Ukusheshisa izinga likashukela wegazi kusuka kumthambo: postprandial

Izinto eziphambili zamandla omzimba womuntu yi-glucose, okuvela kuyo, ngenxa yemiphumela eminingana yezinto eziphilayo, kungenzeka ukuthola amakhalori adingekayo empilweni. Iglucose encane iyatholakala esibindini, i-glycogen ikhishwa ngaleso sikhathi lapho i-carbohydrate encane ivela ekudleni.

Kwezokwelapha, igama elithi ushukela wegazi alikho, lusetshenziswa ekukhulumeni kahle, ngoba kunoshukela omningi emvelweni, futhi umzimba usebenzisa ushukela kuphela. Isimo soshukela sinokwehluka ngokuya ngesikhathi sosuku, ukudla kakhulu, ukuba khona kwezimo ezicindezelayo, iminyaka yesiguli kanye nobungako bomzimba.

Izinkomba ze-Glycemia zihlala zincipha noma zanda, i-insulin ye-hormone, ekhiqizwa yi-pancreatic insulin apparatus, kufanele ilawule uhlelo olunjalo oluyinkimbinkimbi. I-adrenaline ye-adrenaline ibhekele okungenani amazinga amazinga kashukela.

Uma kwenzeka wephula umsebenzi walezi zitho zomzimba, umthethonqubo wehluleka, ngenxa yalokho, kuqhamuka izifo ezibangelwa ama-metabolic pathologies. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuphazamiseka okunjalo kuba ukwephulwa kwezinqubo ze-metabolic, izifo ezingenakuphikwa zezitho zangaphakathi nezinhlelo. Ukuhlola isimo sempilo, kuyadingeka ukunikela njalo ngegazi ushukela, ukuthola izinkomba ze-glucose egazini esiswini esingenalutho.

Ushukela wegazi unqunywa kanjani?

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwamazinga we-glucose kungenziwa kunoma yisiphi isikhungo sezokwelapha; okwamanje, izindlela eziningana zokuthola ukunqunyelwa koshukela ziyenziwa: i-glucose oxidase, i-ortotoluidine, i-ferricyanide.

Enye nenye yalezi zindlela yayihlangene kuma-70s eminyaka edlule. Zivivinywa isikhathi eside ngokuqukethwe kwemininingwane, ukuthembeka, okulula kakhulu ukwenza, ngokusetshenziselwa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali nge-glucose etholakalayo. Njengomphumela walolu cwaningo, kukhiqizwa uketshezi olunemibala, oluthi, kusetshenziswa idivaysi ekhethekile, ihlolwe ubukhulu bombala, bese idluliselwa enkombeni yokulinganisa.

Umphumela kufanele ubikwe kumayunithi aphesheya - mmol / l noma ku-mg nge-100 ml. Guqula i-mg / L ibe ngu-mmol / L ngokumane iphindaphindwe ngenombolo yokuqala isibili. Uma kusetshenziswa indlela yeHagedorn-Jensen, isibalo sokugcina sizoba ngaphezulu.

Izinto ezibonakalayo zithathwa emthanjeni we-ulnar noma emunweni, kufanele zikwenze lokhu esiswini esingenalutho kuze kube ngu-11 a.m. Isifo sikashukela sixwayisa kusengaphambili ukuthi udinga:

• yenqaba ukudla amahora angama-8-14 ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa;
• kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa kuphela amanzi amsulwa ngaphandle kwegesi, amanzi amaminerali avumelekile.

Ngosuku olwandulela ukuhlolwa kwegazi, kwenqatshelwe ukudla ngokweqile, ukuphuza utshwala, ikofi elinamandla. Uma ungazinaki izincomo zikadokotela, kungenzeka ukuthi uthole umphumela ongamanga, obangela ukungabaza ngokwanele kwendlela enqunyelwe.

Lapho igazi likashukela lithathwa emthanjeni esiswini esingenalutho, inqubo evumelekayo inyuka ngo-12%, okungukuthi, egazini le-capillary kufanele lisuke ku-3.3 liye ku-5.5 mmol / l ushukela, egazini le-venous - 3.5 - 6.1%. Ushukela 5 mmol / L uyinkomba ehamba phambili yezingane nabantu abadala. Uma iphansi kancane - lokhu kuhlukile kokujwayelekile.

I-World Health Organisation iphakamisa ukuthi umkhawulo ophezulu kashukela wegazi usethe ku-5.6 mmol / L. Uma isiguli sineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60 ubudala, kukhonjiswa ukuthi inkomba kufanele iguqulwe ibe ngu-0,056, futhi lokhu kwenziwa minyaka yonke!

