Ukunciphisa amazinga aphezulu kashukela, kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa, ezisebenza kakhulu kuzo yi-insulin. Ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1, lapho amanyikwe engakwazi ukunikeza isidingo saleli hormone, i-insulin ukuphela kwendlela yokugcina impilo nokuphila kweziguli.
I-insulin ilawulwa ngokuqinile njengoba ichazwe udokotela futhi ingaphansi kokulawulwa koshukela. Ukubalwa komthamo kuncike kokuqukethwe kwama-carbohydrate ekudleni. Uhlobo lokwelashwa lunqunywa ngamunye esigulini ngasinye futhi kuya ngephrofayili ye-glycemic.
Ukwakha iqoqo le-insulin eduze kwemvelo, amafushane, aphakathi nendawo nesikhathi eside ama-insulin asetshenziswa. Ama-insulin aphakathi nendawo afaka phakathi amalungiselelo akhiqizwa yinkampani yaseDenmark i-Novo Nordisk - Protafan NM.
Khipha ifomu nokugcinwa kweProtafan
Ukumiswa kuqukethe i-insulin - isophan, okungukuthi, i-insulin yabantu ekhiqizwa ngonjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo.
I-1 ml yayo iqukethe i-3.5 mg. Ngaphezu kwalokho kunezinto ezisizayo: i-zinc, i-glycerin, i-protamine sulfate, i-phenol namanzi wokujova.
I-Insulin Protafan hm ivezwa ngezindlela ezimbili:
- Ukumiswa kokuphathwa kwe-subcutaneous ka-100 IU / ml 10 ml ezimpondweni eziboshwe ngesimbozo senjoloba, ezihlanganiswa ne-aluminium run-in. Ibhodlela kufanele libe nokuvikelwa kwepulasitiki okuvikelayo. Ephaketheni, ngaphezu kwebhodlela, kunomyalo wokusetshenziswa.
- IProtafan NM Penfill - kuma-cartridge weglasi we-hydrolytic, embozwe ngama-discs enjoloba ngakolunye uhlangothi namaphayinti enjoloba ngakolunye. Ukwenza lula ukuhlanganiswa, ukumiswa kufakwe ibhola lengilazi.
- I-cartridge ngayinye ifakwe uphawu kufakwe ipeni leFlexpen. Iphakheji iqukethe amapeni 5 nemiyalo.
Ebhodleleni lika-10 ml leProtafan insulin iqukethe i-1000 IU, nakwipeni yesirinji engu-3 ml - 300 IU. Lapho kumi, ukumiswa kuhlukaniswe kube sediment kanye noketshezi olungenamabala, ngakho-ke lezi zinto ezihlanganisiwe kufanele zixube ngaphambi kokuzisebenzisa.
Ukugcina umuthi, kufanele ubekwe eshalofini eliphakathi esiqandisini, izinga lokushisa lapho kufanele ligcinwe lisuka ku-2 liye ku-8 degrees. Gwema ukubanda. Uma ibhodlela noma i-cartridge Protafan NM Penfill livuliwe, khona-ke igcinwa emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni, kodwa hhayi aphezulu kuno-25 ° C. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Protafan insulin kumele kwenziwe kungakapheli amasonto ayi-6.
I-flexpen ayigcinwa esiqandisini, izinga lokushisa ukuze ligcine izakhiwo zalo zokwelapha akufanele libe ngaphezulu kwama-30 degrees. Ukuvikela ukukhanya, i-cap kumele igqoke isibambo. Isibambo kumele sivikeleke ekuweni nasekulimaleni kwemishini.
Kuhlanzwa kusuka ngaphandle ngekotoni eboshwe ngotshwala, ayikwazi ukucwiliswa emanzini noma kugcotshwe, ngoba lokhu kwephula umshini. Musa ukugcwalisa ipeni futhi.
Ukumiswa nefomu lokugcwalisa kumabhokisini noma emapeni kuhlukaniswa emakhemisi ngenqubo kadokotela.
