Izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke abazi ukuthi bukhona isifo sikashukela. Ukubona i-pathology, kubalulekile ukwenza izivivinyo ezijwayelekile ngenani loshukela osegazini nokwazi ngokucacile okujwayelekile kwale nkomba.
Esikhathini sikashukela, ushukela ojwayelekile uzokhushulwa uma unikela ngegazi esiswini esingenalutho. Okubaluleke kakhulu futhi nokudla. Kepha inani loshukela alikuvumeli ukuthi unqume ngokunembile uhlobo lokugula.
Ukugcina i-glucose ejwayelekile ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, udinga ukulandela zonke izincomo zikadokotela futhi uvame ukukala amazinga kashukela egazini.
Isimiso se-glucose
Emzimbeni, izinga le-glucose egazini lihlala ligadwe, libanjwa ku-3.9-5.3 mmol / L. Lokhu kujwayelekile kashukela wegazi, kuvumela umuntu ukuthi enze imisebenzi yokuphila efanelekile.
Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zijwayela ukuhlala noshukela ophakeme. Kepha yize kungekho zimpawu ezingemnandi, kubangela izinkinga eziyingozi.
Ukunciphisa ushukela okubizwa nge- hypoglycemia. Ingqondo iyahlupheka lapho i-glucose ingasebenzi egazini. I-Hypoglycemia iboniswa izibonakaliso ezilandelayo:
- ukungaphatheki kahle
- ulaka
- ukushaya kwenhliziyo
- umuzwa wendlala enkulu.
Lapho ushukela ungafiki ku-2.2 mmol / l, khona-ke ukufiphala kwenzeka futhi nokufa kungenzeka.
Umzimba ulawula ushukela, ukhiqiza ama-hormone akhulisa noma anciphise. Ukwanda ushukela kwenzeka ngenxa yama-hormone we-catabolic:
- Adrenaline
- Cortisol
- I-Glucagon nabanye.
I-hormone eyodwa kuphela, i-insulin, kwehlisa ushukela.
Lapho lehlisa inani le-glucose, kukhiqizwa ama-hormone ama-catabolic amaningi, kepha i-insulin engaphansi. Amanani amaningi kashukela enza ukuthi ama-pancreas asebenze ngenkuthalo futhi acashe i-insulin engaphezulu.
Egazini lomuntu, kuvame ukuba nenani elincane le-glucose esikhathini esincane sesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, endodeni enesisindo esingama-75 kg, inani legazi emzimbeni lizoba cishe amalitha amahlanu.
Isheke Likashukela
Ukulinganisa kuyimpoqo esiswini esingenalutho, futhi kwenqatshelwe ukuthatha amanzi. Igazi lingathathwa emunweni noma emthanjeni. Ukuhlaziywa kususelwa ekuqesheni kukadokotela noma ekhaya, kusetshenziswa imishini ebizwa ngokuthi yi-glucometer.
Imitha encane kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Le divayisi inezibuyekezo ezinhle kuphela. Ocwaningweni kubantu abadala nasezinganeni, kudingeka ithonsi elilodwa nje legazi elincane. Idivayisi izokhombisa izinga likashukela esibonisweni ngemuva kwemizuzwana eyi-5-10.
Uma idivaysi yakho ephathekayo ikhombisa ukuthi ushukela wakho wegazi uphezulu kakhulu, kufanele uthathe okunye ukuhlolwa kwegazi kusuka emithanjeni elabhorethri. Le ndlela ibuhlungu kakhulu, kepha inikeza imiphumela enembile kunazo zonke. Ngemuva kokuthola ukuhlolwa, udokotela unquma i-glucose ejwayelekile noma cha. Lokhu kukalwa kuyadingeka ekuqaleni kokuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela. Ukuhlaziywa kufanele kwenziwe ekuseni, esiswini esingenalutho.
Ukuhlola ushukela, kuhlolwa isisu esingenalutho. Kunezizathu eziningi zalokhu, isibonelo:
- ukuchama njalo
- ukoma okuqandayo
- isikhumba esikhanyayo, kwabesifazane kungaba yikhambi ebusheni elinesifo sikashukela.
