Umuthi wanamuhla ufunda njalo nje hhayi izimbangela, kepha nemiphumela yesifo sikashukela.
Uma beshiywe bengalashwa, bangaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu kakhulu nokufa.
Kungakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lesi sifo ngesikhathi bese uqala ukusilapha. I-athikili yethu imayelana nezimpawu nemiphumela yesifo sikashukela emadodeni.
I-Etiology kanye ne-epidemiology
Namuhla, bangaphezu kwezigidi ezingamakhulu amane abantu abahlaselwe yilesi sifo, futhi abaningi abazi nokuthi amazinga abo kashukela egazi angaphezulu kwemingcele eyamukelekayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ephakathi kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu nanhlanu, isifo sikashukela emadodeni sibhekwa ngama-47%. Ngemuva kweminyaka engamashumi amahlanu, abesifazane bavame ukugula kakhulu (58%). Kubaluleke kakhulu ekwakheni lesi sifo isisindo esindayo nokungondleki.
Unyaka nonyaka kufa abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezine ngenxa yemiphumela yalesi sifo. Isici esiyinhloko wukulimala kwemithambo yegazi nezinzwa ezingekho ngamehlo esezandleni, emaphethelweni aphansi nezinso. Isifo sikashukela singathembela i-insulin noma singathembeli ku-insulin. Imiphumela emibi kuleli cala incike ebukhali balesi sifo, ngezinga lokubonakaliswa kwezimpawu zaso.
Thayipha isifo sikashukela esingu-1 (sincike kwe-insulin) emadodeni
Uhlobo 1 lwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus (ulutsha, i.e. intsha) ukugula okunamandla kakhulu okuhambisana nokuntuleka ngokuphelele kwe-insulin. Lokhu kunomthelela ekuthuthukiseni izimo ezisongela impilo: i-acidosis, ketosis, isifo sikashukela nokufa. Le ndlela yalesi sifo ibonwa kuphela ezi-5% zeziguli.
Kwezokwelapha, kukholelwa ukuthi isici esiyinhloko ekwakhekeni kwesifo sikashukela isakhi sofuzo, okungukuthi ifa lobaba. Futhi, izimbangela zesifo sikashukela kubafana nakubantu abasha zivame ukuncika kulezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- ukutheleleka ngegciwane;
- ukukhula okusheshayo kwengane;
- ukwenzeka okungatheni kwezifo ebuntwaneni;
- ukuxhumana nabantu okungaphansi kweminyaka yobudala emihlanu.
Konke lokhu kunomthelela ekuphazamisweni ekwakhekeni kwamasosha omzimba womuntu, futhi ngokuhlangana kwesakhi sofuzo kukhulisa ubungozi bokuba nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1.
Izithombe zemitholampilo
Izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela emadodeni ngemuva kweminyaka engama-30 zibonakaliswa eminyakeni yokuqala yokukhula kwalesi sifo. Ekuqaleni, banesidingo esincane se-insulin, lapho umuntu engaphila ngaphandle kwemijovo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izimpawu zesifo ziyaqina, kunesidingo se-insulin. Ukuqala kwesifo ngesineke emadodeni ngemuva kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu kubangelwa inkambo ehamba kancane yokulimala kwe-autoimmune. Ezinganeni, zonke lezi zinqubo ziqala ngokushesha.
Ukuvikela ukwenzeka kwemiphumela emibi engaba yingozi empilweni, kuyanconywa ukuthi unake izimpawu zesifo sikashukela emadodeni ngemuva kweminyaka engama-30. Lezi zimpawu zihlanganisa:
- ukoma okungapheli nomlomo owomile;
- ukulunywa kwesikhumba;
- ukwanda kokuvama kokuchama;
- kwehlise ukungatheleleki, ukukhathala okwandayo;
- ukukhuphuka okubukhali noma ukwehla kwesisindo;
- ukutheleleka kwesikhumba nokwelashwa isikhathi eside kwenxeba;
- ukuba khona kwephunga le-acetone kumchamo nomoya ophelile;
- ukulahlekelwa izinwele
- ukwanda komfutho wegazi.
Bangaphezu kwama-30% ubulili obunamandla abazofunda ngokuba khona kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 lapho, ngaphezu kwazo zonke izimpawu ezingenhla, kuvela izinguquko ohlelweni lwenhliziyo.
