Uma umfutho wegazi uvamile, lokhu kukhombisa impilo enhle. Ipharamitha elifanayo lihlola ukuthi kusebenza kahle kangakanani izicubu zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Ukwehlisa noma ukukhulisa ingcindezi kukuvumela ukuthi ubone ukuba khona kwezifo ezahlukahlukene.
Lapho kutholakala ukuthi unesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, kubalulekile ukubheka njalo isimo semithambo nasekhaya ukukala amapharamitha usebenzisa i-tonometer. Kepha udinga ukuqonda ukuthi, ngaphandle kwama-pathologies, amanani angahluka, kuya ngomthwalo nobudala.
Okwamanje, sekusungulwe ithebula lezinkomba ezijwayelekile zokucindezela kwegazi kweziguli zeminyaka ehlukene. Ukubona ukuphambuka kwe-pathological kusuka kule datha kusiza ukuthola lesi sifo ngesikhathi futhi siqale ukwelashwa okufanele.
Yini umfutho wegazi?
Umfutho wegazi ungamandla athile okuphuma kwegazi acindezela emithanjeni, emithanjeni nakuma-capillaries. Lapho izitho nezinhlelo zangaphakathi zingagcwaliseki ngokweqile noma ngokweqile igazi, umzimba uthola ukungasebenzi kahle, okubangela izifo ezahlukahlukene nokufa.
Ingcindezi yenziwa uhlelo lwezinhliziyo, kuyilapho inhliziyo isebenza njengompompo. Ngosizo lwayo, uketshezi lwezinto eziphilayo ngemithambo yegazi lungena izitho nezicubu ezibalulekile. Ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa, izicubu zenhliziyo zixosha igazi kuma-ventricles, lapho kukhiwa khona ingcindezi ephezulu noma ye-systolic.
Ngemuva kokuthi imithambo igcwaliswe kancane ngegazi, ngosizo lophonendoscope ungalalela isigqi senhliziyo. Isimo esifanayo sibizwa ngokuthi ingcindezi ephansi noma ye-diastolic. Ngokusekelwa kula manani, kwenziwa inkomba ejwayelekile, eqondiswa udokotela.
- Amamilimitha we-mercury asetshenziswa njengophawu. Imiphumela yokuxilonga iqukethe izinombolo ezimbili ezikhonjwe ngesilayidi.
- Inombolo yokuqala yizingcindezi zegazi ngesikhathi sokuqothuka kwemisipha yenhliziyo noma i-systole, kanti okwesibili kuyinani ngesikhathi sokuphumula okuphezulu kwenhliziyo noma i-diastole.
- Isikhombisi umehluko phakathi kwalezi zibalo yingcindezi ye-pulse, ukujwayelekile kwayo kungama-35 mm RT. Ubuciko.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ingcindezi yomuntu ejwayelekile ingahluka ngokuya ngezinto ezitholakalayo. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nakubantu abadala abanempilo, izinga lingakhuphuka uma kunokwanda komzimba noma ukucindezela.
Ingcindezi ingehla kakhulu lapho umuntu evuka embhedeni. Ngakho-ke, inkomba ethembekile ingatholakala uma isilinganiso senziwa endaweni ephakeme. Kulokhu, i-tonometer kufanele ibe sezingeni lenhliziyo, ingalo eyeluliwe ivuselelwa ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ibekwe i-perpendicular emzimbeni.
Ingcindezi efanelekile iyinkomba engu-120 ngabangu-80, futhi osomeni kufanele babe nezinga elinjalo.
Imingcele ephansi yomfutho wegazi
Uma umkhawulo ophezulu uhlala ufinyelela ku-140, udokotela angakwazi ukubona ukuthi umfutho wegazi uphezulu. Ukuze wenze isimo sibe ngokwajwayelekile, kukhonjwa izimbangela zokwephulwa, kudliwe isidlo sokwelashwa, i-physiotherapy futhi, uma kunesidingo, kukhethwa imithi.
