Izinga le-glucose (ushukela) egazini lingenye yezinkomba ezibaluleke kakhulu zenqubo ye-metabolic. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-glucose ingumthombo wamandla kuzo zonke izitho, kepha ikakhulukazi ubuchopho kanye nohlelo lwezinhliziyo kuncike kuzo.
Imvamisa, ngemuva kokudla, izinga likashukela wegazi liyakhuphuka, bese kukhishwa i-insulin, bese kuthi ushukela ungene emangqamuzaneni, kufakwe ezinqubo ze-metabolic ukuze kugcinwe izinqubo ezibalulekile zomzimba.
Uma kukhiqizwa i-insulin enganele, noma umsebenzi wamahomoni aphikisayo ukhuphuka, futhi futhi uma amaseli engaphenduli i-insulin, izinga likashukela emzimbeni liyenyuka. Uma kwenzeka dysregulation ye-hormonal noma i-drug overdose ukunciphisa ushukela, lesi sibalo siyancipha.
Umsoco kanye noshukela wegazi
Ushukela wegazi unqunywa ngokuhlola izinga le-glycemia. Ukuze lokhu, kuhlolwe igazi ekuseni, ngesisu esingenalutho. Ukudla kokugcina akufanele kube ngaphambi kwamahora ayi-8 ngaphambi kokulinganiswa. I-glucose ejwayelekile yegazi iyefana kwabesilisa nabesifazane, kuya ngeminyaka yesiguli:
- Ezinganeni ezineminyaka engama-3 ukuya kwengu-14 ubudala: 3.3 kuye ku-5.6 mmol / L
- Eminyakeni esuka ku-14 kuye ku-60: 4.1 - 5.9 mmol / L.
Into esemqoka ukuthi izinga likashukela egazini lixhomeke kanjani phakathi kokudla nokudla kanye nezinga le-insulin, elisiza ukulidlulisela lisuka egazini liye ezingqamuzaneni. Ukudla okuqukethe ama-carbohydrate kunomthelela omkhulu ushukela wegazi.
Ngejubane elikhulayo lamazinga kashukela, ahlukaniswe alula futhi ayinkimbinkimbi. Ama-carbohydrate alula aqala ukudonswa egazini asevele esezithweni zomlomo, ukusetshenziswa kwawo ekudleni kudala ukukhuphuka okubukhali kwe-glucose.
Le mikhiqizo ifaka:
- Ushukela, uju, ujamu, isiraphu, ujamu.
- Ufulawa omhlophe, sonke isinkwa kanye no-khekhe okwenziwe ngawo - imiqulu, ama-waffles, amakhukhi, isinkwa esimhlophe, iziqhekeki, amakhekhe namakhekhe.
- Amashokholethi
- I-yogurt kanye nama-dessert angama-curd.
- Amajusi amnandi nama-sodas.
- Ubhanana, amagilebhisi, izinsuku, omisiwe, amakhiwane.
Ama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi ekudleni amelelwa yisitashi nokugaya emathunjini kuyadingeka ukuze awaphule. Endabeni yokuhlanzwa kusuka kumafayibha wokudla - ufulawa, okusanhlamvu, ama-jusi, isilinganiso sokukhuphuka kwe-glucose siyakhuphuka, kuthi lapho kufakwa i-fiber yemifino noma i-bran iyancipha.
Ukufakwa kwe-carbohydrate ekudleni kwehlisa ijubane uma kunamafutha amaningi kuyo; kusukela ekudleni okubandayo, ama-carbohydrate nawo avela kancane amathumbu kunokuba aqhamuka ezitsheni ezishisayo.
I-carbohydrate metabolism nayo iyaphazamiseka uma kwenzeka kusetshenziswa kabi uphuzo oludakayo, ukudla okunamafutha, ikakhulukazi okunamafutha, inyama ethosiwe, i-offal, ukhilimu omuncu, ukhilimu, ukudla okusheshayo, amasoso, inyama ebhemayo nokudla okusemathinini.
Izifo Ezithinta Ushukela Wegazi
Imbangela ejwayelekile yokuguquguquka kweglucose yegazi isifo sikashukela. Ihlukaniswe ngokwendlela yokuthuthuka yaba yizinhlobo ezimbili. Uhlobo lwe-Type Iabetes mellitus lwenzeka lapho amaseli we-beta kuma-pancreas alimala.
Lokhu kungahle kube ngenxa yokutheleleka ngegciwane, ukuthuthukiswa kokuphendula kwe-autoimmune, lapho ukukhiqizwa kwama-antibodies kumaseli akhiqiza i-insulin kuqala. Imbangela evame kakhulu yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 ingumbono wokuzalwa.
Uhlobo lwesibili sikashukela lwenzeka ngokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin okungashintshiwe noma okwandayo, kodwa ama-receptors izicubu ayahluleka ukumelana nemiphumela yako. Ngokwezibalo, uhlobo lwesibili luthatha ama-95% awo wonke amacala esifo sikashukela atholakele. Ukuvimbela isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kuhlobene ngqo nezimbangela zalesi sifo. Kuze kube manje, kuhlonziwe izici ezilandelayo:
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi ukubekwa kwamafutha okhalweni.
- Ukuzivocavoca okuphansi.
- Ukuqina kwemizwelo, ukucindezela, ukungezwani kwemizwa.
- Izifo zamanyikwe.
- Ukukhuphuka kwe-cholesterol yegazi, isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi.
- Izifo zikashukela ezihlotsheni eziseduze.
- Izifo ze-gland yegland, kanye ne-adrenal gland noma i-pituitary gland.
