Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus yiqembu lezifo ezibangelwa yizinto ezahlukahlukene, ezihlanganiswa yi-syndrome ye-hyperglycemia engapheli (ushukela wegazi owengeziwe) ne-glucosuria (ukubukeka kweshukela emchameni).
Esikhathini sikashukela, ukuntuleka kwe-insulin kuqala - ngokuphelele (uhlobo 1 sikashukela) noma isihlobo, lapho i-insulin ikhiqizwa ngamanani anele, kepha izicubu azizwakali (uphawu lolohlobo 2 sikashukela).
Izindlela zokuvimbela lezi zinketho zikashukela zizohluka.
Izimbangela kanye nezimpawu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2
Ngokwezibalo, uhlobo lwesibili luthatha ama-95% awo wonke amacala esifo sikashukela atholakele. Ukuvimbela isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kuhlobene ngqo nezimbangela zalesi sifo. Kuze kube manje, kuhlonziwe izici ezilandelayo:
- Ukhuluphele.
- Isisulu sokuqothuka.
- Ukuntuleka kokuzivocavoca.
- Izinqubo zokuvuvukala noma zamathumbu kumanyikwe.
- Ukuxineka
- Iminyaka ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40.
- Isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi
- I-Polycystic ovary syndrome.
- Ukunyuka kwamazinga kashukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ukuzalwa kwengane enkulu enesisindo esingaphezu kwama-4 kg.
Kulabo abasengozini yokuba nenhlala-kahle, kuyadingeka ukuthi bahlolwe njalo ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha nge-endocrinologist, isifundo se-carbohydrate metabolism: ushukela we-glucose osheshayo, ukuhlolwa kwe-glucose ukubekezelela, izinga le-hemoglobin ye-glycated.
Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngezimpawu ezingakhombisa isifo sikashukela.
Lokhu kufaka izimpawu zokubonisa lezi zinhlobo zombili zesifo sikashukela:
- Umile njalo.
- Umlomo owomile.
- Ukwanda kwesifiso sokudla.
- Ukuchama kaningi.
- Ubuthakathaka obungapheliyo, ukukhathala.
- Ubuhlungu bekhanda.
- Ukulimazeka kokubonakalayo.
- Ukudonsa, ukubamba izingalo noma imilenze.
- Imilenze emincane.
- Ukulunywa ku-perineum ne-groin.
- Izinduna nokuthambekela kwezifo zokukhunta.
- Kukhulisa umjuluko.
Uma kuvela uphawu olulodwa noma ngaphezulu kulolu hlu, khona-ke ukuhlolwa okujulile kuyadingeka, kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwe-immunological kanye nokuzimisela kokuphazamiseka kwe-carbohydrate metabolism: isifundo C - iprotheni esebenzayo, ukuba khona kwama-antibodies kumaseli we-pancreatic.
Ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwe-biochemical kwegazi, umchamo, kanye nokuhlolwa kokubekezelela kwe-glucose kanye nokuzimisela kwe-glycated hemoglobin kuyadingeka.
Ukuvimbela isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2
Njengoba ukukhuluphala kuyimbangela ejwayelekile yesifo sikashukela, ukunciphisa isisindo kuzoba yinto eza kuqala ukuvikela lesi sifo. Kuyafakazelwa ukuthi ushintsho ekudleni lunikeza umphumela obonakalayo wokunciphisa umzimba kunokukhuphuka okulula komsebenzi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona izifundo ukuthi umzimba ukhathalela ukuthi aqhamukaphi amakhalori. Uma nsuku zonke udlula umthamo kashukela ngo-50 g (ibhodlela lehafu yelitha), ubungozi besifo sikashukela bukhuphuka ngezikhathi eziyi-11.
Ngakho-ke, into enhle kakhulu umuntu kunoma yiliphi iqembu eliyingozi angayenzela impilo yakhe ukulahla ngokuphelele ushukela ocwengekile nayo yonke imikhiqizo engena kuyo.
Esikhundleni sikashukela, kuphephe ukusebenzisa i-fructose ne-stevia utshani, okuthi, ngaphezu kokunambitheka kwayo okumnandi, kube nomphumela olawulayo ku-carbohydrate metabolism.
Ukudla Ukuvimbela Isifo Sikashukela
Kuhlobo 2 sikashukela i-mellitus, ukuvimbela nokwelashwa kuncike ekudleni okwakheke kahle, nokudla kwe-Pevzner No. 9 kuchaziwe. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ukulungisa ukulungisa ukudla ezigulini ezisengozini.
Kepha uma ukubalwa okunembile kwesibalo sama-carbohydrate yedosi lemithi kubalulekile ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela, khona-ke ngesisindo somzimba esithe xaxa kanye nokubekwa phambili kokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic, kuzokwanela ukuhambisana nemikhawulo yemikhiqizo enqatshelwe. Kusuka ekudleni kumele kungafakwa:
- Isinkwa esimhlophe esivela kufulawa we-premium, imikhiqizo yesinkwa evela ku-puff noma khekhe.
