Udokotela we-endocrinologist uzokwazi ukuthola isifo sikashukela futhi anqume uhlobo lwaso, anikezwe izinga lemithi yesimanje, ngaphandle kokuzijwayeza okuningi nesipiliyoni. Okuhlukile kuyindlela yesifo esifana nesifo sikashukela se-modi.
Ngisho nalabo okungebona udokotela ochwepheshe futhi abangabheki izifo zansuku zonke zohlelo lwe-endocrine, kuyaziwa ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezimbili zikashukela:
- Ukuncika kwe-insulin - uhlobo 1 sikashukela;
- Uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela esingathembeli ku-insulin.
Izici okwaziwa ngazo isifo sohlobo lokuqala: ukuqala kwayo kwenzeka ebusheni noma ebusheni, kuyilapho ukwethulwa kwe-insulin kudingeka ngokushesha manje manje kukho konke impilo.
Isiguli asikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwakhe, ngokungaphandle komoya namanzi. Futhi konke ngenxa yokuthi amaseli we-pancreas, abhekene nokukhiqizwa kwaleli hormone, kancane kancane alahlekelwa yimisebenzi yawo bese efa. Ngeshwa, ososayensi abakayitholi indlela yokuzivuselela.
Uhlobo 2 sikashukela luvame ukukhula kubantu asebekhulile. Kungenzeka impela ukuhlala naye iminyaka eminingi ngaphandle kokujova i-insulin. Kepha ngokuya ngokudla okuqinile nokuvivinya umzimba njalo. Izidakamizwa ezokwehlisa ushukela zinqunywa njenge-ejenti esekelayo, kepha ayidingi njalo.
Lesi sifo singanxeshezelwa. Ukuthi kuphumelela kangakanani kuncike kuphela esifisweni nasekuzimeleni kwesiguli uqobo, esimweni esejwayelekile sempilo yakhe ngaleso sikhathi kwenziwa isifo, iminyaka nendlela yokuphila.
Udokotela wenza kuphela ama-aphoyintimenti, kepha ukuthi bazohlonishwa malini, angeke akwazi ukulawula, ngoba ukwelashwa kwenziwa ekhaya ngokuzimela.
Ukuthuthukiswa kohlobo lwesifo njengesifo sikashukela se-mody kuyaqhubeka ngandlela thile. Kuyini, ungayibona kanjani, yiziphi izici nosongo - ngezansi.
Izimpawu ezingeyona eyejwayelekile nezimpawu
Isifo sikashukela se-Mody siyindlela ekhethekile kakhulu ye-pathology. Izimpawu zayo nenkambo yayo akuhambi ngaphansi kwezimpawu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala noma lwesibili.
Isibonelo: isifo sikashukela se-mody sisho ukuthi uma kumntwana omncane, ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo, ukugxila kweglucose yegazi kukhuphukela ku-8,0 mmol / l, isimanga sibhekwe kaningi, kepha akukho okunye okwenzekayo? Okusho ukuthi, azikho ezinye izimpawu zesifo sikashukela eziphawuliwe.
Ungakuchaza kanjani iqiniso lokuthi kwezinye izingane isigaba sokuqala sohlobo 1 sikashukela luhlala iminyaka ethile? Noma ingabe kuyinto exakile lapho intsha etholwa isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 kungadingeki ukuthi inyusele imithamo yayo ye-insulin iminyaka eminingi, noma ngabe ingabheki ngokwengeziwe ushukela wegazi labo?
Ngamanye amagama, uhlobo lwe-1 yesifo sikashukela oluthembele ezigulini ezisezincane nasezinganeni luvame ukuba nzima kakhulu futhi lungabi umthwalo, cishe njengohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela kwiziguli ezindala. Kukulezi zimo lapho kungasolwa khona uhlobo lwesifo esinjenge-modi.
Amaphesenti amahlanu kuya kwayi-7 azo zonke izifo zesifo sikashukela zenzeka kulesi sifo esibizwa ngokuthi yi-modyabetes. Kepha lezi yizibalo ezisemthethweni kuphela.