Okokuqala, isiguli kufanele siguqule indlela yaso yokuphila futhi sibukeze isidlo sayo. Imithi iqala lapho inkomba yengcindezelo ephezulu idlula i-160. Uma umuntu enesifo sikashukela, isifo se-coronary artery, i-atherossteosis namanye ama-pathologies, ukwelashwa kuqala ngezinguquko ezincane. Izinga elijwayelekile lesiguli libhekwa njenge inani le-130/85 mm RT. Ubuciko.
Umfutho ophansi womuntu ojwayelekile akufanele ube ngaphansi komngcele we-110/65. Ngokuncipha okuhleliwe kulelizinga, igazi alikwazi ukungena ngokuphelele ezithweni zangaphakathi, ngenxa yokuthi indlala yomoya-mpilo ingenzeka. Isitho esizwela kakhulu ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo ubuchopho.
- Isikhombisi esiphansi sivame ukutholwa kubasubathi bakudala abashiye ukusebenza komzimba okusebenzayo, yingakho inhliziyo iqala ukuba ne-hypertrophy.
- Ekwaluphaleni, kubalulekile ukugwema hypotension, ngoba umfutho wegazi ophansi kakhulu uthinta kabi ukusebenza kwengqondo futhi kubangela i-pathologies ehlukahlukene. Eminyakeni engu-50 yobudala noma ngaphezulu, inani ledestole lama-85-89 libhekwa njengokujwayelekile.
Ukuthola idatha ethembekile, kunconywa ukuthatha izilinganiso nge-tonometer engalweni ngakunye. Iphutha kudatha etholwe ngakwesokunene alikwazi ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-5 mm.
Uma izinga liphakeme kakhulu, lokhu kukhombisa ubukhona be-atherossteosis. Umehluko wemibiko eyi-15-20 mm ekubikeni kwe-stenosis yemithambo yegazi noma ukukhula kwawo okungahambi kahle.
Ileveli yokucindezela
Ukucindezela kwe-Pulse umehluko phakathi komfutho wegazi ophakeme naphansi. Lapho umuntu esesimweni esijwayelekile, le pharamitha ingama-35, kodwa ingahluka ngaphansi kwezici ezithile.
Kuze kube yiminyaka engama-35, okujwayelekile kubhekwa njengokubiza kusuka kuma-25 kuye kwangama-40, kubantu asebekhulile lesi sibalo singakhuphuka size sifinyelele kuma-50. Uma ingcindezi yokushaya kwenhliziyo ihlala ihliswa njalo, i-fibrillation ye-atrial, i-tamponade, ukushaya kwenhliziyo nezinye izifo zenhliziyo zivame ukutholakala.
Emazingeni aphezulu ezinhliziyo kubantu abadala, i-atherossteosis noma ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo kuyatholakala. Kwenzeka into efanayo uma umuntu ene-endocarditis, i-anemia, i-blockade ngaphakathi kwenhliziyo, nomzimba wabesifazane uthola izinguquko ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Odokotela bavame ukukala ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho ngokubala izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho (HR). Kulokhu, inani labashayi ngomzuzu kunqunywa, okujwayelekile yizinga le-60-90.
Kulokhu, ingcindezi nokushaya ngamandla kunobudlelwano obuqondile.
Umfutho wegazi ezinganeni
Ingcindezi esemithanjeni iyashintsha njengoba ingane ikhula futhi ikhula. Uma ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila, izinga lingama-60 / 40-96 / 50 mm Hg. Ubuciko., Bese kuthi ngonyaka itonometer ikhombise 90 / 50-112 / 74 mm RT. Ubuciko., Kanye nasebangeni lesikole, leli nani likhuphukela ku-100 / 60-122 / 78 mm RT. Ubuciko. Lokhu kungenxa yentuthuko nokukhula kwethoni ye-vascular.
Ngokuncipha okuncane kwemininingwane, udokotela angabona ukuthuthukiswa kokubambezeleka kohlelo lwethambo nenhliziyo. Lokhu kuvama ukuhamba njengoba ukhula, ngakho-ke kudingeka ukuthi uvakashele udokotela wezifo zenhliziyo kanye ngonyaka ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile. Uma kungekho amanye ama-pathologies, umfutho wegazi ophansi omncane awelashwa. Kepha udinga ukushintsha ukudla kwengane, faka ekudleni kwemenyu okucebile ngo-Vitamin B ukuqinisa imithambo yegazi nenhliziyo.