- Ushukela, amaswidi, amakhekhe, namakhekhe, amakhukhi, ama-waffles.
- Ukudla okulula nokudla, izigaxa nezinongo.
- Iziphuzo zotshwala.
- I-Semolina, ilayisi, i-pasta.
- Amasoso abilayo, ama-ketchups, lwesinaphi, imayonesi.
- Omisiwe, amagilebhisi, amakhiwane, izinsuku.
- Zonke iziphuzo ezifakiwe neziphuzo ze-carbonated noshukela
- Inyama enamafutha, i-lard, inyama ebhemayo, amasoseji, idada, ukudla okusemathinini.
- Ukudla okusheshayo
- Imifino ethosiwe, imifino ekheniwe.
- Izithelo ezihlanganisiwe - izinhlaka, amakhompiyutha, ujamu.
- Izinhlanzi ezinamafutha, ezibhemayo nezenziwe emathinini.
- I-Cream, ukhilimu omuncu omuncu, ibhotela, ukhilimu ophuzi, ama-yogurts, ama-dessert e-curd.
- Khawulela ukusetshenziswa kwamazambane, ubhanana.
Kufanele kube namaprotheni anele ekudleni - izinhlobo ezinamafutha aphansi enyama nezinhlanzi abilisiwe, athelwe ngamanzi, kwifomu elibhakwe. Kuvunyelwe ukupheka kusuka kwinkukhu, ikhukhamba, unogwaja, inyama yenkomo ne-veal. Izinhlanzi kufanele zibe namafutha aphansi - i-pike perch, ikati lezinhlanzi, ukhokho, ibhotela. Kungcono ukudla inyama nenhlanzi ngamasaladi avela emifino emisha.
Ushizi wasekhishini unconywa kuze kufinyelele kuma-9% wamafutha, iziphuzo zobisi olunosawoti zingcono kunakwenziwe ekhaya. Ushizi uvunyelwe izinhlobo ezinamafutha amancane, ezithambile noma ezilukhuni.
Ama-carbohydrate kufanele aqhamuke okusanhlamvu, izithelo nemifino, isinkwa se-bran noma esimnyama. Izinhlamvu zingasetshenziselwa ukupheka okusanhlamvu kanye ne-casseroles - i-buckwheat, ibhali, i-oatmeal. Ngokuvamile, izitsha eziseceleni zabanesifo sikashukela zivame kakhulu.
Amafutha ikakhulukazi aqhamuka ezitshalweni. Umthamo wefluid: kungabi ngaphansi kwamalitha ayi-1.5 wamanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile, izitsha zokuqala zasemini kumele zibe kwimenyu. Izilobho zemifino noma yesibili yomhluzi ziyalungiswa.
Ama-sweeteners angafakwa kwiziphuzo; kugcotshwa ama-mousses, ama-jams, nama-compotes. I-Fectionose confectionery ingadliwa ngamanani amancane. Ngoba kubantu abakhuluphele lokhu ngeke kusize ukwehlisa umthamo wekhalori.
Lapho ulungiselela izimpahla ezibhakiwe nososo, kungakuhle ukuthi usebenzise ufulawa wokusanhlamvu kuphela. Kumabele udinga futhi ukungathathi okusanhlamvu, kepha okusanhlamvu. Kubalulekile ukuqapha ukusebenza kwamathumbu njalo, futhi, ngokuthambekela kokuqunjelwa, engeza ama-oats enziwe noma i-bran yengilazi kumapharaji neziphuzo zobisi ezivuthiwe.
Imenyu eyisibonelo yokuvikela ushukela nokukhuluphala
- Ukudla kwasekuseni kokuqala: i-oatmeal obisini ngama-prunes, ama-apula nesinamoni, compote nge-blueberries.
- Ungadla: ikhekhe ushizi casserole nge yoghurt.
- Isidlo sasemini: isobho semifino nge-broccoli, ubhontshisi abasha obuluhlaza kanye izaqathi, iklabishi nesaladi likhukhamba, iturkey ebilisiwe, iphalishi le-buckwheat.
- Isinaphi: isinkwa nge-bran, ushizi wama-45% amafutha, i-chicory.
- Ukudla kwakusihlwa: inhlanzi ebhakwe ushizi kanye namakhambi, isaladi yepelepele, utamatisi kanye noshizi we-feta, itiye eliluhlaza nama-apricots omisiwe.
- Ngaphambi kokulala: kefir.
Amakhambi okwehlisa ushukela angasetshenziswa ukuvikela isifo sikashukela. Ngokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, bathuthukisa izinqubo ze-metabolic, basiza ukunciphisa isisindo futhi babuyisele ukuzwela kwe-insulin, ikakhulukazi ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo.
Lungiselela imidwebo kanye nama-decoctions we:
- I-Garcinia.
- Amajikijolo eRowan.
- Izithelo ze-Blueberry.
- Impande yeBurdock.
- Izimpande ze-Elecampane.
- Iqabunga le-Walnut.
- IGinseng Root.
- Izithelo ze-Blueberry.
