Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili eyedlule, inani labantu abanesifo sikashukela lenyuke cishe izikhathi ezingamashumi amabili. Lokhu akubalwa kweziguli ezingazazi izifo zazo. Okuvame kakhulu yisifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, esincike ku-insulin.
Zigula kakhulu esegugile. Uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela luthinta abantu besebancane, izingane zihlangabezana nalo, futhi kunezimo zesifo sikashukela esizalwa naso. Ngaphandle kwemijovo ye-insulin, abakwazi ukwenza usuku olulodwa.
Ukwethulwa kwe-insulin kungahle kuhambisane nemiphumela yokungezwani komzimba, kukhona ukunganakwa komuthi. Konke lokhu kuholela ekufuneni izindlela ezintsha, enye yazo ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 esinamaseli we-stem.
Izimbangela Zesifo Sikashukela soHlobo 1
Kuhlobo 1 sikashukela, ukuntuleka kwe-insulin kuba ngenxa yokufa kwamangqamuzana e-beta asezithombeni ezingama-pancreatic zeLangerhans. Lokhu kungabangelwa yizinto ezinjengalezi:
- Isandulela sofuzo esenzekile.
- Ukusabela kwe-Autoimmune.
- Ukutheleleka ngegciwane - isimungumungwane, i-rubella, i-cytomegalovirus, inkukhu, igciwane leCoxsackie, mumps.
- Isimo esinamandla sokuhlukumezeka kwengqondo.
- Inqubo yokuvuvukala kumanyikwe.
Kuzo zonke lezi zimo, amaseli e-pancreatic abonwa njengawangaphandle, futhi amasosha omzimba ayawabulala. Okuqukethwe kwe-insulin kuyancipha, kuphakama izinga likashukela wegazi. Lokhu kuholela ekuthuthukisweni okubukhali kwezimpawu: ukoma, ukuchama ngokweqile, ubuthakathaka obujwayelekile, ukulamba, ukunciphisa isisindo, ikhanda nokuphazamiseka kokulala.
Uma isiguli ungaqali ukwelashwa nge-insulin, iba nesibindi sikashukela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona izingozi ngendlela yezinkinga - ukuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukulahleka kombono kwisifo sikashukela i-mellitus, i-microangiopathy ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-gangrene, i-neuropathy kanye ne-pathology yezinso ngokuhluleka kwezinso.
Izindlela zokwelapha isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1
Namuhla, isifo sikashukela sibhekwa njengengelapheki. Ukwelashwa uwukugcina amazinga eglucose ebangeni elinconyiwe ngokusebenzisa imijovo yokudla kanye ne-insulin. Isimo sesiguli singase sanelise ngethamo elifanele, kepha amaseli we-pancreatic awakwazi ukubuyiselwa.
Imizamo yokufakelwa kwe-pancreatic yenziwe, kepha impumelelo ayikaphawulwa. Yonke insulin iphathwa ngomjovo, ngoba ngaphansi kwethonya le-hydrochloric acid ne-pepsin kusuka ujusi wesisu, bayabhujiswa. Enye yezinketho zokuphatha ukushiswa kwepampu ye-insulin.
Ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela, kuvela izindlela ezintsha eziveze imiphumela ekholisayo:
- Umuthi wokugomela i-DNA.
- Ukuvuselela ama-T-lymphocyte.
- I-Plasmapheresis
- Ukwelashwa kweseli.
Indlela entsha ukuthuthukiswa kwe-DNA - umuthi wokugoma ocindezela ukungatheleleki ezingeni le-DNA, ngenkathi ukubhujiswa kwamaseli e-pancreatic kuyema. Le ndlela isesigabeni sokuvivinywa kwemitholampilo, ukuphepha kwayo nemiphumela yesikhathi eside kunqunywa.
Bazama nokwenza isenzo samasosha omzimba ngosizo lwamaseli akhethekile ahlelekile, okuthi, ngokusho kwabathuthukisi, bangavikela amaseli e-insulin emanyikweni.
