Abantu abanesifo sikashukela bangaba nenkinga eyingozi njenge-ketoacidosis. Kubangelwa ukwephulwa kwe-carbohydrate metabolism okubangelwa ukushoda kwe-insulin emzimbeni. Ukuthuthuka kwenqubo kwenzeka lapho i-glucose ingasasetshenziswa ngabantu njengomthombo wamandla. Esikhundleni salokho, amafutha aya emsebenzini ngokusho kwendlela yokunciphisela, okubangela ukwanda kwenani lemizimba ye-ketone (noma i-acetone) - imikhiqizo ephakathi nendawo ye-metabolic. Zenziwe ngesibindi, futhi kumuntu ophilile ukugxiliswa kwazo akunakwa. Ukweqiwa kwemizimba enjalo kukhombisa ukwephulwa kwe-carbohydrate kanye ne-fat metabolism, okuholela ekwandeni kwe-acidity yegazi kanye nokwehla komsebenzi wezinso.
Isifo sikashukela sikashukela
Iyini ingozi ye-ketoacidosis?
Ukushintshwa kwe-acidity acid, okwenzeka ngenxa yokwephulwa kwe-carbohydrate metabolism, kungashayela umuntu enkingeni. Futhi ngenxa yalokho - ekufeni. Nge-ketoacidosis, izinguquko ezilandelayo zenzeka:
- Ukwanda ushukela wegazi;
- Ukwanda kokuhlushwa kwemizimba ye-ketone;
- Shintsha esele ibhalansi-acid.
Ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, lesi simo sitholakala ku-20% wawo wonke amacala, kuhlobo 2 - ku-7%. Ukufa okuvela kule nkinga kungama-7-19%. Ukuvimbela lokhu, abanesifo sikashukela sanoma iyiphi yalezi zinhlobo ezimbili kufanele bakwazi ukukala ushukela wegazi nge-glucometer, bafundele ukuthi bangazenzela kanjani imijovo engenamhlungu ye-insulin, bese bebala kahle inani lamahashi akhishwe. Ngemuva kwalokho izinkomba ezingenhla zingancishiswa kakhulu.
Izizathu eziyinhloko zokubonakala
Kuhlobo 1 no-2 sikashukela, i-ketoacidosis iba nokukhubazeka kwe-insulin egazini. Lokhu kuphambuka kokujwayelekile kungahle kube okuhlobene noma okuphelele. Ngemuva kwalokho okokuqala sikhuluma ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, kuthi kwesesibili - thayipha isifo sikashukela sokuqala. Kunezici eziningana eziba nomthelela ekwakhiweni kwezinkinga:
- Ukulimala;
- Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa;
- Ukwemukelwa kwezidakamizwa ezihlobene "nabaphikisi" be-insulin (ama-hormone ocansi, ama-diuretics);
- Ukwemukelwa kwezidakamizwa ezonciphisa ukuthikamezeka kwezicubu ze-insulin;
- Ukukhulelwa
- Ukuhlinzwa kwe-pancreatic;
- Ukuntuleka kwe-insulin eluhlobo 2 sikashukela.
Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, kungaphethwa ngokuthi ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile kwesiguli kuholela ku-ketoacidosis. Angase weqe i-insulin noma anganiki imijovo nhlobo, futhi angahle aphule nemiyalelo yezokwelashwa. Kwesinye isikhathi isidingo sokukhulisa umthamo we-insulin sibangelwa ukukhula kwesifo esithathelwanayo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kakhulu kwama-carbohydrate.
Ukuxakaniseka kungenzeka ngokufakwa kwehomoni ephelelwe yisikhathi noma egcinwe ngokungahambisani nemibandela edingekayo. Isici esinomthelela futhi yikhono lokuzijova wena kanye nempilo yamathuluzi asetshenziselwe lokhu. Akuvamile, amaphutha ezokwelapha nawo angaholela ku-ketoacidosis.