Umfutho wegazi ophakeme futhi awukhombisi njalo ukuba khona kwezifo. Kwesinye isikhathi lesi simo sibangelwa ukusebenza ngokweqile komzimba ngesikhathi sezemidlalo. Ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga, kubalulekile ukuthi uvakashele udokotela njalo. Ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kwezinkomba, kuyadingeka ukushintsha uhlobo lomsebenzi wengane.
Lapho ingane iba namandla, iba namandla ngokwengeziwe i-pulse iyancipha. Iqiniso ngukuthi izingane ezincane zinephimbo eliphansi le-vascular, ngakho inhliziyo ihlangana ngokushesha ukuze izinto ezizuzayo ngegazi zingene kuzo zonke izitho zangaphakathi nezicubu.
- Emavikini angama-0 kuya kwali-12, ukushaya kwe-100-150 kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile.
- Ezinyangeni ezi-3-6 - ukushaywa okungama-90-120 ngomzuzu.
- Ngezinyanga eziyi-6- 12 - 80-120.
- Kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10, okujwayelekile ukushaywa ngo-70-120 ngomzuzu.
Isilinganiso senhliziyo esiphakeme kakhulu enganeni singabonisa ukuthi kukhona ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-yegilo yegilo. Lapho ukushaya kwenhliziyo kuphezulu, i-hyperthyroidism iyatholakala, futhi uma iphansi - i-hypothyroidism.
Futhi, ukuntuleka kwe-calcium ne-magnesium emzimbeni kungaba imbangela yokwanda kwenhliziyo. Ukweqisa we-magnesium, kunalokho, kuholela ekushayeni kwenhliziyo okungavamile. Izifo zenhliziyo zingadala lesi simo. Izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo lishintsha liye ohlangothini oluphezulu noma oluphansi ngokuhlukunyezwa kwanoma yiziphi izidakamizwa.
Ngemuva kokuzivocavoca ngokomzimba, ukucindezela noma imizwa enamandla, ukukhuphuka kwenhliziyo kuyanda, okuyisimo esijwayelekile sokuphila komzimba. Ngokuvamile, ishayela liba lapho ingane ilele noma ilala nje. Uma ngalesi sikhathi ukushaya kwenhliziyo kungadikibali, kufanele uthintane nodokotela wezinhliziyo futhi uhlolwe njalo.
Esikhathini sobusha esukela eminyakeni eyi-10 kuye kwengu-17, imvamisa yengcindezi yegazi icishe ifane nakomdala. Kodwa ngenxa yezinguquko ezisebenzayo zama-hormonal, lezi zinkomba zingagxuma njalo. Njenge-prophylaxis enezinga eliphakeme, udokotela uncoma ukuhlola inhliziyo nenhliziyo yegilo. Uma kungekho ama-pathologies asobala, ukwelashwa akunqunyelwe.
Ukushayeka kokuthomba kwabaneminyaka yobudala ephakathi kwengu-12 kuya ku-129 kungaba ngu-70-130, eminyakeni eyi-13-17 - ukushaywa okungu-60-110 ngomzuzu. Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuncane kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile.
Kufaka phakathi ishayela elisezingeni eliphansi kuyabonakala kubasubathi, lapho inhliziyo isebenza ngemodi "yezomnotho".
Ingcindezi Yegazi Labadala
Lapho umfutho wegazi lomuntu ulinganiswa, inqubo yobudala nobulili ingahluka. Ikakhulu, amadoda anezinga eliphakeme kuyo yonke impilo kunabesifazane.
Eminyakeni engu-20 yobudala, izinga 123/76 libhekwa njengejwayelekile kwabesilisa abasebasha, kanti yi-116/73 mm Hg yamantombazane. Ubuciko. Ku-30, izinga lenyuka lifike ku-126/73 kwabesilisa kanye ne-120/75 kwabesifazane. Eminyakeni ephakathi, amanani we-tonometer angahluka kufinyelela ku-129/81 no-127/80 mm Hg. Ubuciko.
