Ukunikela ngegazi kwe-glucose isifundo esibalulekile ukukhomba izimo zokugula kanye nokugula okufana nesifo sikashukela, i-hypoglycemia, i-hyperglycemia, ukuhlaselwa kwe-pheochromocytoma. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi likashukela kwenziwa ngesifo senhliziyo esisolisayo, i-systemic atherosclerosis, ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, izinqubo ezingekho emthethweni ezenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile.
Ushukela okuphoqelekile unikezwa ukuqapha ukusebenza ngempumelelo kokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela, ngengozi eyandayo yezifo ze-pancreatic, ukukhuluphala kanye nefa elibi. Abantu abaningi baboniswa bethatha igazi likashukela ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwabo kwezokwelashwa minyaka yonke.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kube nokwanda kwesibalo sabantu abanesifo sikashukela, namuhla iziguli ezingaba yizigidi eziyi-120 zibhaliswe ngokusemthethweni emhlabeni wonke, ezweni lethu kukhona okungenani iziguli ezingama-2,5. Kodwa-ke, empeleni, eRussia, iziguli eziyisigidi ezingama-8 zingalindelwa, kanti ingxenye yesithathu yazo ayazi nokuxilongwa isifo sayo.
Ukuhlolwa komphumela wokuhlaziywa
Ukuthola umphumela owenele, udinga ukulungiselela kahle isivivinyo, amasampula egazi ahlala enzelwa esiswini esingenalutho. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kudlule amahora angaphezu kwe-10 kusukela ngesikhathi sokudla kwakusihlwa. Ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa, ukucindezela, ukusebenza ngokweqile komzimba, nokubhema kufanele kugwenywe. Kwenzeka ukuthi amasampula egazi kashukela enziwa emthanjeni we-cubital, lokhu kwenziwa uma kwenziwa ukuhlaziywa kwe-biochemical. Ukuthola ushukela kuphela egazini le-venous akunakwenzeka.
Imvamisa, isilinganiso se-glucose yabantu abadala kufanele sisuke ku-3.3 siye ku-5.6 mmol / ilitha, le nkomba ayincikile ebulilini. Uma igazi lithathwe emthanjeni ukuze lihlaziywe, izinga lokudla okushukela lisuka ku-4 liye ku-6.1 mmol / ilitha.
Enye ingxenye yokulinganisa engasetshenziswa - mg / i-deciliter, khona-ke inombolo u-70-105 izoba yinto ejwayelekile yokwenza amasampula egazi. Ukudlulisa izinkomba kusuka kuyunithi eyodwa kuya kwenye, udinga ukwanda umphumela ku-mmol ngo-18.
Okujwayelekile ezinganeni kuyahlukahluka ngokuya ngeminyaka:
- kuze kube unyaka - 2.8-4.4;
- kuze kube yiminyaka emihlanu - 3.3-5.5;
- emva kweminyaka emihlanu - kuyafana nesiko labantu abadala.
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, owesifazane utholakala enoshukela u-3.8-5.8 mmol / ilitha, ngokuphambuka okukhulu kulezi zinkomba esikhuluma ngazo ngesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa noma ukuqala kwalesi sifo.
Lapho i-glucose engenhla kuka-6.0 kudingeka ukwenza izivivinyo ngomthwalo, phumelela izivivinyo ezingezekile.
Ukubekezelelwa kwe-glucose
Izinkomba ezingenhla zoshukela wegazi zilungele ucwaningo ngesisu esingenalutho. Ngemuva kokudla, ushukela ukhuphuka, uhlala usezingeni eliphakeme isikhathi esithile. Qinisekisa noma ukhiphe ushukela usiza umnikelo wegazi ngomthwalo.
Okokuqala, banikela ngegazi kusuka emunweni esiswini esingenalutho, khona-ke isiguli sinikezwa isisombululo se-glucose, bese kuthi ngemuva kwamahora ama-2 isifundo siphindwe. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi isivivinyo sokuvumela ukubekezelela ushukela (elinye igama liyi-glucose test test), yenza sikwazi ukubona ubukhona befomu lokugcina le-hypoglycemia. Ukuhlolwa kuzosebenza uma kwenzeka ungabaza imiphumela yokuhlaziya okunye.
Kubaluleke kakhulu esikhathini lapho kuhlolwa igazi okwenzelwe ushukela, ungaphuzi, ungadli, ungafaki umsebenzi wokuzivocavoca, unganqotshwa yizimo ezicindezelayo.
Izinkomba zokuhlola kuzoba:
- emva kwehora eli-1 - hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-8.8 mmol / litre;
- ngemuva kwamahora ama-2 - akukho ngaphezu kwe-7.8 mmol / ilitha.