Kulokhu, ama-T-lymphocyte athathwa, ezimweni zelebhu impahla yawo iguqulwa ngendlela yokuthi ayeke ukubhubhisa amaseli we-pancreatic beta. Ngemuva kokubuyela egazini lesiguli, ama-T-lymphocyte aqala ukwakha ezinye izingxenye zesimiso sokuzivikela komzimba.
Enye yezindlela, i-plasmapheresis, isiza ekuhlanzeni igazi lezakhiwo zamaprotheni, kufaka phakathi ama-antigen kanye nezakhi zomzimba ezonakalisiwe. Igazi lidluliselwa ngethuluzi elikhethekile bese libuyela embhedeni we-vascular.
I-Stem Cell Diabetes Therapy
Amangqamuzana wesithunzi awamaseli angafiphele, angabonakali, atholakala kumongo wethambo. Imvamisa, lapho ilimele ilimele, idedelwa egazini bese kuthi endaweni yokulimala ithole impahla yesitho esinegciwane.
I-Stem cell therapy isetshenziselwa ukwelapha:
- I-Multiple Sclerosis.
- Ingozi ye-Cerebrovascular.
- Isifo i-Alzheimer's.
- Ukubuyiselwa kwengqondo (hhayi ngemvelaphi yezakhi zofuzo).
- I-Cerebral palsy.
- Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, i-angina pectoris.
- ILimb ischemia.
- Ukwehlukanisa i-endarteritis.
- Izilonda ezihlanganyele zokuvuvukala neziwohlokayo.
- Ukuntuleka kwesifo.
- Isifo sikaParkinsinson.
- Psoriasis kanye systemic lupus erythematosus.
- IHepatitis nokuhluleka kwesibindi.
- Ukuvuselelwa.
Kusungulwe inqubo yokwelapha uhlobo lwe-1 yesifo sikashukela enama-stem cell nokubuyekezwa ngakho okunikeza isizathu sethemba. Umnyombo wendlela ukuthi:
- Umongo wamathambo uthathwa ku-sternum noma i-femur. Ukuze wenze lokhu, feza uthango lwakhe usebenzisa inaliti ekhethekile.
- Ngemuva kwalokho la maseli ayacutshungulwa, amanye awo aqandelwe izinqubo ezilandelayo, amanye abekwa ohlotsheni lwe-incubator futhi kusuka ezinkulungwaneni ezingamashumi amabili ezinyangeni ezimbili akhula aze afike ezigidini ezingama-250.
- Amaseli atholakala ngaleyo ndlela angeniswa esigulini ngokusebenzisa i-catheter singene kumanyikwe.
Lo msebenzi ungenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia yendawo. Futhi ngokuya ngokubuyekezwa kweziguli, kusukela ekuqaleni kokwelashwa bazizwa benokushiswa okukhulu kokushisa kumanyikwe. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukuphatha nge-catheter, amaseli we-stem angangena emzimbeni nge-infravenous infusion.
Kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-50 ukuthi amaseli aqale inqubo yokubuyiselwa kwamanyikwe. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinguquko ezilandelayo zenzeka kumanyikwe:
- Amaseli alimele athathelwa indawo ngamaseli we-stem.
- Amaseli amasha aqala ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin.
- Ifomu lemithambo yegazi elisha (kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa ezikhethekile ukusheshisa i-angiogeneis).
Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu, hlola imiphumela. Ngokusho kwababhali bale ndlela kanye nemiphumela etholakala emitholampilo yaseYurophu, iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sizwa ukuthi kuyinto evamile, izinga likashukela egazini liqala ukuncipha, okuvumela ukwehla komthamo we-insulin. Izinkomba nokujwayelekile kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated egazini kuyazinza.
Ukwelashwa kweseli kwesifo sikashukela kunika imiphumela emihle enezinkinga eseziqalile. Nge-polyneuropathy, unyawo lwesifo sikashukela, amangqamuzana angafakwa ngqo kwisilonda. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukujikeleza kwegazi okungahambi kahle kanye ne-nerve conduction kuqala ukululama, izilonda ze-trophic zilapha.