Izimpawu ze-Ketoacidosis
Izimpawu eziwuphawu lwalesi simo zizokusiza uqonde ukuthi udinga ukwelashwa. Akhula ngokushesha. Eyokuqala ukubonakaliswa okuhambisana nokwanda kokuhlungwa kwe-glucose egazini:
- Umuzwa njalo wokoma;
- Isikhumba esomile nolwelwesi lwe-mucous;
- Ukuchama kaningi;
- Ukwehla kwesisindo;
- Ubuthakathaka obujwayelekile emzimbeni.
Okulandelayo, ukubonakala kwezimpawu zemizimba ye-ketone eyeqile kuyaphawulwa. Isiguli sixoshwa isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, iphunga le-acetone liyezwakala liphuma emlonyeni. Ukuphefumula kuba ngomsindo futhi kujule, isigqi saso esivamile siyaphambuka. Ngemuva kwalokhu, umphumela usuvele usehlelweni lwangaphakathi lwezinzwa. Lokhu kubonakala ngesimo sekhanda, ukwanda kokukhathazeka, ukungabekezeleleki nokusabela okungavinjelwe kulokho okwenzeka nxazonke.
Ukuxilonga
Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezidumbu ze-ketone emzimbeni kunomthelela ocasulayo ethambekeni lesisu. Amanzi awadingayo aqala ukushiya amaseli. Lapho uya endlini yangasese, hhayi uketshezi olwedlulele kuphela, kodwa ne-potassium ekhishwa emzimbeni.
Ngokusho kweqoqo lezimpawu, kungabonakala sengathi kunezinkinga ngesisu, ngoba kunobuhlungu odongeni olungaphambili lwesisu. Uma udokotela engakunikezeli ukuhlaziywa kwe-ushukela wegazi, kungenzeka ukuthi isiguli esinjalo silaliswe esibhedlela ngokuhlinzwa noma esigcemeni esingenayo.
Ukuvimbela lokhu kungenzeki, ukuhlolwa kokuthola ukuqoqeka kwe-glucose kanye nemizimba ye-ketone esegazini kuyenziwa ukuthola i-ketoacidosis. Ucwaningo olufanayo lwenziwa ngomchamo wesiguli.
I-ketoacidosis ezinganeni
Ebuntwaneni, le nkinga ingumphumela wokutholwa kwesifo sikashukela ngokungafanele. Ukuphindaphinda okuphindaphindayo esikhathini esizayo kungahle kuhambisane nenkambo engalungile yokwelashwa noma ukulawulwa kokungathembeki kashukela wegazi.
I-Ketoacidosis ingumholi ekufeni kwabantu phakathi kwabashukela abancane. Izimpawu zalesi simo ezinganeni ziyefana nakwabantu abadala. Izindlela zokwelapha ziyefana.
Izinkinga ezingaba khona
Uma umuntu enezinsolo ze-ketoacidosis, khona-ke kudingeka athathe izinyathelo zokubuyisa izinga le-glucose kwelejwayelekile. Ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa, lokhu kungenziwa ngokushintsha indlela odla ngayo. Kwanele ukuthola ngosizo lokuthi yimiphi imikhiqizo ehlisa ushukela wegazi. Uma izinyathelo zingathathwanga ngesikhathi, khona-ke i-ketoacidosis igcwele imiphumela emibi:
- I-Cerebral edema;
- Ukuphazamiseka emsebenzini wenhliziyo;
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezihambisanayo.
Ingqinamba edabukisa kakhulu yokweqisa ushukela egazini ingabulala. Kungcono ukungabambezeli ukuvakasha kudokotela, ngoba kusthatha isikhathi ukudlulisa izivivinyo ezidingekayo nokwenza ukuxilongwa.
Ukwelashwa Ketoacidosis
Izincomo ezijwayelekile
Ngemuva kokuthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa, udokotela unquma inkambo yokwelashwa. Enye yezindawo zayo ukugcinwa kokudla kwesifo sikashukela. Ngokubambisana nochwepheshe, uhlu lokudla okudliwayo olwehlisa ushukela wegazi kuhlobo 2 sikashukela nohlobo 1 luyahlanganiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiguli kuzodingeka sidlule:
- Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin. Isiguli sifakwa nge-insulin. Ngesikhathi senqubo, izinga le-glucose lilinganiswa ngehora.
