo.
- Ezigulini ezingenazo izimpawu zomtholampilo zalesi sifo, kodwa ngezibonakaliso zokwanda kwamandla adonsanayo omchamo ngosuku. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinkomba ezijwayelekile zoshukela esiswini esingenalutho ziyabonakala.
- Ukwanda kokuxineka koshukela emzimbeni kwabesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
- Ezigulini ezinezimpawu zesifo sikashukela, kodwa ngamazinga ajwayelekile kashukela egazini, kanye nokungatholakali komchamo wakho.
- Abantu abane-genetic predisposition to the sifo, kepha abanazo izimpawu zokwanda kwe-glucose emzimbeni.
- Abesifazane lapho bekhulelwe bathola amakhilogremu angaphezu kuka-17, ngenkathi benengane enesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayi-4,5.
Ukuze enze isivivinyo esinjalo, isiguli kuqala sithathe igazi likashukela (esiswini esingenalutho), bese kuthi emva kwalokho limnikeze amagremu angama-75 eglucose, afakwa kuketshezi olufudumele. Ukuzimisela kokubekezelela kwenziwa ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-60 nengama-120.
I-Glycated hemoglobin nezinkomba zayo
Ucwaningo lwe-glycated hemoglobin luyindlela yokuthola isifo ethembekile kashukela. Le nkomba ilinganiswa ngamaphesenti, futhi izinkomba zayo ezijwayelekile ziyefana ezinganeni nakubantu abadala.
I-Glycated hemoglobin iyinkomba ye-biochemical ekhombisa okuqukethwe okuphakathi koshukela emzimbeni womuntu isikhathi eside (kufika ezinsukwini ezingama-90).
Uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula kukuvumela ukuba wazi imiphumela ye-glucose kuphela ngesikhathi sokufunda, khona-ke izinkomba ze-glycated hemoglobin zikuvumela ukuthi uthole imiphumela yeshukela evamile yesikhathi esithile, yona ekuvumela ukuthi unqume amandla okuguquka.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinga le-hemoglobin ye-glycated ayixhomeki esikhathini sosuku, umsebenzi ojwayelekile womzimba wesiguli, ukudla nemithi, isimo somzwelo sesiguli, nezinye izinto.
Izinzuzo zalolu cwaningo ngamaphuzu alandelayo:
- Igazi linganikelwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, hhayi ngesisu esingenalutho.
- Ukusebenza kahle nokunemba kwendlela.
- Akunasidingo sokuphuza ushukela, linda amahora ambalwa.
- Umphumela wokuhlaziywa awuthinteki ezintweni eziningi ezibalwe ngenhla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngalolu cwaningo, ungabona ukuthi umuntu onesifo sikashukela uyakwazi ukulawula ushukela wakhe ezinyangeni ezintathu ezedlule, noma uma ukwelashwa kudinga ukulungiswa okuthile.
Ngaphandle kwezinzuzo eziningi zalolu cwaningo, futhi kunobunzima obuthile:
- Ucwaningo olubizayo.
- Uma isiguli sinokuqukethwe kwe-hormone ye-thyroid ephansi, khona-ke imiphumela etholakala ngamanga ingatholakala.
- Ukuhlanekezela kwemiphumela uma isiguli sine-hemoglobin ephansi noma ukushoda kwe- iron.
- Eminye imitholampilo ayenzi ukuhlolwa okunje.
Uma imiphumela yocwaningo ikhombisa i-5.7% ye-glycated hemoglobin, khona-ke ingozi yokuqalwa kwesifo sikashukela incishiswa ibe ngu-zero. Ngokuhlukahluka kwezinkomba kusuka ku-5.7 kuye ku-6%, singasho ukuthi asikho isifo sikashukela, kepha amathuba okuthuthuka kwayo aphakeme impela.
Uma izinkomba zehluka kusuka ku-6.1 kuye ku-6.4%, khona-ke singakhuluma ngesimo se-prediabetesic kanye nengozi enkulu yokuthuthukisa i-pathology. Ngomphumela we-6.5% ongaphezulu, kwenziwa i-diagnostic yesifo “esimnandi”, futhi kunconywa ezinye izindlela zokuxilonga.
Ushukela nokukhulelwa
Uma sikhuluma ngamanani weglucose aphakathi nesikhathi sokuzala ingane, khona-ke inqubo ejwayelekile kwabesifazane iyahlukahluka kusuka kumayunithi angama-3.3 kuya kwayi-6.6. Emavikini angama-28, owesifazane welulekwa ukuthi athathe isivivinyo sokukhuthazelela ushukela.
Okujwayelekile kubhekwa njengomphumela lapho, ngemuva kokuthatha amagremu angama-50 kashukela, izinkomba azidluli amayunithi angama-7.8. Uma imiphumela yocwaningo idlula lesi sibalo, khona-ke intokazi iyanconywa ukuthi ihlolwe amahora amathathu ngamagremu ayi-100 kashukela.
Uma owesifazane okhulelwe enesifo sikashukela, khona-ke imiphumela yocwaningo ivela kulezi zibalo ezilandelayo:
- Izinga loshukela wegazi ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-60 ngemuva kokuzivocavoca libonakala libonisa izinkomba ezingaphezu kwama-10,5 amayunithi.
- Ukuhlushwa kwe-glucose ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-120 kungaphezulu kwama-9.2 amayunithi.
- Ngemuva kwamahora amathathu, amayunithi angaphezu kwama-8.
Isigaba esithile sobulili obulungile ekuqaleni sisengozini yokuba nesifo sikashukela. Kubandakanya nabesifazane abaqala ukukhulelwa ngemuva kweminyaka engama-30 yobudala. Futhi futhi labo besifazane abanokuphambuka okungekuhle kwefa.
Kwezinye izimo, ukugxila kwe-glucose kungahluka ngokuya ngezifo ezahlukahlukene ezingakhombisi ukukhula kwawo ngaphambilini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ushukela ungashintshashintsha ngenxa yokuthola isisindo esisheshayo kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuzala kwengane.
Ngakho-ke, ukwahlulela umzimba we-carbohydrate emzimbeni womuntu, okungenani izinkomba ezimbili ziyadingeka: imiphumela yocwaningo esiswini esingenalutho kanye noshukela emzimbeni imizuzu engama-120 ngemuva kokuzivocavoca. Isigaba sokugcina yi-hemoglobin ye-glycated, evumela ukuthi udokotela akhombise ukutholwa kokugcina. I-athikili kumithombo yethu izokhuluma ngalokho okufanele kube yinto evamile ye-hemoglobin ye-glycated egazini. Futhi ividiyo ekulesi sihloko izokhuluma ngezinkomba zoshukela kwabashukela.