Intengo ye-insulin ngesimo sepeni (uFlexpen) ingaphezulu kakhulu kuneProtafan NM Penfill. Intengo ephansi kakhulu yokumiswa emabhodleleni.
Ungayisebenzisa kanjani iProtafan?
I-Insulin Protafan NM ilawulwa kuphela ngaphandle kokuzenzela. Ukuphathwa kwe-Intravenous and intramuscular Kunconywa. Ayisetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa iphampu ye-insulin. Qiniseka ukuthi ubheka ithole lokuvikela lapho uthenga ekhemisi. Uma engekho noma ezikhulule, ungasebenzisi i-insulin.
Umuthi uthathwa njengengafanele uma izimo zokugcina ziphulwa noma zenziwe iqhwa, futhi uma ngemuva kokuxubana zingabi zi-homogeneous - zimhlophe noma zinamafu.
Ukuphathwa kwe-insulin kwe-subcutaneous kwenziwa kuphela nge-insulin noma ipeni. Uma usebenzisa isirinji, udinga ukutadisha isilinganiso samayunithi wesenzo. Ngemuva kwalokho, umoya udonswa kwisirinji ngaphambi kokuhlukaniswa komthamo we-insulin onconyiwe. Kunconywa ukuthi ugoqe i-vial yokuvusa ukumiswa ngezandla zakho. I-Protafan yethulwa kuphela ngemuva kokuthi ukumiswa sekungasebenzi.
I-flexpen yipeni yesirinji egcwele enekhono lokukhipha kusuka kuma-1 kuya kuma-60 amayunithi. Isetshenziswa ngezinaliti zeNovoFayn noma i-NovoTvist. Ubude binaliti bungama-8 mm.
Ukusetshenziswa kwepeni lesirinji kwenziwa ngokwemithetho elandelayo:
- Bheka ilebula nobuqotho bepeni entsha.
- Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, i-insulin kufanele ibe ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa lamakamelo.
- Susa i-cap bese uhambisa isibambo amahlandla angama-20 ukuze ibhola yengilazi lihambisane ne-cartridge.
- Kuyadingeka ukuhlanganisa umuthi ukuze ube ngamafu ngokulinganayo.
- Ngaphambi kwemijovo elandelayo, udinga ukuhambisa isibambo phezulu futhi phansi okungenani izikhathi eziyi-10.
Ngemuva kokulungiselela ukumiswa, umjovo wenziwa ngokushesha. Ukuze kwakhiwe ukumiswa komfaniswano esibondweni kufanele kungabi ngaphansi kwe-12 IU ye-insulin. Uma inani elidingekayo alitholakali, kufanele kusetshenziswe okusha.
Ukuze unamathisele inaliti, isinamatheli sokuzivikela siyasuswa bese inaliti igcotshwe ipeni lesirinji ngokuqinile. Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukunqamula i-cap yangaphandle, bese kuba yangaphakathi.
Ukuvimbela ama-Bubble emoyeni ukuthi angenele indawo yomjovo, shayela amayunithi ama-2 ngokuguqula okhethiweyo wethamo. Bese ukhomba inaliti up bese uthinta i-cartridge ukukhipha ama-bubble. Cindezela inkinobho yokuqala yonke indlela, ngenkathi okhethiweyo ebuyela zero.
Uma kuvela i-insulin ekugcineni kwenalithi, ungafaka umjovo. Uma kungekho ukwehla, shintsha inaliti. Ngemuva kokushintsha inaliti amahlandla ayisithupha, kufanele ukhansele ukusetshenziswa kwepeni, ngoba inephutha.
Ukuze usungule umthamo we-insulin, kubalulekile ukunamathela ezenzweni ezinjalo:
Ukuqokelwa kwesikhethi kusethwe zero.
- Vula okhethiweyo kunoma iyiphi indlela ukuze ukhethe umthamo ngokuwuxhuma ne-pointer. Kulokhu, awukwazi ukucindezela inkinobho yokuqala.