- Ukuvuselelwa komzimba. Emzimbeni, isitoko soketshezi esilahlekile senziwa kabusha ngokufakwa kwe-saline okufakwa ngaphakathi.
- Ukuvuselelwa kwezindawo ezigcina i-potassium.
- Inkambo yokwelashwa kwezifo ezifanayo.
Nge-ketoacidosis, isiguli siyiswa esikhungweni sokunakekelwa esibucayi noma esikhungweni sokunakekelwa esibucayi, lapho kutholakala khona ukubonwa kwemingcele yegazi nomchamo, bese kwenziwa imfucumfucu. Usizo lokuqala ngemuva kokuqala kwezimpawu zokukhula okuthuthukayo - i-dropper yesisombululo sikasawoti esingu-0.9% kanye nedosi le-insulin. Uma kungekho ezinye izinkinga, isiguli singafakwa ekwelashweni noma e-endocrinology.
Isiguli kufanele sinikeze isiphuzo esiningi se-alkaline. Ukudla kwakhe kuzoba ikakhulu nama-carbohydrate. Impumelelo ekwelashweni izotholakala lapho kungenzeka kulinganiswe ushukela wegazi, kanti nemizimba ye-ketone iyobe ingekho kumchamo.
Umsoco we-ketoacidosis
Ukudla okufanele ngesikhathi sokwelashwa
Isinyathelo esibalulekile ekwelashweni ukondliwa okufanele, okunganikeza ukuncishiswa kwezempilo okudingekayo ku-glucose. Kulula ukuthola imininingwane yokuthi yikuphi ukudla okunciphisa ushukela wegazi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- Imifino. Nikeza umzimba ngenhlanganisela eyengeziwe yamavithamini. Ilungele ukudliwa kohlobo 1 nohlobo 2 sikashukela. Kwimifino, i-glucose eluhlaza incane, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuyikhetha. Zonke izinhlobo zeklabishi, i-zucchini, ikhukhamba, isipinashi, isitshalo seqanda, utamatisi, upelepele, i-artichoke yaseJerusalema zilungele izinzuzo zezempilo.
- Izithelo. Okuzuzisa kakhulu kumuntu onesifo sikashukela ama-citruse. Iziguli zohlobo 1 no-2 zidinga ukudla ama-apula nama-avocados. Ban - ubhanana kanye namagilebhisi.
- Ukudla kwasolwandle. Ukudla okunempilo okunamaprotheni amaningi. Kunomphumela omuhle ekusebenzeni kwesisu.
- Inhlanzi. Kufanele ukhethe izinhlobo ezinamafutha aphansi, ezinusiwe noma eziphekiwe.
- Amantongomane. Ukusetshenziswa kwazo kubambezela inqubo yokufakwa ushukela egazini. Ama-caloric anele, ngakho-ke ngokushesha bazizwa bethambile. I-cholesterol ephansi.
- Izizini. Isinamoni yinhle kakhulu ngokujwayelekile.
- Inyama. Izinhlobo zawo ezinamafutha aphansi impela.
- I-Legumes Ucebile ngamaprotheni futhi lokhu kuvumela ukuthi banciphise ukumuncwa kwe-glucose.
- Izihlobo. Inombolo enkulu yezakhi zezitshalo itholakala ku okusanhlamvu nasezihlahleni. Okuwusizo kakhulu kukho konke i-oatmeal. Ine-fiber eningi futhi yehlisa ushukela kalula. Kufika ku-25% ithuba le-ketoacidosis kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamamil.
Kunemikhiqizo eyanele evunyelwe ukusetshenziswa, ngakho-ke ngisho neziguli ezisheshayo kakhulu ekudleni zizokwazi ukuzenzela imenyu. Ngaphambi kwalokho, ngeke kube yinto engelutho ukubonana nodokotela ukuze avume indlela odla ngayo.
