Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus ngesinye sezifo ezijwayelekile ze-metabolic. Lapho kwenzeka, amazinga kashukela egazi akhuphuka ngenxa yokuthuthuka kokukhiqizwa okunganele kwe-insulin ngohlobo 1 sikashukela nokungakwazi ukuphendula i-insulin ngohlobo 2 sikashukela.
Cishe ikota yabantu abanesifo sikashukela abakwaziwa ukugula kwabo, ngoba izimpawu ezisekuqaleni azivami ukuthi zivezwe.
Ukuze uthole ushukela kusenesikhathi futhi uthole ukwelashwa okudingekayo, kufanele uhlolwe. Kulokhu, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo.
Izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela
Izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela zingenzeka zombili ngokuzumayo - ngohlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela, futhi zikhule ngokuhamba kwesikhathi - ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela esingathembisi i-insulin.
Uhlobo lwe-1 isifo sikashukela esivamile sithinta abantu abasha nezingane.
Uma lezo zimpawu zenzeka, ukubonana okuphuthumayo kuyadingeka:
- Ukoma okukhulu kuqala ukuhlukumeza.
- Ukuchama kaningi kanye nephrofayili.
- Ubuthakathaka.
- Isiyezi
- Ukwehla kwesisindo.
Iqembu eliyingozi lesifo sikashukela lifaka izingane zabazali abanesifo sikashukela, abaye baba nokutheleleka ngegciwane ukube bengaphezu kwama-4.5 kg ngokuzalwa, nezinye izifo ze-metabolic, kanye nokugomela okuphansi.
Ezinganeni ezinjalo, ukubonakaliswa kwezimpawu zokoma nokuncipha kwesisindo kubonisa isifo sikashukela kanye nomonakalo omkhulu wamanyikwe, ngakho-ke kunezimpawu zangaphambilini ezidinga ukuxhumana nomtholampilo:
- Khulisa isifiso sokudla amaswidi
- Kunzima ukubekezelela ikhefu ekudleni ukudla - kukhona indlala nekhanda
- Ihora noma amabili ngemuva kokudla, kubonakala buthakathaka.
- Izifo zesikhumba - i-neurodermatitis, izinduna, isikhumba esomile.
- Umbono wehlisiwe.
Esikhathini sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili, izimpawu ezisobala ziyavela ngemuva kwesikhathi eside ngemuva kokukhuphuka koshukela egazini, zithinta ikakhulukazi abesifazane ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engama-45, ikakhulukazi ngempilo yokuhlala phansi, ngokweqile. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi kule minyaka, wonke umuntu, kungakhathalekile ukuba khona kwezimpawu, ahlole izinga likashukela wegazi kanye ngonyaka.
Lapho kuvela izimpawu ezilandelayo, lokhu kumele kwenziwe ngokuphuthumayo:
- Umile, umlomo owomile.
- Imisipha yesikhumba.
- Isikhumba esomile nesikhanyayo (ukulunywa kwezintende nezinyawo).
- Ukudonsa ngamandla noma ukusindeka kutholakale kalula.
- Ukulunywa ku-perineum.
- Ukulahleka kombono.
- Izifo ezithathelwanayo ezijwayelekile.
- Ukukhathala, ubuthakathaka obukhulu.
- Indlala enkulu.
- Ukuchama kaningi, ikakhulukazi ebusuku.
- Ukusikeka, amanxeba aphulukisa kahle, amafomu wezilonda.
- Isisindo esingahlobene nezinkinga zokudla.
- Ngokujikeleza okhalweni kwabesilisa abedlula i-102 cm, abesifazane - 88 cm.
Lezi zimpawu zingavela ngemuva kwesimo esinzima sokucindezela, i-pancreatitis yangaphambilini, ukutheleleka ngegciwane.
Konke lokhu kufanele kube yisizathu sokuhambela kudokotela ukuthola ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlolwa okudingeka kwenziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe noma kungafakwa ndawo ngaphandle kokuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwesifo sikashukela okusolwayo
Izivivinyo ezifundisayo kakhulu zokuthola isifo sikashukela yilezi:
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi koshukela.
- Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela kwe-glucose.
- Izinga le-hemoglobin le-glycated.
- Ukunqunywa kwamaprotheni e-C-reactive.
- Ukuhlolwa kweglucose yegazi kwenziwa njengokuvivinya kokuqala kwesifo sikashukela futhi kukhonjiswa ukuphazamiseka okusolwa kwe-carbohydrate metabolism, izifo zesibindi, ukukhulelwa, isisindo esandayo nezifo ze-thyroid.
Kwenziwa ngesisu esingenalutho, kusukela ekudleni kokugcina kufanele kudlule okungenani amahora ayisishiyagalombili. Kuphenywe ekuseni. Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, kungcono ukukhipha umsebenzi wokuzivocavoca.
Kuya ngenqubo yocwaningo, imiphumela ingahluka ngokwezibalo. Ngokwesilinganiso, okujwayelekile kububanzi ukusuka ku-4.1 kuye ku-5.9 mmol / L.
Emazingeni ajwayelekile kashukela egazini, kepha ukutadisha ikhono lamanyikwe ukuphendula ekwandeni kwe-glucose, kwenziwa isivivinyo sokubekezelela i-glucose (GTT). Kubonisa ukuphazamiseka okufihliwe kwe-carbohydrate metabolism. Izinkomba ze-GTT:
- Ukhuluphele.
- Umfutho wegazi ophezulu we-Arterial.
