Ukunikela ngegazi kuyithuba lokusindisa impilo yomuntu ngokwabelana ngoketshezi olubaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Namuhla, abantu abaningi ngokwengeziwe bafuna ukuba ngabanikeli, kepha bayangabaza ukuthi bayayifanelekela le ndima nokuthi banganikela yini ngegazi.
Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi abantu abanezifo ezithathelwanayo ezifana ne-hepatitis yegciwane noma i-HIV abavunyelwe ngokuphelele ukunikela ngegazi. Kepha kungenzeka ukuthi ube ngumxhasi wesifo sikashukela, ngoba lesi sifo asidlulisi sisuka komunye umuntu sisiya komunye, okusho ukuthi asikwazi ukulimaza isiguli.
Ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo kuyadingeka ukuqonda le nkinga ngokuningiliziwe futhi uqonde ukuthi ukugula okungathi sína ngaso sonke isikhathi kuhlala kuyisithiyo ekunikeleni ngegazi.
Ngabe umuntu onesifo sikashukela anganikela ngegazi
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus asithathwa njengeyisithiyo esiqondile ekuhlanganyeleni ekunikezelweni kwegazi, noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi lokhu kugula kuguqula kakhulu ukwakheka kwegazi lesiguli. Bonke abantu abanesifo sikashukela banokwanda okukhulu kwe-glucose yegazi, ngakho-ke ukulayisha ngokweqile nomuntu ogulayo kung kumbangela ukuhlaselwa kakhulu kwe-hyperglycemia.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela i-mellitus yazo zombili izinhlobo 1 nohlobo 2 sokulungiselela ama-insulin, okuvame ukuholela enanini le-insulin egazini. Uma ingena emzimbeni womuntu ongahlushwa ukuphazamiseka kwe-carbohydrate metabolism, lokhu kuhlangana kwe-insulin kungadala ukwethuka kwe-hypoglycemic, okuyisimo esibi.
Kepha konke okungenhla akusho ukuthi umuntu onesifo sikashukela akakwazi ukuba ngumxhasi, ngoba awukwazi ukunikela ngegazi kuphela, kodwa ne-plasma. Kwezifo eziningi, ukulimala nokuhlinzwa, isiguli sidinga ukumpontshelwa nge-plasma, hhayi igazi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-plasma iyinto esetshenziselwa imvelo yonke, ngoba ayinalo iqembu legazi noma i-Rhesus factor, okusho ukuthi lingasetshenziswa ukusindisa inani elikhulu kakhulu leziguli.
Iplasma kaDonor ithathwa kusetshenziswa inqubo ye-plasmapheresis, eyenziwa kuzo zonke izikhungo zegazi zaseRussia.
Kuyini plasmapheresis?
I-Plasmapheresis inqubo lapho kususwa kuphela iplasma ngokukhethekile kulowo onikelayo, futhi wonke amaseli egazi anjengamaseli amhlophe egazi, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi namapulatelethi abuyiselwa emzimbeni.
Lokhu kuhlanjululwa kwegazi kuvumela odokotela ukuthi bathole isakhi sayo esibaluleke kakhulu, esinothile ngamaprotheni abalulekile, okungukuthi:
- I-Albuminomy
- Ama-Globulins;
- I-Fibrinogen.
Ukwakheka okunjalo kwenza i-plasma yegazi ibe yinto eyingqayizivele ngempela engenamagama.
Futhi ukuhlanzwa kwegazi okwenziwa phakathi ne-plasmapheresis kwenza ukuthi ukwazi ukubamba iqhaza kulo mnikelo ngisho nakubantu abanempilo engaphelele, ngokwesibonelo, ngokuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Ngesikhathi senqubo, i-600 ml ye-plasma iyasuswa kumnikeli. Ukulethwa kwevolumu enjalo kuphephile ngokuphelele kumnikeli, okuqinisekisiwe ezifundweni eziningi zokwelashwa. Emahoreni angama-24 alandelayo, umzimba ubuyisela ngokuphelele inani elithathiwe le-plasma yegazi.
I-Plasmapheresis ayiyona ingozi emzimbeni, kodwa kunalokho imlethela inzuzo enkulu. Ngesikhathi senqubo, igazi lomuntu liyahlanzwa, futhi ithoni ejwayelekile yomzimba iqala ukwanda kakhulu. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sefomu lesibili, ngoba ngalesi sifo, ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic, ubuthi obuningi obunobungozi buthelela egazini lomuntu, bufaka ubuthi emzimbeni wakhe.
Odokotela abaningi banesiqiniseko sokuthi i-plasmapheresis ikhuthaza ukuvuselelwa nokwelashwa komzimba, ngenxa yalokho onikelayo ekhuthele futhi eqina.
Inqubo ngokwayo ayinabuhlungu ngokuphelele futhi ayimbangeli umuntu ukuphazamiseka.