Ochwepheshe bathi empeleni, le ndlela yesifo sikashukela ivame kakhulu. Kepha ihlala ingafakwanga ngenxa yobunzima bokuxilongwa kwalesi sifo. Siyini isifo sikashukela se-mody?
Yini isifo salolu hlobo?
Isifo Sikashukela Sokuvuthwa Kwabancane - yile ndlela isifushaniso sesiNgisi esaziwa ngayo. Okusho ekuhumusheni kusho ukuthi kunoshukela wohlobo oluvuthiwe kubantu abasha. Ngokokuqala ngqá igama elinjalo laqalwa ngo-1975 ososayensi baseMelika ukuthola uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela esingaqhubeki kahle, esingaqhubeki kahle ezigulini ezisezinsizakalweni zofuzo.
Lesi sifo siqala ngemuva kwesizinda sokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo, ngenxa yokuthi ukuntuleka kokusebenza kwento yokudla kwama-pancreas kwenzeka. Izinguquko emazingeni ezakhi zofuzo zenzeka kaningi ebusheni, ebusheni ngisho nasebuntwaneni. Kodwa ukuthola isifo, ngokunembile, uhlobo lwayo, kungenzeka kuphela ngendlela yokucwaninga ngofuzo.
Ukuze kutholakale ukuthi unesifo sikashukela se-mody, ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ezithile kufanele kuqinisekiswe. Kuze kube manje, zingu-8 izakhi zofuzo ezingaguqukelwa ziye zahlukaniswa, okubangela ukuthuthukiswa kwalolu hlobo lwezifo ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Zonke zihlukile ezimpawuni nasekwethulweni ngokomtholampilo, ngokulandelana, zidinga amaqhinga ahlukile ekwelashweni.
Kukuziphi izimo lapho lolu hlobo lwesifo lungasolwa khona
Ngakho-ke, hlobo luni lwezimpawu nezinkomba ezibonisa ukuthi lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela esingajwayelekile nobunzima luyenzeka? Isimo somtholampilo singafana kakhulu nentuthuko kanye nenkambo yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Kepha ngokufana, izimpawu ezinjalo nazo ziyaphawulwa:
- Ukuxolelwa kwesifo okude kakhulu (okungenani unyaka), ngenkathi izinkathi zokubuyiselwa kwemali azibonwa nhlobo. Kwezokwelapha, lesi simo sibizwa nangokuthi "i-honeymoon."
- Ngokubonakaliswa, akukho ketoacidosis.
- Amangqamuzana akhiqiza i-insulin agcina ukusebenza kwawo, njengoba kufakazelwa izinga elijwayelekile le-C-peptide esegazini.
- Ngokuphathwa kwe-insulin encane kakhulu, isinxephezelo esihle kakhulu siyabonakala.
- Izinkomba ze-glycated hemoglobin azidluli i-8%.
- Akukho ukuhlangana nohlelo lwe-HLA.
- Ama-antibodies kumaseli we-beta ne-insulin awatholakali.
Okubalulekile: ukuxilongwa kungenziwa kuphela ngaphandle kokungabaza uma isiguli sinezihlobo ezisondelene nazo ezitholakala nesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, i-hemline “elambile” hyperglycemia, isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa (ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa), noma ukubekezelelwa kwe-glucose engalungisiwe kwamaseli.
Kunesizathu sokusola isifo sikashukela se-mody kulezo zimo lapho kwaxilongwa khona ukutholakala kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela eneminyaka engu-25 ubudala, futhi ngaphandle kwezimpawu zokukhuluphala.
Abazali kufanele baqaphele ikakhulukazi uma izingane zabo zinezimpawu ezinjengale iminyaka emibili noma ngaphezulu:
- I-Hyperglycemia elambile (hhayi ngaphezu kwe-8.5 mmol / l), kepha ngaphandle kwezinye izinto ezihambelana nalezi zinto - ukunciphisa isisindo, i-polydipsia, i-polyuria;
- Ukubekezelelwa kwe-carbohydrate engasebenzi kahle.