Imiphumela yohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 emadodeni
Uma unganaki izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela emadodeni, ungenzi ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi kwalesi sifo, khona-ke lokhu kuzoholela ekungasebenzi kahle kwezinso. Ama-36% eziguli athuthukisa i-nephropathy, engadala ukufa. Futhi, kubamele ubulili obunamandla, kukhona ukwephulwa kokugeleza kwegazi, i-pathology yamaseli ezinzwa ebangela ukuncipha kokuzwela kanye nokwenza buthaka kokugeleza kwegazi ezindaweni eziphansi. Lokhu kuvame ukuholela ekulimaleni komlenze, ukwakheka kwezilonda ezindexekile kanye nokuqunjelwa imilenze.
Njengoba umsebenzi wohlelo lwezinzwa uphazamiseka, lokhu kuholela ekugayweni okucasulayo, ukubukeka kwesifo sohudo, ukugabha kanye nomcanucanu. Ezimweni ezivamisile, ngenxa yesifo sikashukela kubantu besilisa, kukhona ukwephulwa komsebenzi wobulili, lapho kunokwehla kokukhula, ukuthuthukiswa kokungabi namandla.
Kuyingozi kakhulu izinkinga ezinzima. Ngakho-ke, indoda ingakha i-ketoacidosis esikhathini esifushane, ngoba imikhiqizo ye-metabolic iqoqana emzimbeni ogulayo, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwengqondo, umsebenzi okhubazekile wezitho ezahlukahlukene kanye nezinhlelo zomzimba. Futhi, kuvame ukuncipha okuphelele koshukela wegazi (hypoglycemia), umuntu angawela enkingeni, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kungabulala.
Thayipha isifo sikashukela sesi-2 (esingeyona insulin) emadodeni
Uhlobo 2 sikashukela i-mellitus ingukuphazamiseka kwemizwa lapho ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kunciphisa noma ukuzwela esenzweni sayo kuya kuba kubi. Le ndlela yalesi sifo ibonwa kuma-95-98% eziguli ezinesifo sikashukela. Imvamisa lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela luvame kakhulu kubantu besilisa ngemuva kweminyaka engama-50.
Odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi kunezici ezimbalwa ezibamba iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo:
- isakhi sofuzo;
- ukukhula kwengqondo kwesibeletho;
- ubudala
- ukuncishiswa komzimba;
- ukondleka ngokweqile kanye nokukhuluphala.
Ezindodeni, ngemuva kweminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha nanhlanu, isifo sikashukela sibhekwa ku-20%, ngemuva kweminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa nanhlanu, le nkomba ikhula ngokushesha.
Izithombe zemitholampilo
Imvamisa, uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela emadodeni kutholakala ngengozi. Lokhu kwenzeka ikakhulukazi lapho izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela emadodeni ngemuva kweminyaka engama-50 zibonakaliswa ukuwohloka okuncane enhlalakahleni, okuvuselela ubulili obunamandla ukubonana nodokotela. Lezi zimpawu zihlanganisa:
- ukoma okungapheli nomlomo owomile;
- ukomiswa nokulunywa kwesikhumba;
- ukuchama njalo
- ukukhathala okungapheli nobuthakathaka.
Ngesikhathi sokuqala kwesifo, umuntu angathola ukwehla okungazenzisi kushukela wegazi (hypoglycemia). Ngalesi sikhathi, kuboniswa izimpawu ezilandelayo zesifo sikashukela emadodeni emva kweminyaka engama-50:
- umuzwa wendlala enkulu;
- ukukhuphuka kwenhliziyo;
- ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi;
- eqhaqhazela izandla nokujuluka.
Imiphumela yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kubantu abesilisa
Amanye amadoda angazishaya indiva zonke lezi zimpawu zesifo bese ephendukela kodokotela uma kunezinkinga. Enye yezinkinga zokuqala ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile, lapho i-potency ihlangabezana khona. Ngakho-ke, emadodeni, lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo zesifo sikashukela zingabonakala:
- ukuntuleka komzimba;
- kwehliswe i-sex drive;
- ukungazali
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2 futhi siholela ekulahlekelweni kwamazinyo nezinwele, i-anemia kanye ne-thrombocytopenia, i-arteriosulinosis, i-nephropathy, izifo zesifo sezinzwa ezinama-genitourinary and autonomic nerves, imbonation visual, the development of ischemic stroke, heart attack, njll. Amadoda angakhalaza ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi, isifo sohudo noma ukuqunjelwa, ukungakwazi ukumelana nomsebenzi womzimba, njll.