Ukungatholakali kwesifo sikashukela kufakazelwa ngokuzila ushukela wegazi kusuka ku-5.5 kuye ku-5.7 mmol / lit, amahora ama-2 ngemuva kokulayisha kwe-glucose - 7.7 mmol / litre. Uma kwenzeka ukubekezelelwa kwe-glucose engasebenzi kahle, izinga likashukela elisheshayo lizoba ngu-7.8 mmol / litre, ngemuva kokulayisha - lisuka ku-7.8 liye ku-11 mmol / ilitha. Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus siqinisekiswa nge-glucose esheshayo edlula ama-7.8 mmol, ngemuva kokulayisha ushukela okukhonjiswa ngaphezulu kwe-11.1 mmol / litre.
Inkomba ye-hyperglycemic ne-hypoglycemic ibalwa ngesisekelo somphumela wokuhlolwa kwegazi okusheshayo, kanye nangemva kokulayishwa kweglucose. Inkomba ye-hyperglycemic akufanele ibe phezulu kune-1.7, futhi inkomba ye-hypoglycemic engekho ngaphezu kwe-1,3. Uma umphumela wokuhlolwa kwegazi kuyinto evamile, kepha ama-indices akhuphuka kakhulu, umuntu usengozini yokuthola isifo sikashukela kungekudala.
Isifo sikashukela futhi sidinga ukunquma inani le-hemoglobin ye-glycated, akufanele ibe ngaphezulu kuka-5.7%. Le nkomba isiza ekwakheni ikhwalithi yokubuyiselwa kwezifo, ukulungisa ukwelashwa okunqunyelwe.
Ukuqinisekisa isifo sikashukela, igazi alithathiwa kulokhu kuhlaziywa, ngoba kunezici eziningi ezizonikeza umphumela ongamanga.
Ukuphambuka okungenzeka kusuka kokujwayelekile
Ukwanda kwe-glucose esigulini kungenzeka ngemuva kokudla, ukuzikhandla okukhulu ngokomzimba, okuhlangenwe nakho kwezinzwa, kanye ne-pathologies of pancreas, gland yegilo. Isimo esifanayo senzeka ngokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezithile:
- ama-hormone;
- adrenaline
- I-Thyroxine.
Uma kwenzeka ukubekezelelwa kwe-glucose engasebenzi kahle, ukwanda kokuxineka koshukela egazini nakho kuyenzeka.
Ukwehla kwezinga le-glucose kwenzeka ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela, uma zithatha imithamo ephakeme yemithi enciphisa ushukela, yeqa ukudla, futhi kune-overulin ye-insulin.
Uma uthatha igazi kumuntu ngaphandle kwesifo sikashukela, i-glucose nayo ingancishiswa, lokhu kwenzeka ngemuva kokuzila isikhathi eside, ukusebenzisa kabi utshwala, ubuthi nge-arsenic, chloroform, gastroenteritis, pancreatitis, tumors in pancreas, nangemva kokuhlinzwa esiswini.
Izimpawu zikashukela ophezulu zizoba:
- umlomo owomile
- ukulunywa kwesikhumba;
- ukukhipha ukuphuma komchamo;
- ukulamba okwandayo, indlala;
- ushintsho olugcwele kunombolo yemilenze.
Ukuboniswa ushukela ophansi kuzoba ukukhathala, ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ukuqina, isikhumba esimanzi, isikhumba esibandayo, ukuqubuka ngokweqile, ukwazi ukungasebenzi kahle, kuze kufike ku-hypoglycemic coma.
Esigulini esinesifo sikashukela, izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela zivusa ukuguquguquka kwamazinga kashukela, ngenxa yalesi sizathu kubalulekile ukuqhuba ukuqapha njalo, ikakhulukazi ngohlobo lwesifo sokuqala. Ngale njongo, kufanele usebenzise idivaysi ephathekayo yokukala ushukela. Ikuvumela ukuthi ulawule izinga le-glycemia ekhaya. Imitha iyindlela ethembeke kunazo zonke yokuzihlola.
Inqubo yokuhlaziya ilula. Indawo lapho igazi lithathwa khona ushukela iphathwa nge-antiseptic, bese isebenzisa isisikhwebu ukubhoboza iminwe. Idonsi lokuqala legazi kufanele lisuswe ngebhandeji, uvolo wekotini, kudonswe okwesibili umucu wokuhlola ofakwe kwimitha. Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuhlola umphumela.
Esikhathini sethu, isifo sikashukela sesiphenduke isifo esivamile, indlela elula yokuyichaza, ukuvikela kufanele kubizwe ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Lapho eqinisekisa ukutholakala kwesifo, udokotela ubeka imishanguzo yokwehlisa ushukela noma ukujova i-insulin.
