Isifo sikashukela mellitus sohlobo lwesibili lwezifundo sinelinye igama - sitholiwe, sizimele. Le ndlela yalesi sifo ayihlanganisi umjovo we-hormone yokwenziwa. Ezinye iziguli zisengayidinga i-insulin eyengeziwe, kepha lokhu kude kakhulu nendlela enkulu yokwelashwa.
Isifo sikashukela esitholile, njengomthetho, sikhula ngokuguga. Imbangela yawo ukwephula izinqubo ze-metabolic kanye nokwanda kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona zezifo zemanyikwe. Kodwa-ke, kuze kube manje, odokotela baqaphele ukuthambekela kokufiphaza uhlaka lweminyaka yesifo sikashukela.
Ngokwanda, ukuvela kohlobo lwesibili lwalesi sifo ezinganeni nasebusheni kuyaqapheleka. Leli qiniso lingachazwa kalula hhayi kuphela ngokuwohloka okubalulekile kwemvelo, kodwa futhi nekhwalithi ephansi yokudla egcwele ama-carbohydrate amsulwa kanye nokuntuleka kwemfundo egcwele yemidlalo yabantu abasha. Yilezi zizathu ezenza lesi sifo sibe sincane minyaka yonke.
Wonke umuntu kudingeka azi izimpawu eziphambili zesifo sikashukela. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi ukhombe ngokushesha isifo se-pancreatic futhi wehlise amathuba okuba nesifo sikashukela.
Kukhansele olusemgodini wesisu owenza imisebenzi emibili ebalulekile ngasikhathi sinye:
- ukukhiqizwa kwejusi ye-pancreatic, ebamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni zokugaya ukudla;
- secretion of the insulin ye-hormone, ebhekele ukunikezela nge-glucose esitokisini.
Izimfuneko zokuqanjwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2
Kunezizathu eziningana zokukhula kwalesi sifo futhi ziyefana impela ezicini zokugula zesifo sokuqala. Umehluko obalulekile ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-metabolic kanye nokuntuleka kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin.
Ngakho-ke, ukuqala kwesifo kusizwa ngu:
- ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin enganele;
- ukumelana kwamaseli omzimba emiphumeleni ye-hormone (ikakhulukazi izicubu ezinamafutha, isibindi nemisipha);
- ngokweqile.
Izigaba zokuqala zesifo sikashukela ezitholwayo zibonakala ngokutholwa kwamazinga aphezulu e-insulin, ngoba umzimba usakwazi ukubufihla. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone kancane kancane kuyehla bese kuya ku-zero.
Isisindo esengeziwe singabizwa ngokuthi yisici esiyisisekelo ekwakhiweni kohlobo lwesibili sikashukela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadiphozithi ayingozi kakhulu wamafutha avela ngqo esiswini (uhlobo lwe-visceral lokukhuluphala), olunikezwa indlela yokuphila yokuhlala phansi nokuhlala ngokushesha ukuluma lapho usohambeni.
Ukondleka okungafanele ngokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-carbohydrate acwengekile kanye nokwehliswa okukhulu kwemicu yama-coarse ne-fiber kungabizwa nangokuthi imbangela yezinkinga nge-insulin.
Yini okufanele iqondwe njengokumelana?
Ukuphikiswa (ukumelana) kungukuphikisa komzimba womuntu emiphumeleni ye-hormone insulin. Le nqubo ye-pathological ithwala imiphumela emibi eminingana:
- ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi;
- ukukhuphuka kashukela wegazi;
- ukuqhubeka okusebenzayo kwesifo senhliziyo kanye ne-atherosclerosis ye-vascular.
Amaseli weBeta akhiqiza i-insulin ahlaselwa amasosha omzimba eziguli (njengakuhlobo lwesifo sikashukela 1), kodwa kancane kancane alahlekelwa amandla abo okuqamba inani elanele le-hormone.
Njengomphumela wokuvuswa njalo kwenqanaba le-glucose eliphezulu kakhulu, amaseli we-pancreatic ancishisiwe, ukubonakaliswa kwawo kanye nokwanda kwesifo sikashukela mellitus.