Lapho imiphumela itholakala, udinga ukuxhumana ne-endocrinologist ukuthola usizo, udokotela uzokutshela ukuthi imuphi ushukela, ukuthi wehlisa kanjani i-glycemia, kungani ushukela wegazi uphezulu ngemuva kokudla kunasesiswini esingenalutho.

Imithetho

Kubantu, imikhawulo ephezulu nephansi ye-glucose yegazi ithathwe, iyahlukahluka ngokuya ngeminyaka yesiguli, kepha akukho mehluko wobulili. Isimo sikashukela wegazi esivela emithanjeni esiswini esingenalutho.

Ukuphela kwento ebaluleke kakhulu unyaka wengane. Ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa, indlela ejwayelekile yokudla okushukela isukela ku-2.8 iye ku-4,4 mmol / L, kusukela eminyakeni eyi-1 iye eminyakeni eyi-14 - lezi izinombolo ezisukela ku-3.3 kuya ku-5.6 mmol / L.

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwabesifazane, amazinga evamile kashukela asuka ku-3,3 kuye ku-6,6 mmol / L, ukwanda kokuxineka koshukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwengane kungakhombisa ukuthuthukiswa kokukhula kwesifo sikashukela se-latent.

Ukuzila ushukela noshukela ngemuva kokudla kuhlukile, futhi isikhathi sosuku sidlala indima, lapho kuthathwa izinto zokuphila ukuze zicwaningwe.

Umphumela uhlolwa kanjani?

Ngemuva kokuthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi, udokotela kufanele ahlole amazinga kashukela egazini: ejwayelekile, ephansi, ushukela omningi. Lapho inani elikhudlwana le-glucose likhona ekuzileni kwegazi eline-venous, bakhuluma nge-hyperglycemia. Lesi simo se-pathological sinezimbangela ezahlukahlukene, ngokuyinhloko i-hyperglycemia ihlotshaniswa nohlobo 1 noma uhlobo 2 isifo sikashukela mellitus, kanye nezifo ezahlukahlukene zohlelo lwe-endocrine (lokhu kufaka i-acromegaly, i-thyrotooticosis, isifo se-adrenal, i-gigantism).

Ezinye izimbangela zeshukela eliphakeme: i-pancreatic neoplasms, isifo sohlangothi, ukufakwa kwe-myocardial, izifo zesibindi ezingapheli, inqubo yokulimala kokuvuvukala (i-pancreatitis isifo), izifo ezinobuthi ezihambisana nokulimala kokulimala, i-cystic fibrosis (izinkinga zezicubu ezithintekayo) ezihambisana nokukhiqizwa kwama-antibodies ku-insulin.

Ukwanda ushukela ekuseni futhi usuku lonke lubonwa ngemuva kwesimo esicindezelayo, okuhlangenwe nakho okunobudlova, ukuzikhandla ngokweqile komzimba, ngokweqile kwama-carbohydrate alula ekudleni. Odokotela banesiqiniseko sokuthi ukwanda ushukela kungabangelwa ukubhema, ukwelashwa ngemithi ethile, ama-hormone, ama-estrogens, imithi ebandakanya i-caffeine.

Okunye okungahambi kahle kushukela wegazi yi-hypoglycemia (inani elincishisiwe likashukela). Lokhu kwenzeka ngeziphazamiso nezifo ezifana nalezi:

1. izinqubo ze-oncological esiswini, izindlala ze-adrenal, isibindi;
2. i-hepatitis, i-cirrhosis;
3. i-pathology ye-pancreas (inqubo yokuvuvukala, isimila);
4. ushintsho ohlelweni lwe-endocrine (ukunciphisa umsebenzi we-thyroid);
5. ukweqisa kwemithi (ama-anabolics, ama-insulin, ama-salicylates).

Ijubane le-glucose legazi liyancipha ngenxa yokudla ubuthi ngamakhompiyutha e-arsenic, utshwala, yindlala ende, ukuzikhandla ngokweqile komzimba, ukukhuphuka kokushisa komzimba ngezifo ezithathelanayo, izifo zamathumbu ezinama-malabsorption wezakhi zomzimba.

I-Hypoglycemia itholakala ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa, kanye nasezinganeni eziphuma kumama abanesifo sikashukela.