Imikhiqizo Evikelwa Ushukela
Isifo sikashukela sidinga ukukhipha ukudla okwandisa amazinga kashukela ekudleni kwabo. Ukuze ungacasuli ukuthuthukiswa kwe-ketoacidosis, kufanele ugweme:
- Ukudla okuphezulu kushukela: i-confectionery, ikakhulukazi amaswidi, ukulondolozwa, ujamu, uju, amagilebhisi, kuthengwe amajusi amnandi. Ezithelo, lezi ubhanana kanye namagilebhisi.
- Izitsha zokuthambisa. Kuzofanele ulahle izinhlobo ezinamafutha zenyama nezinhlanzi, amasoseji, amasoseji, imikhiqizo yobisi enamaphesenti amaningi amanoni, imayonnaise nososo okusekwe kuyo. Imikhiqizo enjalo ayilungile kwesibindi. Umzimba usuvele unezinkinga ngomzimba.
- Wotshwala. Iziphuzo ezinamandla kufanele zilahlwe kuqala. Ukusetshenziswa kwabo kungaletha umuntu ku-coma ushukela.
- Ukudla okuhlanganisa inani elikhulu lamafutha noshukela. Lawa ushokoledi, i-halva, amakhekhe kirimu kanye namakhekhe, u-ayisikhilimu.
Uma ungakwazi ngokuphelele ukwenqaba noma yimuphi umkhiqizo, khona-ke kuvunyelwe ukuwudla kancane futhi ngezingxenye ezincane. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngaso sonke isikhathi kufanele ugcine inkomba yeglucose ilawulwa.
Ukudla Okukhulelwe
Kwabesifazane abasezikhundleni, ushukela wegazi uyakhuphuka, ngakho-ke nengozi yengozi yesifo sikashukela womzimba ikhuphuka. Ukugwema ukungena kwe-glucose ebukhali, okuzoba yingozi kumama nengane yakhe, kufanele udle kahle ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Okungukuthi, ukugwema imikhiqizo evusa ukukhula koshukela.
Kufanele kube nokudla okuningi ekudleni kwakho okukhulelwe okwehlisa ukugxila kwakho kwe-glucose. Ukusuka kuma-carbohydrate asheshayo, noma anciphile, kuzodingeka wenqabe isikhathi sokuthinta. Izithelo ezimnandi neziphuzo zivunyelwe, kepha ngamanani amancane. Ukudla kwekhalori akufanele kudlule ama-kcal angama-30 ngekhilogremu ngayinye yesisindo somzimba sowesifazane.
Ngemuva kokubeletha, ingozi yokuba nesifo sikashukela somzimba inyamalale, kepha isikhathi esithile kungcono kakhulu ukulandela izinga le-glucose. Abesifazane abake baba nalesi sifo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa basengozini yokuthola isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Uma ukunamathela emithethweni eyondlekile kwanele ukulawula ushukela, khona-ke azikho izindlela ezengeziwe zokwelapha ezizodingeka.
Ukuvimbela Ketoacidosis
Ungasigwema isimo se-ketoacidosis uma ulandela imithetho elula yokuvikelwa kwayo. Ukuze ulondoloze umzimba kwimodi ejwayelekile, kwanele:
Zinike inala yokuphuza ukuvikela i-ketoacidosis.Yidla kaningi, kepha ngezingxenye ezincane, ukudla kufanele kube okulungile nokunokulinganisela ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Dala ukudla ukuze izikhathi zokudla zifane noma zicishe zilingane.
- Emini, zenzele isiphuzo esiningi. Kungcono ukukhohlwa mayelana neziphuzo ezinekhabhoni.
- Kala ushukela wegazi njalo.
- Funda ukubona izimpawu ze-glucose ephezulu.
- Ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi nangemithamo efanele, phatha i-insulin.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi kufanele wenqabe konke okukuhle, manje nje udinga ukubheka ukuthi ungadla ini nokuthi ungakanani. Ukondliwa okufanele nokuhambisana nemikhombandlela yezokwelashwa kuzokuvumela ukuthi ujabulele impilo iminyaka eminingi, noma unesifo sikashukela. I-ketoacidosis iyingozi impela, ngakho-ke kulula ukuyivimba kunokuyelapha.