Ukuhlanganisa umphumela, kunconywa inkambo yesibili yokuphatha. Ukufakwa kweseli esitokisini kwenziwa ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha. Kulokhu, amaseli asevele athathwe esifundweni sokuqala asetshenziswa.
Ngokusho kodokotela abelapha ama-stem cell ngesifo sikashukela, imiphumela ivela cishe engxenyeni yeziguli futhi bahlanganyela ekufezeni ukuxolelwa kwesikhathi eside kwesifo sikashukela - cishe unyaka nesigamu. Kunemininingwane engayodwa emacaleni okwenqaba kwe-insulin noma iminyaka emithathu.
Imiphumela emibi yamaseli we-stem
Ubunzima obukhulu ekulweni kwe-stem cell yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 ukuthi, ngokusho kwendlela yokuthuthuka, isifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin sisho izifo ze-autoimmune.
Okwamanje lapho amaseli we-stem ethola izakhiwo zamaseli we-insulin we-pancreas, amasosha omzimba aqala ukuhlasela okufanayo ngabo njengakuqala, okwenza ukubanga kwabo kube nzima.
Ukunciphisa ukwaliwa, izidakamizwa zisetshenziselwa ukucindezela ukungaziguli. Ezimweni ezinjalo, izinkinga zingenzeka:
- ubungozi bokusabela kobuthi buyakhula;
- isicanucanu, ukuhlanza kungenzeka;
- ngokwethulwa kwama-immunosuppressants, ukulahleka kwezinwele kungenzeka;
- umzimba awukwazi ukuzivikela ezifweni;
- ukuhlukaniswa kweseli okungalawulwa kungenzeka, okuholela ezinqubweni ze-tumor.
Abaphenyi baseMelika nabaseJapan ekwelashweni kwamaseli baphakamise ukuguqulwa kabusha kwendlela ngokungeniswa kwamaseli we-stem hhayi ezicutshini ze-pancreatic, kodwa esibindini noma ngaphansi kwekhompiyutha yezinso. Kulezi zindawo, bathambekele ekubhujisweni amaseli amasosha omzimba.
Futhi ngaphansi kwentuthuko kuyindlela yokwelashwa ehlanganisiwe - ufuzo kanye neselula. Uhlobo lofuzo lufakwa esitokisini se-stem yi-genetic engineering, ekhuthaza ukuguqulwa kwalo lube yiseli le-beta ejwayelekile; iseli esele lilungisiwe elihlanganisa i-insulin engena emzimbeni. Kulokhu, impendulo yokuzivikela komzimba ayivezwa kahle.
Ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa, ukuyeka ngokuphelele ukubhema, utshwala buyadingeka. Izimfuno zokudla nazo zidla futhi zenziwa ngokomzimba.
Ukudluliselwa kwe-cell stem kuyindawo ethembisayo ekwelashweni kwesifo sikashukela. Iziphetho ezilandelayo zingenziwa:
- Ukwelashwa kweseli-cell kukhombise ukuphumelela kwale ndlela ekwelapheni uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, okunciphisa umthamo we-insulin.
- Umphumela omuhle impela utholakele ekwelashweni kwezinkinga zokujikeleza kwegazi nokulimazeka okubukwayo.
- Uhlobo 2 lwe-mellitus yesifo sikashukela esingathengelwanga i-insulin luphathwa kangcono, ukuxolelwa kutholakala ngokushesha, ngoba amasosha omzimba awabhubhisi amaseli amasha.
- Ngaphandle kokubuyekezwa okuhle nokuchazwe yi-endocrinologists (iningi lakwamanye amazwe) imiphumela yokwelashwa, le ndlela ayikaphenywa ngokuphelele.
Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko izokhuluma kabanzi ngokwelapha isifo sikashukela ngama-stem cell.