Amathuba esifo sikashukela akhuphuka ngeminyaka, ngakho-ke i-glucose, njenge-cholesterol yegazi, kufanele ibhekwe ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40 okungenani kanye ngonyaka.
Uma kwabesifazane ukukhulelwa kuqubuka ngemuva kweshukela eliphezulu, isibeletho sazalwa sinesisindo esingaphezu kwama-4,5 kg noma kwaba nokuphuphuma kwesisu, inkambo yokukhulelwa, kanye namaqanda ama-polycystic, lokhu kufanele kube yisizathu sokuqapha njalo umsoco we-carbohydrate.
Ushukela ungakhuphuka ku-pancreatitis e-pute noma i-pancreatic necrosis, ngoba inqubo yokuvuvukala nokuvuvukala kwama-pancreas kungathinta amaseli ama-islets ama-Langerhans abhekene nokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin. Ngemuva kokwelashwa, ushukela ungabuyela kokujwayelekile, kepha iziguli ezinjalo zikhonjiswa zithobela imikhawulo yokudla okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha.
Ngokukhuphuka kwamanyikwe (i-hyperplasia), i-insulinoma noma i-adenoma, kanye nokuntuleka kokuzala kwe-alpha - amaseli akhiqiza i-glucagon, izinga likashukela wegazi liyehla.
Kwi-hyperthyroidism, ngenxa yethonya lamahhala e-thyroid, ukugqugquzela okwedlulele kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kwenzeka ekuqaleni, okuholela kancane kancane ekunciphiseni kwe-pancreatic kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-hyperglycemia engapheli.
Kukhona i-hypothesis ukuthi isifo sikashukela ne-thyrotooticosis sikhula ngenxa yenqubo ye-autoimmune.
Ukulawulwa okungalungile kwe-carbohydrate metabolism kungakhula ngezifo ze-adrenal gland kanye ne-pituitary gland:
- I-Hyperglycemia yenzeka nge-pheochromocytoma, i-acromegaly, i-Cushing's syndrome, somatostatinoma.
- Ushukela onciphile (i-hypoglycemia) kwenzeka ngesifo sika-Addison, i-adrenogenital syndrome.
Isikhathi esibuhlungu sokuqunjelwa kwe-myocardial noma i-circulal cerebral circulation (isifo sohlangothi) singahambisana nokukhuphuka okubukhali koshukela wegazi. Inqubo ye-viral hepatitis kanye ne-tumor izinqubo zamathumbu nasesiswini imvamisa yenzeka ngezinga eliphansi le-glucose egazini.
Ngokubulawa yindlala isikhathi eside noma i-malabsorption emathunjini ane-malabsorption syndrome, ushukela wegazi uyancipha. I-Malabsorption ingaba kabusha ku-cystic fibrosis noma ikhule ku-enteritis, pancreatitis engapheli, kanye ne-cirrhosis.
Izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela
Ukuphuza imithi kungathinta nomthetho we-carbohydrate metabolism: ama-diuretics, ikakhulukazi ama-thiazides, ama-estrogens, ama-glucocorticoid mahormone, ama-beta-blockers, ngokuvamile angakhethi, abangela i-hyperglycemia. Ukuthatha i-caffeine kwimithamo emikhulu, kufaka phakathi izidakamizwa zamandla noma zethayiphu neziphuzo, kuphakamisa ushukela wegazi.
Yehlisa ushukela: i-insulin, izidakamizwa ezilwa nesifo sikashukela - iMetformin, iGlucobay, iManninil, iJanuvia, i-salicylates, ama-antihistamines, ama-anabolic steroid ne-amphetamine, nayo ingancipha ngokudakwa kotshwala.
Ngomqondo, ukuntuleka kweglucose kulimaza okungaphezu kokweqile. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zihlale zinamaphilisi kashukela noma amaswidi kanye nazo, ukuze ngezibonakaliso zokwehla koshukela wegazi, zisheshe zikhuphule izinga lazo. Uju, itiye elimnandi, ubisi olufudumele, omisiwe, noma yiliphi ijusi noma isiphuzo esimnandi nalo lingasetshenziselwa le njongo.
I-Hyperglycemia ngokomzimba (lapho kungekho khona izifo) kungaba nokuzikhandla okulinganiselayo ngokomzimba, ukubhema. Ukukhishwa kwama-hormone okuxinzelela - i-adrenaline ne-cortisol ngokuphendula okunamandla ngokomzwelo, ukwesaba, intukuthelo, ukuhlaselwa kobuhlungu, futhi kuyisizathu sokwanda kwesikhashana kwamazinga eglucose.
Ukuzivocavoca ngokomzimba ngamandla noma isikhathi eside, ukucindezela kwengqondo, ukwanda kokushisa komzimba ezifweni ezithathelwanayo kubangela ukuncipha koshukela wegazi.
Abantu abaphilile bangase babe nezimpawu zoshukela omncane wegazi (isiyezi, ikhanda, ukujuluka, izandla eziqhaqhazelayo) ngokuphelelwa ngamandla nokudla ukudla okumnandi ngokweqile. Ngemuva kokudla ngokweqile ushukela olula, ukukhishwa kwe-insulin kwanda kakhulu futhi kwehlisa ushukela wegazi.
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nangaphambi kokuya esikhathini, abesifazane bangahlangabezana nokuhlukumezeka emzimbeni we-carbohydrate metabolism ngenxa yemiphumela yezinguquko emazingeni e-estrogen naweprogesterone. Ukuguquguquka okubukhali kushukela wegazi kuhambisana nokuya esikhathini. Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko izokutshela ukuthi ishukela kumele libe njani.