- Amajikijolo sitrobheli wasendle.
- Amabhodwe Obhontshisi.
Ukuzivocavoca umzimba ekuvimbeleni isifo sikashukela
Ukuvimbela ukukhuluphala, i-normalization yezinqubo ze-metabolic, imisebenzi eyenziwe ngomzimba iyadingeka.
Ubungako bokuvimbela isifo sikashukela buchaziwe - lokhu kuyinto imizuzu eyi-150 ngeviki. Kungaba noma yimuphi umthwalo ongenzeka - ukuhamba, ukubhukuda, ukudansa, i-yoga, ezokuzivocavoca impilo, ukuhamba ngamabhayisekili.
Kodwa-ke, udinga ukwazi ukuthi ukusebenza komzimba kuthinta kanjani ushukela wegazi.
Ngokuzivocavoca umzimba njalo, izinguquko ezilandelayo zenzeka:
- I-carbohydrate metabolism ithuthukiswa ngokwandisa ukuzwela kwe-insulin.
- Yehlisa i-cholesterol yegazi.
- Ingcindezi yegazi yenziwejwayelekile.
- Isisindo somzimba esandisiwe siyancishiswa.
- Ukusebenza kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi kwenziwa njengokujwayelekile.
- Ingozi ye-osteoporosis iyancishiswa.
- Ukuthuthukisa inkumbulo nemizwa.
I-drug prophylaxis yohlobo 2 sikashukela
Ku-metabolic syndrome, ukukhuluphala kuvezwa ikakhulukazi esiswini, kunezimpawu zokuzwa kokulimala kwe-insulin ngokusho kokuhlaziywa, ushukela usemkhawulweni ophezulu wejwayelekile, kunokuningi kwe-insulin egazini. Lezi ziguli zinobunzima bokubona ukudla ngenxa yokudla okuvusa amadlingozi.
Kulesi sigaba seziguli, izidakamizwa zinqunyelwe:
- I-Ascarbose (Glucobai), evimbela ukugxuma ekudleni okusheshayo koshukela egazini. Ushukela ovela emathunjini awugcotshwa, kepha ukhishwa emzimbeni. Lapho uthatha lesi sidakamizwa, amazinga kashukela wehla, isisindo somzimba siyabonakala, futhi nengozi yokuba nesifo sikashukela kuyancipha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-carbohydrate ekudleni, ukuqhakaza nobuhlungu besisu kuqala ukuphazamiseka, okwenza iziguli zilandele indlela yokudla.
- I-Xenical inethonya elifanayo emafutheni. Amafutha awanaso isikhathi sokufakwa emathunjini futhi ayakhishwa. Lokhu kusiza ukwehlisa isisindo ngokweqile.
- I-Metformin, ethi lapho ibakhona i-prediabetes inamandla okubuyisa umzimba we-carbohydrate metabolism.
Thayipha isifo sikashukela esingu-1 kubantu abadala
Indlela okwenzeka ngayo isifo sikashukela exhaswe yi-insulin ihluke ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, ukudla kanye nokusebenza komzimba akwanele. Isisekelo sentuthuko yalesi sifo ukukhiqizwa kwama-antibodies kumaseli we-pancreatic. Umfutho walokhu ukuqagela kofuzo nokutheleleka.
Izifo ezingamagciwane ezingadala isifo sikashukela zifaka:
- I-rubella yokuzalwa.
- Izimpumputhe.
- Isifo sokusha kwesibindi.
Ukuqeda ukuvuvukala kwe-autoimmune kweziqhingi zamaLangerhans ku-pancreas (insulin), umuthi wokucindezela ukungatheleleki - i-cyclosporine iyasetshenziswa. Ngokuselashwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, lesi sidakamizwa sinciphisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela futhi singabambezela ukuvela kwaso isikhathi eside.
Imiphumela emihle kakhulu yatholakala ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo.
Ukuvimbela isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 ezinganeni
Njengoba ukubonakaliswa kwesifo sikashukela kuvame ukwenzeka ezinganeni, emindenini enabazali abanesifo sikashukela, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuhlolwa ngomthwalo weglucose, ukuhlolwa kwama-antibodies kuma-pancreas. Izifo ezithathelwanayo ziyingozi ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezinjalo.
Uma kutholwa amasosha omzimba, inkambo yokulungisa iyenziwa, ekwelapheni asetshenziswa nakanjani:
- Ama-immunostimulants.
- I-Interferon
- Insulin
- I-Nikotinamide.
Iqembu lesibili lezingane ezisengozini yesifo sikashukela yilabo abanceliswe amabele kusukela bezalwa. Amaprotheni avela obisini lwenkomo afana namaprotheni amaseli we-pancreatic. Amangqamuzana amasosha omzimba aqaphela amanyikwe lawo njengawangaphandle futhi awachitha. Ngakho-ke, ezinganeni ezinjalo ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila kuboniswa ubisi lwebele kuphela. Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko izoqhubeka nesihloko sokuvimbela isifo sikashukela.