Uma izimpawu zimpawu zesifo sikashukela, lapho zivela, kubalulekile ukwenza ucwaningo. Uma kungekho ukubonakaliswa, ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngesisekelo sikashukela wegazi eliphezulu, uma ukuhlaziywa kwenziwa kabili ngezinsuku ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kubheka ukuhlolwa kwegazi kokuqala, okwenziwa esiswini esingenalutho nge-glucometer, nokuhlolwa kwegazi kwesibili kusuka emthanjeni.
Abanye abantu baqala ukulandela ukudla ngaphambi kokufunda, okuyinto engadingekile ngokuphelele, ngoba lokhu kuzothinta ukuthembeka kwemiphumela. Ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa, akukunconyelwa ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kokudla okumnandi.
Ukwethembeka kokuhlaziywa kungathinteka ngu:
- ezinye izinhlobo zezifo
- ukwanda kwe-pathologies engapheli,
- ukukhulelwa
- izimo zokucindezela ngemuva.
Odokotela abakukhuthazi ukuhlola i-glucose kwabesifazane nakwabesilisa ngemuva kokuhamba ebusuku. Ngalesi sikhathi, umzimba udinga ukuphumula.
Lolu cwaningo kumele lwenziwe njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kubantu ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukuhlaziya labo bantu abasengozini. Lesi sigaba sifaka abantu abane:
- ngokweqile
- ukukhulelwa
- isimo sofuzo.
Uhlobo lwesifo luquma imvamisa yokulinganisa amazinga kashukela. Uma sikhuluma ngohlobo lokuqala, oluncike ku-insulin-ke ukuhlolwa koshukela kufanele kwenziwe njalo ngaphambi kokufakwa kwe-insulin.
Ngokuwohloka kwenhlala-kahle, ngemuva kwengcindezi, noma ngaphansi kwezinguquko kwisigqi esivamile sempilo, ushukela kufanele ulinganiswe kaningi.
Kulezi zimo, inkomba ingahluka kakhulu.
I-Glucometer Satellite
Kungakhathalekile iminyaka yobudala bomuntu nokuba khona kwezifo, kungcono ukuya njalo ocwaningweni olunquma izinga le-glucose egazini.
Isifo sikashukela sikwenza okungenani kathathu ngosuku, esiswini esingenalutho, nangaphambi kokudla nangemva kokudla nangemva kokuhlwa.
Kubalulekile ukukhetha idivaysi elula nethembekile ekhombisa imiphumela emihle.
Izidingo eziyisisekelo zendlela yokwenza izinto yilezi ezilandelayo:
- ukunemba
- isivinini
- ukuqina.
Zonke lezi zidingo ziyaneliswa imitha yesiphuphutheki yanamuhla, ekhiqizwa yinkampani yakwa-Elta, ithuthukisa ucingo njalo. Uma sibheka izibuyekezo, enye intuthuko ithola ukuthandwa okwengeziwe - i-Satellite Plus.
Izinzuzo eziphambili ze-satellite glucometer yilezi:
- inani elincane lezinto zokuhlaziya,
- Ibonisa umphumela ngemuva kwemizuzwana engama-20,
- inani elikhulu lememori yangaphakathi.
Ukuvalwa okuzenzakalelayo kwensiza akuvumeli amabhethri aqhume uma umuntu ekhohliwe ukuyivula ngesandla. Ikhithi iqukethe imichilo yokuhlola engu-25 namadivayisi wokuhoboza iminwe ayi-25. Umthamo webhethri uhambelana nezilinganiso ezingama-2000. Ngokunemba kwemiphumela, idivayisi ihambelana nokusebenza kokuhlolwa kwelebhu.
Ububanzi bokulinganisa ngu-0.6 - 35.0 mmol / L. Umshini ufundisisa igazi lonke, okwenza ukuthi ukwazi ukubona ngokushesha umphumela othembekile esikrinini futhi ungenzi ezinye izibalo, njengoba kunjalo ngesifundo se-plasma.