Ngemuva kweminyaka engamashumi amahlanu, isifo sikashukela kungaholela ekukholekeni kwe-lactocidotic, ebonakala ngokugcwala kwenhliziyo, i-retinopathy, okuzibonakalisa emgudwini esikhwameni nasekulahlekelweni kombono, kanye nokwakheka konyawo lwesifo sikashukela, lapho kuvela khona imifantu nezilonda emilenzeni.
Isifo sikashukela esifihlekile (esedlule) emadodeni
Amadoda anendlela ekhethekile yalesi sifo - i-mentitus yamuva yesifo sikashukela, eyenzeka ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezisobala, enomthelela ebunzimeni ekwenzeni isifo Isifo sikashukela se-latent sikhonjiswa kanjani uma umuntu ezizwa kahle? Imvamisa, ukugula kutholakala esiteji lapho owesilisa enesifo senhliziyo. Uma le-pathology ingaphathwa, uhlelo lwezinzwa luyaphazamiseka, ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo, kanye nokulahleka kombono kungenzeka. Odokotela batusa ngokuqinile ukuxhumana nesikhungo sezokwelapha uma umuntu eye wazibona lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
- ukuba khona kwe-furunculosis kanye nokuqunjelwa esikhunjeni;
- ukwenzeka kwezinkinga ngamazinyo nezinsini;
- ukungasebenzi ngocansi;
- ukuncipha kokuzwela kwezitho;
- umuzwa ongapheli wokoma;
- ukwanda kwesifiso sokudla.
Izindlela zokuvimbela
Labo abathambekele kofuzo ekukhuleni isifo sikashukela kudingeka bazi ukuthi bangazama kanjani ukugwema kuso. Odokotela batusa ukuqala ukuvimbela isifo sikashukela kusenesikhathi. Indoda endala iyakwazi ukubona ukuthi idla kanjani.
Okokuqala, umuntu kufanele alondoloze ibhalansi yamanzi emzimbeni wakhe. Kunconywa ukuphuza izingilazi ezimbili zamanzi ahlanzekile asamhlanjensi ekuseni nangaphambi kwesidlo ngasinye. Kuyadingeka futhi ukunamathela ekudleni kwemifino, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo kafulawa namazambane. Amadoda akhuluphele kakhulu akufanele adle ngemuva kwehora lesithupha kusihlwa. Bayalulekwa ukuthi bangabandakanyi ukudla okunamafutha, ubisi nemikhiqizo kafulawa ekudleni. Labo abasengozini kufanele bafake ama-walnuts, amakhambi notamatisi, ubhontshisi nezithelo zikawolintshi ekudleni kwabo kwansuku zonke.
Indlela yokuvimbela isifo sikashukela kungukusebenza komzimba. Zonke izinsuku udinga ukwenza noma yimuphi umdlalo imizuzu engamashumi amabili. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kungagcinwa kusetshenziswa izivivinyo ezilandelayo:
- ukuhamba ngezinyawo;
- ukuhamba kusihlwa;
- imidlalo esebenzayo nezingane noma abazukulu;
- ukusetshenziswa kwezithuthi zomphakathi.
Ukunciphisa amathuba okuvela kokugula ushukela, odokotela batusa ukuthi bangangeni ezimweni ezicindezelayo, ukugwema ukucindezela okungokomzwelo. Udinga futhi ukuqeda utshwala nokuhlukumeza i-nicotine, ukuhola impilo efanele. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi imishanguzo, amagciwane kanye nokutheleleka kungaba nomthelela ekuqaleni kwesifo sikashukela ebulilini obunamandla.
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus sivame kakhulu. Thayipha isifo sikashukela sokuqala sithinta kakhulu abesilisa ngemuva kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu, bese uthayipha isifo sikashukela esi-2 - ngemuva kweminyaka engamashumi amahlanu. Kepha kufanele wazi ukuthi lesi sifo akusona isigwebo sokufa, kepha kungukuxilonga ongaphila ngaso. Kubalulekile kuphela ukulandela yonke imiyalelo nezincomo zikadokotela. Zonke izingqinamba zesifo zingagwenywa ngokubheka impilo nempilo yakho. Namuhla, kunemithi eminingi esiza ushukela wegazi ophansi. Ngokuzidla njalo, imiphumela emibi yesifo sikashukela ingagwenywa esikhathini esizayo.