Indlela Yokuthola Isifo Sikashukela

Ukushesha ushukela wegazi kusiza ekuboneni ukuthi isiguli sinesifo sikashukela kanye nefomu yaso yakamuva. Izincomo zezokwelapha ezenziwe lula zibonisa ukuthi inqubo ejwayelekile ye-glucose kufanele ihambisane nezinkomba kusuka ku-5.6 kuye ku-6.0 mmol / L, isimo lapho umphumela wokuzila kwegazi okuvela kumthambo ongaphezu kwe-6.1 mmol / L uthathwa njenge-prediabetes.

Yini okufanele ibe ushukela wesifo sikashukela? Ukuxilongwa okungabazeki kwesifo sikashukela kuzotholakala ushukela wasekuseni ngenhla kuka-7.0 mmol / L, kungakhathaleki ukuthi kuthathwa kanjani ukudla - 11.0 mmol / L.

Kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi imiphumela yocwaningo iyamangazi, azikho izimpawu ezisobala zesifo sikashukela. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kuphinde kukhonjiswe ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi nge-glucose, elinye igama lokuhlaziya ukuhlolwa kokukhuthazelela ushukela (i-TSH), ijika leshukela.

Okokuqala, bathatha ushukela ekuseni esiswini esingenalutho, bathathe lo mphumela njengesibonakaliso sokuqala. Ngemuva kwalokho i-75 g ye-glucose powder ecutshwe ingilazi yamanzi, ethathwa ngomlomo ngesikhathi. Izingane zidinga ukuthatha ushukela omncane, umthamo ubalwa ngokuya ngesisindo, uma ingane inesisindo esifinyelela ku-45 kg, kuthathwe i-kg ngayinye engu-1.75 g yeglucose. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-30, amahora angama-1, 2, kufanele uthathe amasampula egazi ongeziwe kashukela.

Kubalulekile ukwenqaba ukusampula lwegazi lokuqala nelokugcina:

1. ukusebenza komzimba;
2. ukubhema;
3. ukudla ukudla.

Ngabe yini ushukela wegazi? Ushukela osegazini ekuseni kufanele ube ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ejwayelekile noma wehlise kancane, uma kukhona ukwephulwa kokubekezelelwa kwe-glucose, ukuhlaziya okuphakathi kuzokhombisa u-11.1 mmol / l egazini elivela emunweni, no-10.0 egazini eliphuma emithanjeni. 2 amahora emva kokuhlaziywa, izinkomba ze-glycemia kufanele zivame ukuhlala zingaphezulu kwezinombolo ezijwayelekile.

Uma ushukela wegazi osheshayo unyuka, ushukela uzotholwa nomchamo, lapho nje ushukela ufinyelela inani lawo elijwayelekile, uzonyamalala ngomchamo. Kungani ushukela wokuzila uphakeme kunasemuva kokudla? Kulesi simo, kunezincazelo eziningana, isizathu sokuqala yisifo okuthiwa i-ekuseni dawn syndrome, lapho kunokuhlaselwa kwama-hormone.

Isizathu sesibili i-hypoglycemia yasebusuku, mhlawumbe isiguli sithatha inani elanele lezidakamizwa ngokumelene nesifo sikashukela futhi umzimba wenza konke okusemandleni ukukhuphula amazinga kashukela.

Ngenxa yalokhu, izinga le-glucose egazini liyakhuphuka, ukuncipha koshukela, ngcono umuntu azizwe, noma kunjalo, izinga eliphansi le-glycemia futhi akufanele liwe.

Ungakuhlola kanjani okuqukethwe ushukela?

Ukuthola izinkomba ezijwayelekile zoshukela wegazi noma cha, kufanele udlulise izinto ezibonakalayo zokucwaninga. Izinkomba zalokhu kuzoba yizimpawu ezahlukahlukene ezenzeka ngesifo sikashukela (ukulunywa, ukoma, ukuchama kaningi). Kodwa-ke, kuyasiza ukuhlola amazinga kashukela wegazi noma ngaphandle kokuba khona kwezinkinga zezempilo ukuze ukwazi ukuzithiba.

Imithetho yokuthatha isivivinyo ithi udinga ukuthatha igazi esiswini esingenalutho lapho umuntu elambile. Ukuhlaziywa kwenziwa esikhungweni sezokwelapha noma ekhaya nge-glucometer. Imitha ye-glucose ephathekayo kanye newashi labanesifo sikashukela kuvame ukusebenziseka kalula, awudingi ukulinda emgqeni ukuthola ukuthi ushukela wegazi, udinga nje ukuphonsa umunwe wakho ekhaya uthathe ithonsi elilodwa legazi. I-glucometer ikhombisa izinga leshukela ngemuva kwemizuzwana embalwa.