Uma kutholakale ukuthi unesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, kubalulekile ukubhekisisa ukugcwala kwe-glucose egazini lakho. Uma kudingeka imijovo eyengeziwe, umuntu kufanele afunde ukuyenza ngaphandle kosizo.
Uhlobo lwesibili lwesifo lubonwa kaningi kakhulu kunolokuqala. Uma sibheka izinombolo, khona-ke sikhuluma ngesiguli esisodwa kubo bonke abantu abangama-90.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2
Izimpawu zalolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela zingaba mnene futhi zimfushane. Cishe iminyaka eminingana, lesi sifo siqhubeka ngesimo samuva futhi sizenza sizwe sekwephuze kakhulu.
Kuyinkambo ye-asymptomatic yezigaba zokuqala zesifo ezenza isidalwa sibe nzima ngokwengeziwe ekuxilongeni nasekwelashweni kwaso kokuqala. Cishe amaphesenti angama-50 eziguli ezinalolu hlobo sikashukela izinyanga eziningi azikungabazi nakancane ukuthi kukhona emzimbeni wazo.
Ngesikhathi sokutholwa kwalesi sifo, base bevele behlushwa i-retinopathy (ukulimala kwamehlo) kanye ne-angiopathy (izinkinga ze-vascular) nezimpawu zabo zokuziphatha.
Izimpawu eziphambili zalesi sifo ziyefana nokuboniswa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1:
- umlomo ophikelelayo owomile nokoma;
- ukuchama kaningi;
- ubuthakathaka bemisipha, hhayi ukudlula ukukhathala kanye nokusebenza ngokweqile kusuka ekujuleni komzimba okuvamile;
- kwesinye isikhathi ukwehla kwesisindo kungabhekwa (kepha kushiwo kancane kunhlobo lohlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela), kepha lokhu akulona uphawu;
- ukulunywa kwesikhumba, ikakhulukazi ezizungeze izitho zangasese (ngenxa yokukhula okusebenzayo kokutheleleka kwegwele);
- ukubuyela emuva kwezifo zesikhumba ezithathelwanayo (ukhunta, ithumba).
Yini okufanele ngiyibheke?
Uma emndenini okungenani umuntu oyedwa unesifo sohlobo 2 sikashukela, khona-ke leli qiniso likhulisa kakhulu amathuba okuba nesifo esifanayo ezihlotsheni eziseduze.
Isisindo ngokweqile kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme futhi yizizathu ezibalulekile zokuthuthuka kwalesi sifo, kungashiwo ukuthi i-insulin nesisindo ngokweqile kuhlobene ngokuqondile. Cishe zonke iziguli ezinjalo zinenkinga yamaphawundi angeziwe.
Lapho ukhuphuka isisindo, kuba lula amathuba okuthola isifo sikashukela. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sokugula okufihliwe, i-coronary thrombosis noma unhlangothi lungakhula.
Uma umuntu esebenzisa i-diuretics ne-corticosteroids, kufanele aqaphele ukuthi le mishanguzo ingandisa kakhulu ubungozi bokuba nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukugula?
Odokotela batusa izindlela zokuvikela ezizosiza ukuvikela ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo. Kubalulekile ukuzama ukuhola impilo enempilo futhi ushiye imilutha. Ngisho nokubhema okwenziwa ngabesibili kuyayiphazamisa impilo.
Ukushintshela ekudleni okunempilo kuyiseluleko esihle. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugcina imithambo enempilo nemithambo enempilo, kanye nokugcina i-cholesterol inganqunyelwe.
Ukudla okulinganiselwe okune-fiber, okuphansi kushukela kanye nama-carbohydrate alula azosiza ukunciphisa isisindo bese kunciphisa izimo zohlobo lwesifo sikashukela 2.
Labo bantu abasengozini yesifo sikashukela noma asebeke baba nazo izinkinga kufanele babuyekeze izindlela zabo zokudla futhi bafake ekudleni kwabo:
- izaqathe;
- ubhontshisi oluhlaza;
- izithelo ezisawolintshi;
- iklabishi;
- isithombo;
- upelepele wensimbi.