- Thatha isikhumba ku-crease bese ufaka inaliti esisekelweni saso engela kwama-degree angama-45.
- Cindezela inkinobho ethi "Qala" yonke indlela kuze kufike u "0".
- Ngemuva kokufakwa, inaliti kumele ibe ngaphansi kwesikhumba imizuzwana eyi-6 ukuthola yonke insulin. Lapho ususa inaliti, inkinobho yokuqala kufanele ibanjelwe phansi.
- Beka cap inaliti futhi emva kwalokho ingasuswa.
Akunconywa ukugcina iFlexpen ngenaliti, ngoba i-insulin ingavuza. Izinaliti kufanele zichithwe ngokucophelela, kugwemeke imijovo engashayi eceleni. Zonke isirinji namapeni kungokuzisebenzisela wena kuphela.
I-insulin efakwe kancane kancane ingeniswa esikhunjeni sethanga, futhi indlela esheshayo yokuphatha ingena esiswini. Ngomjovo, ungakhetha i-gluteus noma umsipha odabukisayo wehlombe.
Indawo yomjovo kumele ishintshwe ukuze ungabhubhisi amanoni angaphansi.
Inhloso nomthamo
I-insulin iqala ukusebenza amahora angama-1.5 ngemuva kokuphatha, ifinyelela inani eliphakeme kungakapheli amahora angama-4 kuya kwayi-12, ikhishwa ngosuku. Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko sokusebenzisa umuthi ushukela.
Ukusebenza kwesenzo se-hypoglycemic of Protafan kuhlotshaniswa nokuphathwa kwe-glucose ngaphakathi kwamaseli nokukhuthaza kwe-glycolysis ngamandla. I-insulin inciphisa ukuwohloka kwe-glycogen nokwakhiwa kwe-glucose esibindini. Ngaphansi kwethonya leProtafan, i-glycogen igcinwa endaweni yokugcina izicubu kanye nesibindi.
I-Protafan NM isebenzisa ukwakheka kwamaprotheni nokukhula, ukwahlukaniswa kwamaseli, kunciphisa ukuwohloka kwamaprotheni, ngenxa yalokho kuboniswa umphumela wawo we-anabolic. I-insulin ithinta izicubu ze-adipose, yehlise ijubane ukuqhekeka kwamafutha futhi yandise ukumiswa kwayo.
Isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ekwelashweni kokulashwa kwesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin. Ngaphansi kaningi, kunqunywa ezigulini zohlobo lwesibili ngesikhathi sokungenelela kokuhlinzwa, ukunamathiselwa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Ukukhulelwa, njengokuqunjelwa, akuyona inkambiso yokusetshenziswa kwalesi insulin. Akunqamuki kwi-placenta futhi ayikwazi ukufinyelela enganeni enobisi lwebele. Kepha ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokondla, udinga ukukhetha ngokucophelela futhi uguqule umthamo njalo ukuze uzinzise izinga le-glucose egazini.
I-Protafan NM ingabekwa ngokuzimela futhi ngokuhlanganiswa ne-insulin esheshayo noma emfishane. Umthamo kuncike ezingeni ushukela nokuzwela umuthi. Ngokukhuluphala nokuthomba, kumazinga okushisa omzimba aphezulu. Kwengeza isidingo se-insulin ezifweni zohlelo lwe-endocrine.
Umthamo onganele, ukumelana ne-insulin noma ukunqunyelwa kuholele ku-hyperglycemia enezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Umile uyakhuphuka.
- Ubuthakathaka obukhulayo.
- Ukuchama kuba kaningi.
- Isifiso siyancipha.
- Kunephunga le-acetone elisuka emlonyeni.
Lezi zimpawu zingakhula emahoreni ambalwa, uma ushukela ungancishisiwe, khona-ke iziguli zingathuthukisa i-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela, okuholela emiphumeleni emibi, ikakhulukazi ngohlobo lwe-1 sikashukela.