Uma imitha ikhombisa ukuthi ushukela wokuzila uphakanyisiwe, kufanele wengeze okunye ukuhlaziya emtholampilo. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi uthole amanani ngqo eglucose, uthole ushukela ojwayelekile kubantu noma cha, ukuphambuka okuncane akubhekwa njenge-pathology. Ushukela wokuzila okuphezulu unikeza ukuxilongwa okuphelele komzimba ukuze ungafaki isifo sikashukela ezinganeni nakubantu abadala.

Kwesinye isikhathi ukuhlolwa kukashukela okukodwa kwegazi kubantu abadala kwanele, lo mthetho uhambelana nezimpawu ezishiwo sikashukela. Uma kungekho zimpawu ezibonakalayo,

• kwembula ushukela ophakeme wokuzila;
• wanikela ngegazi ngezinsuku ezahlukahlukene.

Kulokhu, cabanga ngocwaningo lokuqala ngoshukela ekuseni ngesisu esingenalutho, kanti okwesibili - kusuka kumthambo.

Kwenzeka ukuthi iziguli ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa zikushintshe ngokukhulu ukucophelela ukudla kwazo, lokhu akukufanele, ngoba uzothola umphumela ongathembekile. Kuyenqatshelwe nokusebenzisa kabi ukudla okumnandi. Ukunemba kwezilinganiso kuvame ukuthintwa ezinye izifo ezikhona, ukukhulelwa, izimo ezicindezelayo. Awukwazi ukunikela ngegazi uma isiguli sisebenze ekushintsheni ebusuku ubusuku obandulele, kufanele kuqala silale kahle ebusuku.

Ushukela wegazi uyadingeka ukukalwa esiswini esingenalutho:

1. ushukela wegazi kumuntu ophile kahle unqunywa okungenani kanye ezinyangeni eziyisithupha;
2. ikakhulukazi lapho isiguli sineminyaka engaphezu kwengama-40.

Imvamisa yokulinganiswa kashukela ihlala njalo kuncike ohlotsheni lwesifo sikashukela, onesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin, isifundo kumele senziwe njalo ngaphambi kokuthi i-insulin ilimale. Lapho isimo sezempilo siba sibi, umuntu wayenovalo, isigqi sakhe sempilo sishintsha, kubalulekile ukukala ushukela kaningi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, izinkomba ze-glycemic zivame ukuguquka, abantu abakuqapheli njalo lokhu.

Ngohlobo 2 sikashukela, bathatha igazi ngomunwe esiswini esingenalutho, ngemuva kokudla nangaphambi kokulala. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi esiswini esingenalutho inani lingaphansi kunasemuva kokudla. Ungalinganisa ushukela ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela, njengoba kuphawuliwe, kumele yenziwe kabili ngonyaka.

Kuyadingeka ukukhetha ama-glucometer alungele izilawuli ezilula zokusebenzisa ikhaya, idivaysi kumele ihlangabezane nezidingo eziningi. Okokuqala, kufanele kube okusheshayo, okunembile, intengo ye-glucometer yasekhaya ingaba ngaphansi kunamadivayisi angenisiwe, kepha hhayi aphansi ekusebenzeni. I-Optimum iyi-gluroeter ye-electrochemical ekhombisa izilinganiso ezimbalwa ezedlule.

Athatha kanjani amasampula egazi elabhorethri

Ukwethenjwa komphumela kungahle kuncike kunqubo efanelekile yokuqoqa izinto eziphilayo emtholampilo. Uma ungayinaki imithetho yethangi le-septic, kunethuba lenchubo yokuvuvukala emthanjeni kanye nokutheleleka komzimba, lolu hlobo lwezinkinga lubi kakhulu.

Ukuhlaziya, kusetshenziswa isirinji, inaliti noma uhlelo lwe-vacuum, inaliti iyadingeka ukuphuma kwegazi ngqo kwi-tube test. Le ndlela kancane kancane ilahlekelwe ukuthandwa, njengoba kungeyona elula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa, kunengozi yokuxhumana kwegazi ngezandla zomsizi welabhorethri nezinto ezizungezile.

Izikhungo zezokwelapha zesimanje ziya ngokuya zethula amasistimu we-vacuum we-sampling yegazi, aqukethe inaliti emincane, i-adapter, amashubhu ane-reagent ne-vacuum. Ngale ndlela yokusebenzisa amasampula egazi, kunamathuba amancane okuxhumana nezandla zochwepheshe bezokwelapha.

Uchwepheshe kule vidiyo ekulesi sihloko uzokutshela ngemithetho yokuhlolwa kwegazi ushukela.