- Khulisa ushukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
- I-ovary yePolycystic.
- Isifo sesibindi.
- Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwama-hormone.
- I-Furunculosis kanye ne-periodontosis.
Ukulungiselela ukuhlolwa: ezinsukwini ezintathu ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, ungenzi ushintsho ekudleni okujwayelekile, phuza amanzi ngenani elijwayelekile, ugweme ukujuluka ngokweqile kwezinto, kufanele uyeke ukuphuza utshwala usuku lonke, akufanele ubheme futhi uphuze ikhofi ngosuku lovivinyo.
Ukuhlolwa: ekuseni esiswini esingenalutho, ngemuva kwamahora ayi-10-16 wokulamba, isilinganiso se-glucose silinganiswa, khona-ke isiguli kufanele sithathe ama-glucose angama-75 g ancibilikisiwe emanzini. Ngemuva kwalokho, ushukela ukalwa ngemuva kwehora elilodwa namahora amabili kamuva.
Imiphumela yokuhlola: kufika ku-7.8 mmol / l - lokhu kuyinto ejwayelekile, ukusuka ku-7.8 kuya ku-11.1 mmol / l - ukungalingani kwe-metabolic (prediabetes), konke okuphakeme kune-11.1 - isifo sikashukela.
I-hemoglobin ye-Glycated ikhombisa ukugcotshwa kweglue glucose okujwayelekile ezinyangeni ezintathu ezedlule. Kufanele inikezwe njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu, zombili ukukhomba izigaba zokuqala zesifo sikashukela nokuhlola umphumela wokwelashwa obekiwe.
Ukulungiselela ukuhlaziya: chitha ekuseni usesiswini esingenalutho. Akufanele kube ne-infusions yokungena emzimbeni kanye nokopha kakhulu ezinsukwini zokugcina ezingama-2-3.
Kukalwa njengephesenti le-hemoglobin ephelele. Imvamisa i-4.5 - 6.5%, isigaba se-prediabetes 6-6.5%, ngaphezulu kwe-6.5% sikashukela.
Ukuzimisela kweprotheni ye-C-esebenzayo kukhombisa izinga lomonakalo kumanyikwe. Kuboniswa ucwaningo ku:
- Ukuthola ushukela emchameni.
- Ngokubonakaliswa komtholampilo kashukela, kepha ukufundwa kweglucose okujwayelekile.
- Ngokuthola izakhi zofuzo kushukela.
- Khomba izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, awukwazi ukusebenzisa ama-aspirin, uvithamini C, izivimbeli, ama-hormone. Kwenziwa ngesisu esingenalutho, ngemuva kwamahora ayishumi endlala, ngosuku lokuhlolwa ungaphuza kuphela amanzi, awukwazi ukubhema, ukudla ukudla. Bathatha igazi emthanjeni.
Imvamisa ye-C-peptide isukela ku-298 kuya ku-1324 pmol / L. Uma unesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, kuphezulu, izinga lokwehla lingaba ngohlobo 1 nokwelashwa kwe-insulin.
Ukuhlolwa komchamo kwesifo sikashukela okusolwayo
Imvamisa, akufanele kube noshukela ekuhlolweni umchamo. Ngocwaningo, ungaphuza umthamo wasekuseni womchamo noma nsuku zonke. Uhlobo lokugcina lokuxilonga lufundiseka kakhudlwana. Ukuze uqoqwe ngokufanele umchamo wansuku zonke, kufanele uhambisane nemithetho:
Ingxenye yasekuseni ihanjiswa esitsheni kungakadluli amahora ayisithupha ngemuva kokuqoqwa. Ama-servings asele aqoqwe esitsheni esihlanzekile.
Ngosuku awukwazi ukudla utamatisi, beet, izithelo zezithelo zomnqumo, izaqathi, ithanga, i-nokunye okufana nokolweni.
Uma ushukela kutholakala umchamo kanye nokufakwa ngaphandle kwe-pathology okungadala ukuthi ikhuphuke - i-pancreatitis esigabeni esibuhlungu, ukusha, izidakamizwa ze-hormonal, ukutholakala kwesifo sikashukela kwenziwa.
Izifundo ze-immunological kanye nama-hormonal
Ngokucwaninga okuningiliziwe futhi uma ungabaza ekutholweni, lezi zivivinyo ezilandelayo zingenziwa:
- Ukunqunywa kwezinga le-insulin: okujwayelekile kusuka ku-15 kuye ku-180 mmol / l, uma kuphansi, khona-ke kuyindlela yohlobo lwe-insulin exhomeke ku-1, uma i-insulin iphakeme kunaleyo evamile noma engaphansi kwemingcele evamile, lokhu kubonisa uhlobo lwesibili.
- Ama-pancreatic beta-cell antibodies anqunywa ekuhlolweni kusenesikhathi noma kusengaphambili ukuthayipha isifo sikashukela 1.
- Ama-antibodies kuya ku-insulin atholakala ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nesokuqala kwesifo sikashukela.
- Ukunqunywa kophawu lwesifo sikashukela - amasosha omzimba ukuya ku-GAD. Leli iprotheni elithile, ama-antibodies kulo lingaba yiminyaka emihlanu ngaphambi kokukhula kwesifo.
Uma usola isifo sikashukela, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uhlole ngokushesha ukuze uvikele ukuthuthuka kwezinkinga ezisongela impilo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi ungasithola kanjani isifo sikashukela. Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko izokukhombisa ukuthi yini okudingeka ukuthi uhlolwe isifo sikashukela.