Iziguli, njengomthetho, ezimweni ezinjalo azinazo izikhalazo ezikhethekile. Inkinga ukuthi uma uphuthelwa umzuzwana, izinkinga ezinhlobonhlobo zingakhula futhi isifo sikashukela sizonciphiswa. Lapho-ke kuzoba nzima ukulawula inkambo yesifo.
Ngakho-ke, ucwaningo olujwayelekile luyadingeka futhi, ngokushintshwa okuncane kwesithombe somtholampilo kanye nokubonakaliswa kwezimpawu ezintsha, qala ukwelashwa ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi.
Imininingwane: kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uhlobo olungaka lwesifo sikashukela kubantu besifazane luvame kakhulu ukwedlula emadodeni. Kuyaqhubeka, njengomthetho, ngesimo esinzima ngokwedlulele. Azikho izincazelo eziqinisekisiwe ngokwesayensi zalo mkhuba.
Izinhlobo Ezihlukahlukene Zesifo Sikashukela se-Modi
Kuya ngokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zofuzo eziguqukile, kunezindlela ezi-6 ezahlukahlukene zesifo. Zonke ziqhubeka ngezindlela ezihlukile. Babizwa, ngokulandelana, iMody-1, iMody-2, njll. Ifomu emnene kunazo zonke isifo sikashukela se-Modi-2.
I-hyperglycemia esheshayo kuleli cala ayivelakancane kune-8.0%, ukuqhubekela phambili, kanye nokukhula kwe-ketoacidosis, akulungisiwe. Ezinye izinkomba zesifo sikashukela azibonwa. Kusungulwa ukuthi leli fomu livame kakhulu kubantu baseFrance naseSpain.
Isimo sokunxephezela ezigulini sinakekelwa ngethamo elincane le-insulin, cishe elingadingeki ukwanda.
Emazweni asenyakatho ye-Europe - England, Holland, Germany - Mobi-3 kuvame kakhulu. Lokhu kwehluka kwenkambo yesifo kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile. Ukhula esemuva kwesikhathi, njengomthetho, ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-10, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ngokushesha, kuvame ukuba nezinkinga ezinkulu.
I-pathology efana neModi-1 iyivelakancane kakhulu. Kuzo zonke izimo zesifo sikashukela saleli fomu, iModi-1 yi-1% kuphela. Inkambo yalesi sifo ibi kakhulu. Ukuhluka kwalesi sifo iModi-4 kukhula kubantu abasha ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala eyi-17. I-Modi-5 isikhumbuza inkambo emnene nokusilela kokuqhubeka kwenketho yesibili. Kepha kuvame ukuxakaniseka yisifo esinjengesifo sikashukela se-nephropathy.
Izindlela zokwelapha
Njengoba lolu hlobo lwe-pancreatic pathology aluhlukile ekuqhubekeni okusebenzayo, amaqhinga okuthola ukwelashwa afana nohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela. Esigabeni sokuqala, ukulawula isimo sesiguli, izinyathelo ezilandelayo zanele:
- Ukudla okulinganiselwe okulinganiselwe;
- Ukuzivocavoca okwanele.
Ngasikhathi sinye, kuqinisekisiwe ekusebenzeni ukuthi kukhethwe kahle futhi kwenziwa izivivinyo zomzimba njalo ezinikeza imiphumela emihle futhi ezineqhaza ekunxephezelweni okusheshayo, okuhle.
Izindlela ezilandelayo nezindlela ezisetshenziswayo nazo ziyasetshenziswa:
- Ukuzivocavoca okuphefumulayo, yoga.
- Ukudla ukudla okusiza ukwehlisa ushukela.
- Amaresiphi wemithi yendabuko.
Noma iyiphi indlela ekhethiwe, idinga ukuvumelana nodokotela wakho ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lapho ukudla nezindlela zokupheka zabantu kunganele, batshintshela ekudleni okunciphisa ushukela kanye nokwelashwa kwe-insulin. Imvamisa lokhu kuba yisidingo ngesikhathi sokuthomba, lapho isizinda se-hormonal sishintsha kakhulu.