Imiphumela emibi yeProtafan NM
I-Hypoglycemia, noma ukwehla kushukela wegazi, kungumphumela omubi kakhulu futhi oyingozi wokusebenzisa i-inulin. Kwenzeka ngethamo elikhulu, ukuzikhandla okwengeziwe, ukudla okuphuthelwe.
Lapho amazinga kashukela edonswa, izimpawu ze-hypoglycemia zingashintsha. Ngokulashwa kwesifo sikashukela isikhathi eside, iziguli zilahlekelwa amandla azo okubona ukwehla kokuqala ushukela. Imithi esetshenziselwa ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi, ikakhulukazi ama-beta-blockers nama-tranquilizer angakhethi, ingashintsha izimpawu zokuqala.
Ngakho-ke, kunconyelwa ukukalwa okujwayelekile kwamazinga kashukela, ikakhulukazi evikini lokuqala lokusebenzisa i-Protafan NM noma lapho ushintshela kukho usuka kwenye i-insulin.
Izimpawu zokuqala zokunciphisa ushukela wegazi ngezansi okujwayelekile zingaba:
- Isiyezi ngokuzumayo, ikhanda.
- Umuzwa wokukhathazeka, ukungasebenzi.
- Ukuhlaselwa yindlala.
- Ukujuluka.
- Ukuthuthumela kwezandla.
- Ijubane futhi likhuphuke izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo.
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, nge-hypoglycemia ngenxa yokuphazamiseka emsebenzini wobuchopho, ukudideka, ukudideka kuba nomphumela, okungaholela ekutheni ukhubazeke.
Ukususa iziguli kusuka ku-hypoglycemia ezimweni ezinzima, kunconywa ukuthatha ushukela, uju noma ushukela, ujusi omnandi. Uma kwenzeka ukwazi ukungasebenzi kahle, ama-40% glucose ne-glucagon afakwa entramuscularly emthanjeni. Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukudla okuqukethe ama-carbohydrate alula.
Ngokungabekezeleli kwe-insulin, ukungezwani komzimba kungaqhamuka ngendlela yokuqunjelwa, i-dermatitis, i-urticaria, ezimweni ezingavamile, ukushaqeka kwe-anaphylactic. Imiphumela emibi ekuqaleni kokwelashwa ingabonakaliswa ukwephulwa kwe-refraction kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-retinopathy, ukuvuvukala, ukulimala kwemicu yezinzwa ngendlela yendlela ebuhlungu ye-neuropathy.
Esontweni lokuqala lokwelashwa kwe-insulin, ukuqubuka, ukujuluka, ikhanda, ukuqwasha, isicanucanu, kanye nokwanda kwenhliziyo kunganda. Ngemuva kokujwayela umuthi, lezi zimpawu ziyancipha.
Kungahle kube nokuvuvukala, ukulunywa, ubomvu, noma ukulimala endaweni yomjovo we-insulin.
Ukusebenzelana kwezidakamizwa
Ukuphathwa kanyekanye kwezidakamizwa kungakhuphula umphumela we-insulin. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-monoamine oxidase inhibitors (Pyrazidol, Moclobemide, Silegilin), izidakamizwa ze-antihypertensive: i-Enap, Kapoten, Lisinopril, Ramipril.
Futhi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-bromocriptine, i-anabolic steroid, iColfibrate, iKetoconazole neVitamin B6 kukhulisa ubungozi be-hypoglycemia nge-insulin therapy.
Izidakamizwa ze-Hormonal zinomphumela ohlukile: ama-glucocorticosteroids, ama-hormone we-thyroid, izithiyo zokuvimbela inzalo ngomlomo, ama-anticepressants ama-tricyclic kanye nama-thiazide diuretics.
Ukwanda komthamo we-insulin kungadingeka lapho unquma i-Heparin, i-calcium blockers, i-Danazole ne-Clonidine. Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko izokwengeza imininingwane ngeProtofan insulin.