Kubantu ngeminyaka, isimo sishintsha kancane, eneminyaka engama-50 ubudala, izinkomba zesilisa ziyi-135/34, izinkomba zabesifazane ziyi-137/84. Eminyakeni engu-60 yobudala, okujwayelekile kungu-142/85 no-144/85, ngokulandelana. Ogogo asebekhulile bangaba nengcindezi ka-145/73, kanye nogogo - 150/79 mm RT. Ubuciko.
- Noma yiliphi inani liyakhuphuka uma umuntu engaphansi komzimba ongajwayelekile noma ukucindezelwa okungokomzwelo. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukukala umfutho wegazi nedivaysi ekhaya endaweni ezolile.
- Kufanele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi abasubathi nabantu abasebenza ngokuzivocavoca umzimba bazoba nezinkomba ezingabukelwa phansi kancane, okuyisimilo ekuziphatheni kwendlela enjalo yokuphila.
- Ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, kuvunyelwe ukuba nezinga le-130/85 mm Hg. Ubuciko. Uma amanani entengo ephakeme kakhulu, udokotela uzokuxilonga umfutho wegazi ophakeme.
- Uma i-pathology engalashwa, umfutho wegazi ophakeme ungavusa i-angina pectoris, ubunzima be-hypertensive, infarction ye-myocardial, stroke. Ingcindezi ye-Intraocular iphazamisa izinto ezibonakalayo futhi ibangele ikhanda elingabekezeleleki.
Ukushayeka okujwayelekile kumuntu ophile kahle kungukushaya okungu-60-100 ngomzuzu. Uma isilinganiso senhliziyo sikhuphuka noma sincipha, lokhu kukhombisa ukuba khona kwesifo senhliziyo noma se-endocrine.
Ukubhekisisa ikakhulukazi kufanele kukhokhwe esimweni sokushaywa kwenhliziyo kwasebegugile, ngoba noma iziphi izinguquko ziwuphawu lokuqala lokungasebenzi kahle kwenhliziyo. Uma umfutho wegazi wakho uphakeme noma uphansi kunamanani amukelwa ngokuvamile ngo-15 noma ngaphezulu, kufanele ngokushesha ufune usizo lodokotela.
Ngezinga elikhulayo lokucindezela, udokotela angabona ukuphefumula komoya, ingozi ye-cerebrovascular, aneuricms ye-aortic, isifo senhliziyo se-coronary, i-neurosis, ukwehluleka kwe-ventricular kwesokunxele, ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi.
Ukwehla kwamanani kungahlotshaniswa nesibeletho somlomo wesibeletho, ulwelwesi lwesisu, i-pancreatitis, i-hepatitis, i-anemia, i-rheumatism, i-cystitis, isifo sofuba, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, i-arrhasmia, i-hypothyroidism.
Ukulinganiselwa kwengcindezi yegazi lasekhaya
Yiziphi izinyathelo zokucindezela? Ukuthola idatha ethembekile, udinga ukukala umfutho usebenzisa i-tonometer eyiqiniso nethembekile. Inqubo kumele iqhutshwe ngasikhathi sinye - ekuseni nakusihlwa. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, udinga ukuphumula, ususe noma yimiphi imicabango engokomzwelo.
I-cuff yedivayisi ibekwa engalweni engenalutho, ubukhulu bayo kufanele buhambisane nokujikeleza kwehlombe. Isandla kufanele silale sakhululeka, sikhululekile, singanyakazi, ezingeni lenhliziyo. Isiguli kufanele siphefumule ngokwemvelo ngaphandle kokubamba umoya esifubeni. Ngemuva kwemizuzu emithathu ukukalwa, inqubo kufanele iphindwe, emva kwalokho inani elitholwayo elirekhodiwe.
Uma umphumela wokuxilongwa uphakeme kakhulu, lokhu kungaba ngumphumela wokuhlangenwe nakho okungokomzwelo. Ngokuphulwa okuncane, izindlela ezifakiwe zabantu zokuthuthukisa isimo ziyasetshenziswa, zinezibuyekezo ezinhle ezivela kodokotela neziguli. Kunconywa futhi ukwehlisa ingcindezi ngokudla okufanele.
Mayelana nokujwayelekile kwengcindezi yegazi ngokobudala kuchazwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