I-Satellite Plus ngandlela thile iphansi ngesikhathi kumadivayisi aphesheya, ngoba amaningi awo adinga kuphela imizuzwana engu-8 ukuthola umphumela. Kodwa-ke, isethi yemichilo yokuvivinya ishibhile kaningana.
Le divayisi isebenza njengomsizi ongabizi kodwa onokwethenjelwa kwabanesifo sikashukela.
Izinkomba ezijwayelekile
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi iliphi ushukela wegazi owamukelwa njengejwayelekile. Amanani la ahlukahlukene abantu afakwa kumatafula akhethekile.
Lapho okuqukethwe ushukela kukalwa nge-glucometer elungiselelwe ukukala ushukela we-plasma, umphumela uyoba ngo-12%.
Amazinga kashukela azohluka uma ukudla sekudliwe kakade nasesiswini esingenalutho. Kungashiwo into efanayo nangesikhathi sosuku.
Kunamazinga kashukela wegazi ngokuya ngesikhathi sosuku (mmol / l):
- 2 kuya kuma-4 amahora angaphezu kuka-3.9,
- ngaphambi kokudla kwasekuseni ngo-3.9 - 5.8,
- ngosuku olwandulela ukudla 3.9 - 6.1,
- ngaphambi kwesidlo sakusihlwa 3.9 - 6.1,
- ihora elilodwa ngemuva kokudla ngaphansi kwama-8.9,
- emahoreni amabili ngemuva kokudla ngaphansi kuka-6.7.
Ushukela kusihlwa ngaphambi kokudla kwakusihlwa kufanele ube ngu-3.9 - 6.1 mmol / L.
Lapho ifinyelela iminyaka engama-60, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izinkomba zizokwanda futhi zihlale zisezingeni elifanelekile. Uma idivaysi ikhombisa u-6.1 mmol / L noma ngaphezulu esiswini esingenalutho, khona-ke lokhu kukhombisa isifo. Ushukela wegazi ovela emithanjeni uhlala uphakeme. Izinga elijwayelekile lifinyelela ku-6.1 mmol / L.
Uma ukugxila kwe-glucose kusuka ku-6 kuye ku-7 mmol / l, lokhu kusho amanani womngcele angabonisa ukwephulwa ekusebenzeni kwama-carbohydrate. Ushukela wegazi kusihlwa, okujwayelekile ukuthi kufinyelela ku-6 mmol / l, kufanele kuhlolwe kaninginingi. Isikhombi esingaphezu kuka-7.0 mmol / l sibonisa ukuba khona kwesifo sikashukela.
Lapho ushukela uphakeme kancane kunokujwayelekile, kungaphikiswa ukuthi kunesimo se-prediabetes, kubalulekile ukwenza ucwaningo olwengeziwe.
Isifo sikashukela
Cishe i-90% yamacala ayi-2 isifo sikashukela. Lokhu kugula kuqala kancane kancane, umanduleli wawo wangaphambi kwesifo sikashukela. Uma kungekho zinyathelo eziphuthumayo zokwelapha, lesi sifo sizokhula ngokushesha.
Lesi simo singalawulwa ngaphandle komjovo we-insulin. Ukuvivinya noma ukuvivinya umzimba akuvunyelwe.
Umuntu kufanele abe nedayari ekhethekile yokuzithiba, okufanele futhi ifake izinga likashukela wegazi nsuku zonke. Uma unamathela ekudleni okwelaphayo, khona-ke ushukela uzobuyela kancane kokujwayelekile.
Ungakhuluma nge-prediabetes uma kukhona:
- ushukela wokuzila osendleleni ka-5.5-7.0 mmol / l,
- i-glycated hemoglobin engu-5.7-6.4%,
- ushukela amahora amabili ngemuva kokudla u-7.8-11.0 mmol / L.
Isifo sikashukela ukwehluleka okukhulu kakhulu kwe-metabolic. Isinye sezinkomba ezibalwe ngenhla sanele ukwenza ukuxilongwa okunjalo.
Izindlela zokubakhona kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2:
- ushukela wokuzila ungaphezulu kuka-7.0 mmol / l ngokusho kwemiphumela yokuhlaziywa okubili ngezinsuku ezahlukahlukene zilandelana,
- i-glycated hemoglobin engu-6.5% noma ngaphezulu,
- lapho wenza isivivinyo sokubekezelela ushukela, inkomba yaso yayisuka ku-11.1 mmol / l nangaphezulu.
