Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus siyinkinga yomhlaba wonke ekhule kuphela eminyakeni edlule. Ngokwezibalo, emhlabeni jikelele abantu abayizigidi ezingama-371 bahlaselwa yilesi sifo, esingamaphesenti ayisikhombisa abantu abasemhlabeni.
Isizathu esikhulu sokukhula kwalesi sifo ukuguquka okukhulu kwendlela yokuphila. Ngokwezibalo, uma isimo singashintshiwe, ngonyaka ka 2025 inani labanesifo sikashukela lizophinda kabili.
Ezingeni lamazwe ngenani labantu abanokuxilongwa yileli:
- India - 50,8 million;
- China - izigidi ezingama-43,2;
- I-USA - izigidi ezingama-26.8;
- IRussia - izigidi eziyi-9.6;
- EBrazil - izigidi eziyi-7.6;
- IJalimane - izigidi eziyi-7.6;
- IPakistan - izigidi eziyi-7.1;
- IJapan - izigidi eziyi-7.1;
- I-Indonesia - izigidi eziyisikhombisa;
- IMexico - izigidi eziyi-6.8
Iphesenti elikhulu kakhulu lalesi sigameko latholakala phakathi kwezakhamizi zase-United States, lapho cishe abantu abangamaphesenti angama-20 ezwe behlaselwa yisifo sikashukela. E-Russia, leli nani lingamaphesenti ayisithupha.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ezweni lethu izinga lalesi sifo aliphezulu kangako e-United States, ososayensi bathi izakhamizi zaseRussia ziseduze kakhulu nalokhu okubhebhetheka kwezifo.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala sivame ukutholakala ezigulini ezingaphansi kweminyaka engama-30, kuyilapho abesifazane besethubeni lokugula. Uhlobo lwesibili lwezifo lukhula kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-40 ubudala futhi cishe njalo luba khona kubantu abakhuluphe ngokweqile abanesisindo somzimba.
Ezweni lethu, isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sisemncane kakhulu, namuhla sitholakala ezigulini ezisukela eminyakeni eyi-12 kuye kwayi-16.
Ukutholwa kwezifo
Izinombolo ezimangazayo zinikezwa ngezibalo kulabo bantu abangazange baphumelele ukuhlolwa. Cishe amaphesenti angama-50 ezakhamizi zomhlaba awasoleli nokuthi kungenzeka atholakale enesifo sikashukela.
Njengoba wazi, lesi sifo singakhula ngokungabonakali eminyakeni edlule, ngaphandle kokubanga nazimpawu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emazweni amaningi angenakuthuthukiswa ngokwezomnotho lesi sifo asitholakali njalo sitholakala kahle.
Ngalesi sizathu, lesi sifo siholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu, sisebenza ngokulimaza ohlelweni lwenhliziyo, isibindi, izinso nezinye izitho zangaphakathi, okuholela ekukhubazekeni.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kokuthi e-Afrika ukwanda kwesifo sikashukela kubhekwa njengento ephansi, kulapha ukuthi amaphesenti aphezulu kakhulu abantu abangakaze bahlolwe. Isizathu salokhu izinga elisezingeni eliphansi lokufunda nokubhala nokuqwashisa ngalesi sifo kubo bonke abahlali bakahulumeni.
Ukufa kwezifo
Ukuhlanganisa izibalo zokushona kwabantu ngenxa yesifo sikashukela akulula kangako. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ezenzweni zomhlaba, amarekhodi ezokwelapha akuvamile ukukhombisa imbangela yokufa kwesiguli. Okwamanje, ngokusho kwedatha etholakalayo, isithombe jikelele sokufa ngenxa yalesi sifo singenziwa.
Kubalulekile ukubheka ukuthi wonke amanani wokushona atholakalayo awanakwa, ngoba enziwa kuphela idatha etholakalayo. Iningi lokufa kwesifo sikashukela kwenzeka ezigulini ezineminyaka engama-50 futhi abantu abancane bayafa ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-60.
Ngenxa yohlobo lwalesi sifo, isilinganiso sokuphila esijwayelekile seziguli siphansi kakhulu kunakubantu abaphilile. Ukufa ngenxa yesifo sikashukela kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwezinkinga nokuntuleka kokwelashwa okufanele.
Ngokuvamile, amazinga okushona kwabantu aphakame kakhulu emazweni lapho umbuso ungenandaba nokuxhasa ngezimali ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo. Ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala, ezomnotho ezinemali ephezulu nezithuthukile zinemininingwane ephansi ngenani lokufa kwabantu ngenxa yokugula.
Isigameko eRussia
Njengoba isilinganiso sezehlakalo sikhombisa, izinkomba zaseRussia ziphakathi kwamazwe amahlanu aphezulu emhlabeni. Ngokuvamile, izinga lalisondela emkhondweni wokuqothuka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusho kochwepheshe besayensi, amanani wangempela abantu abanalesi sifo aphakeme amahlandla amabili kuya kwamathathu.
Kuleli lizwe, bangaphezu kwezi-280 000 zabantu abanesifo sikashukela abanesifo sohlobo lokuqala. Lababantu bathembela ekuphathweni kwe-insulin kwansuku zonke, phakathi kwabo izingane eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-16 kanye nentsha eyizinkulungwane eziyi-8,5.
Ngokuqondene nokutholwa kwalesi sifo, eRussia abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyisithupha abazi ukuthi banesifo sikashukela.
Cishe amaphesenti angama-30 wemithombo yezimali esetshenziselwa ukulwa nalesi sifo kusuka kwisabelomali sezempilo, kodwa cishe amaphesenti angama-90 awo asetshenziswa ekwelapheni izinkinga, hhayi lesi sifo uqobo.
Ngaphandle kwesilinganiso sokwehla kwesibalo esikhulu, ezweni lethu ukusetshenziswa kwe-insulin kuyinto encane kakhulu futhi kufinyelela kumayunithi angama-39 umhlali ngamunye waseRussia. Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe, khona-ke ePoland lezi zibalo zingama-125, Germany - 200, Sweden - 257.
Izinkinga zesifo
- Imvamisa, lesi sifo siholela ekuphazamisweni kwesistimu yenhliziyo.
- Kubantu asebekhulile, ubumpumputhe benzeka ngenxa yesifo sikashukela sikashukela.
- Inkinga yokusebenza kwezinso iholela ekuthuthukiseni ukwehluleka kwe-renal renal. Imbangela yesifo esingamahlalakhona ezimweni eziningi i-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela.
- Cishe isigamu soshukela sinenkinga ehlobene nohlelo lwezinzwa. I-neuropathy yesifo sikashukela iholela ekunciphiseni ukuzwela nomonakalo emilenzeni.
- Ngenxa yezinguquko emithanjeni nasemithanjeni yegazi, abanesifo sikashukela bangakha unyawo lwesifo sikashukela, olubangela ukunqunyelwa kwemilenze. Ngokwezibalo, ukunqunywa komhlaba wonke kwamaphethelo aphansi ngenxa yesifo sikashukela kwenzeka njalo ngomzuzu. Unyaka ngamunye, ukunqunywa kwezigidi eziyi-1 kwenziwa ngenxa yokugula. Okwamanje, ngokusho kodokotela, uma lesi sifo sitholakala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, singaphezu kwengamaphesenti angama-80 ukweqiwa kwamalunga.