Kufanele uqaphele nganoma iziphi izinguquko esimweni sempilo, izimpawu zoshukela noma ushukela ophansi. Ungakhohlwa ukuphumelela izivivinyo zokuvimbela ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi funa usizo lodokotela uma uzizwa ungasebenzi. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugwema izinkinga eziningi zesifo sikashukela.
Ngabe ngidinga ukuzivocavoca?
Uma uhlanganyela ngokuhlelekile ngokomzimba, lokhu kuzosiza ekunciphiseni kakhulu ukuqina kokuqina kwe-insulin, okuyiqiniso, enciphisa izimbangela zokukhula kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Uma udokotela ohambelayo encoma eminye imijovo ye-insulin, umthamo womuthi ophethwe kufanele ulungiswe ngokwanele (ngokuya ngezinga lomsebenzi womzimba wesiguli).
Ngokufakwa kwenani elikhulu kakhulu le-insulin (lamazinga ahlukahlukene wesikhathi), i-hypoglycemia enamandla ingaqala, yingakho ukwelashwa okuvivinya umzimba kubaluleke kakhulu kushukela.
Lapho kudlalwa ezemidlalo, umuntu onesifo sikashukela ushisa amaseli okunamafutha. Kulokhu, amaqabunga esisindo ngokweqile ngobungako obudingekayo, namaseli emisipha ayagcinwa esimweni esisebenzayo.
Iglucose yegazi ayigugi, noma ngabe kukhona ngokweqile.
Thayipha II isifo sikashukela
Ngisho nokutholwa okufika ngesikhathi nokwelashwa okutholwe i-mellitus yesifo sikashukela (kanye ne -gengenital) kungaxazululwa izinkinga eziningi zempilo. Lokhu akumele kube ukungabi bucayi nje okungeyona ingozi kwamapuleti ezipikili nesikhumba esomile, kodwa futhi ne-alopecia areata, anemia, noma ne-thrombocytopenia.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kungahle kube nezinkinga ezinjalo ngohlobo lwesibili sikashukela:
- i-arteriosulinosis yemithambo, ebangela ukuphazamiseka kokuhamba kwegazi emaphethelweni aphansi, inhliziyo ngisho nengqondo;
- isifo sikashukela se-nephropathy (izinkinga zezinso);
- isifo sikashukela i-retinopathy (izifo zamehlo);
- i-neuropathy yesifo sikashukela (ukufa kwezicubu zezinzwa);
- izilonda eziyinqaba nezithathelwanayo zezinyawo nemilenze;
- ukuzwela ngokweqile ezifweni.
Uma unezinkinga zempilo ezimbalwa, kufanele uthintane nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole izeluleko. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi kungaqali isifo esihlanganyele.
Ingenziwa kanjani imiphumela yesifo sikashukela esitholakele?
Uma ulandela ngokuqinile imiyalo kadokotela, khona-ke kungenzeka hhayi kuphela ukuthi unciphise imiphumela yesifo, kodwa futhi ulithuthukisa kakhulu izinga lempilo.
Kuyadingeka ngaso sonke isikhathi ukukhumbula ukuthi isifo sikashukela asisiwona umusho, wokutholwa noma wokuzala. Namuhla, izinga lemithi yethu livumela abantu abanokuxilongwa okufanayo ukuba baholele indlela yokuphila esebenzayo kakhulu futhi bangabonakali.
Izizathu zalokhu ukuphathwa kwezifo ngosizo lwemithi efanelekile nokudla okukhethekile kokudla okuhlose ukunciphisa inani lama-carbohydrate ahlanzekile.
Uma ingane ihlushwa uhlobo lwesibili lwesifo, khona-ke abazali bayo kufanele bazi amasu aphambili okwelapha futhi balandele ngokuqinile imiyalo kadokotela.
Ngenxa yokuthi isifo sikashukela i-mellitus noshukela wegazi ophakeme ziyizizathu zokwanda okukhulu kokulimazeka kwezifo zenhliziyo kanye ne-arlerial sclerosis, kubalulekile ukubheka umfutho wegazi kanye nokwehlisa kwegazi cholesterol ephansi.