Enye yezindlela ezanele ukwenza ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu yilezi:
- ukuchama njalo
- ukukhathala
- ukoma okungapheli.
Kungahle futhi kube nokuncipha kwesisindo okungenangqondo. Abantu abaningi abaziboni izimpawu ezivelayo, ngakho-ke imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi ngamazinga kashukela iba isimanga esingathandeki kubo.
Ushukela esiswini esingenalutho ungahlala ube sezingeni elifanele iminyaka embalwa yokuqala, kuze kube yilapho lesi sifo siqala ukuthinta umzimba kakhulu. Ukuhlaziywa kungenzeka kungakhombisi amanani angajwayelekile we-glucose. Kufanele usebenzise isivivinyo se-hemoglobin se-glycated noma uvivinye ushukela wegazi ngemuva kokudla.
Uhlobo 2 sikashukela luboniswa ngu:
- ushukela esiswini esingenalutho u-5.5-7.0 noma ngaphezulu,
- ushukela ngemuva kwamahora 1 no-2 ngemuva kokudla, mmol / l 7.8-11.0 ngaphezulu ngo-11.0,
- i-glycated hemoglobin,% 5.7-6.4 ngaphezulu kwe-6.4.
Imvamisa, thayipha isifo sikashukela sesibili kanye nesimo sangaphambi kwesifo sikashukela kwenzeka uma umuntu ekhuluphele futhi enomfutho wegazi ongjwayelekile (kusuka ku-140/90 mmHg).
Izeluleko ezibalulekile
Uma ungenzi ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kashukela omningi, khona-ke izinkinga ezingamahlalakhona noma ezinzima kakhulu zizovela. Lezi zokugcina yi-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela ne-hyperglycemic coma.
Ushukela wegazi ongalapheki ulimaza izindonga zemithambo yegazi. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, baba namandla futhi aqine kakhulu, alahlekelwe ukuqina kwawo. I-calcium ifakwa ezindongeni, izikebhe ziqala ukufana namapayipi amanzi amadala. Ngakho-ke, i-angiopathy iyenzeka, okungukuthi, ukulimala kwemithambo. Lokhu kuthathwa njengengxaki enkulu yesifo sikashukela.
Izinkinga ezinkulu yilezi:
- ukwehluleka kwezinso
- kunciphe umbono
- ukuqothulwa kwezingalo
- izifo zenhliziyo nezemithambo.
Lapho ushukela wegazi omningi, kuba nzima kakhulu ukubhekana nezinkinga.
Ukunciphisa ukulimala kwesifo, kufanele uhambisane nezincomo ezinjalo:
- qeda ukudla isikhathi eside sokutholwa,
- buyisela isinkwa esivamile ngezinhlamvu ezigcwele ngensimbi eningi,
- qala ngokudla imifino nezithelo ezintsha ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kunama-fiber amaningi, amavithamini, ama-antioxidants namaminerali ekudleni,
- kudla inani elikhulu lamaprotheni anelisa indlala futhi avimbele ukudla ngokweqile kushukela,
- yehlisa inani lamafutha agcweleyo anomthelela ekuzuzeni isisindo. Esikhundleni samafutha angenasisekelo, asiza ukwehlisa inkomba ye-glycemic yezitsha,
- faka ekudleni kokudla nokunambitheka kwe-asidi okungavumeli ukukhuphuka okubukhali kwe-glucose yegazi ngemuva kokudla.
Lapho uhlola amazinga kashukela wegazi, kubalulekile ukugxila hhayi kuphela ezinkombeni ezijwayelekile, kepha futhi nasemizweni etholwayo. Akudingeki nje kuphela ukulandela izincomo zokwelashwa, kodwa futhi nokulungisa ngokuphelele indlela yokuphila.
Kwividiyo ekulesi sihloko, udokotela uzokhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi angayisebenzisa kanjani imitha yokuzilinganisa noshukela wegazi.