Ungayinikela kanjani i-plasma
Into yokuqala edinga ukwenziwa kumuntu ofuna ukunikela nge-plasma ukuthola umnyango wezikhungo zegazi edolobheni lakhe.
Lapho uvakashela le nhlangano, ngaso sonke isikhathi kufanele ube nephasipoti enephemithi yokuhlala unomphela noma yesikhashana edolobheni ohlala kulo, okufanele linikezwe ebhukwini.
Umsebenzi wesikhungo uzoqinisekisa imininingwane yephasiphothi nesisekelo semininingwane, abese ekhipha uhlu lwemibuzo kulowo onikela ngokuzayo, lapho kudingeka khona ukukhombisa imininingwane elandelayo:
- Cishe zonke izifo ezithathelanayo ezithathelwanayo;
- Mayelana nokuba khona kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona;
- Mayelana nokuxhumana kwabantu kwakamuva nabantu abanokutheleleka ngegciwane noma ngegciwane;
- Ekusetshenzisweni kwanoma yiziphi izinto ze-narcotic noma ze-psychotropic;
- Mayelana nomsebenzi ekukhiqizeni okuyingozi;
- Cishe konke ukugoma noma ukuhlinzwa okuhlehliselwe izinyanga eziyi-12.
Uma umuntu enesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 noma esingu-2, lokhu kufanele kuboniswe kuhlu lwemibuzo. Akunangqondo ukufihla isifo esinjalo, ngoba noma yiliphi elinikelwe ngegazi lihlolwa ngokuphelele.
Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, ukunikela ngegazi lesifo sikashukela ngeke kusebenze, kepha lesi sifo akusona isithiyo ekunikezeni i-plasma. Ngemuva kokugcwalisa uhlu lwemibuzo, onikelayo kungenzeka athunyelwe ukuthi ayohlolwa kahle udokotela, okubandakanya ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwelebhu kanye nokuhlolwa ngudokotela ojwayelekile.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, udokotela uzothatha izinkomba ezilandelayo:
- Ukushisa komzimba
- Umfutho wegazi
- Isilinganiso senhliziyo
Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela bezokwelapha uzobuza lowo onikelayo ngempilo yakhe nokuba khona kwezikhalazo zezempilo. Yonke imininingwane ngesimo sempilo salowo onikelayo iyimfihlo futhi ayinakusatshalaliswa. Kunganikezwa kuphela onikelayo, lapho azodinga ukuvakashela iSikhungo Segazi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuvakasha kokuqala.
Isinqumo sokugcina ekwamukelweni komuntu ukunikela nge-plasma senziwa ngudlulisi, onquma isimo se-neuropsychiatric salowo onikela. Uma enezinsolo zokuthi umuntu onikelayo angazisebenzisa izidakamizwa, aphuze utshwala noma aphile impilo yobugovu, uyobe eseqinisekiswa ukuthi uyokwaliwa umnikelo we-plasma.
Ukuqoqwa kwe-plasma ezikhungweni zegazi kwenzeka ngezimo ezanele zokunikelayo. Ufakwa esihlalweni esikhethekile sabanikelayo, kufakwa inaliti emthanjeni futhi kuxhunywe kudivayisi. Ngesikhathi sale nqubo, igazi lomhlinzeki nge-venous lingena kwizixhobo, lapho i-plasma yegazi ihlukaniswa nezinto ezakhiweyo, ezibuyela emzimbeni.
Inqubo yonke ithatha imizuzu engama-40. Ekuqhubekeni kwayo, kusetshenziswa kuphela izinsimbi ezingenasisekelo, ezisetshenziselwa i-insulin eyodwa kuphela, okuqeda ngokuphelele ingozi yokuthi onikelayo angenwe yiziphi izifo ezithathelanayo.
Ngemuva kwe-plasmapheresis, onikelayo kudingeka:
- Ngemizuzu yokuqala engama-60, kwenqaba ngokuphelele ukubhema;
- Gwema ukusebenza kanzima ngokomzimba amahora angama-24 (okuningi mayelana nokuzivocavoca ngokomzimba kushukela);
- Ungaphuzi iziphuzo eziqukethe utshwala ngosuku lokuqala;
- Phuza uketshezi oluningi njengetiye namanzi amaminerali;
- Musa ukushayela ngokushesha ngemuva kokubeka i-plasma.
Sekukonke, kungakapheli nonyaka umuntu anganikela kuze kufike kumalitha ayi-12 e-plasma yegazi ngaphandle kokulimala emzimbeni wakhe. Kepha inani eliphakeme kangako alidingeki. Ukubeka amalitha ama-2 we-plasma ngonyaka kungenzeka kusize ukusindisa impilo yomuntu. Sizokhuluma ngezinzuzo noma izingozi zokunikela ngevidiyo kule vidiyo.
