I-Hypothyroidism umsebenzi we-thyroid onciphile. Kubantu abadala, ukubonakaliswa okwedlulele kwe-hypothyroidism yi-myxedema, nasezinganeni - i-cretinism. Isimo singakhula kunoma yimuphi umuntu futhi kunoma iyiphi iminyaka, kepha abesifazane bahlala besengozini.
Izimbangela ze-hypothyroidism yisakhiwo esikhethekile somzimba wesifazane, ukuba khona kwama-hormone akhethekile ocansi kanye nekhono lokuzala nokuzala izingane. I-Hypothyroidism iyingozi ngoba ingaholela ekuphuthweni kwezisu nokungazalani.
Ukukhulelwa ne-hypothyroidism yizinto ezingahambisani. Noma kunjalo, ngokuxilongwa okunjalo, ingane enempilo ingazalwa.
Kubalulekile ukuqapha njalo ushintsho emzimbeni wakho futhi uxilonge i-pathology ezigabeni zokuqala, ngoba imiphumela ingaba yimbi kakhulu.
I-subclinical hypothyroidism ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa iyingozi kakhulu, ngoba isikhathi eside lesi simo asizivezi. Ukuhlaziya kuhlale kubonisa ukwanda kwe-hormone ekhuthaza i-thyroid yegland.
Izimbangela ze-hypothyroidism
I-Hypothyroidism kanye nokushoda kwama-hormone egilo kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, njengomthetho, akhula ngezizathu ezifanayo nezabanye abantu. Lokhu kungaba lapho:
- Ukususwa kwakho konke noma ingxenye ye-gland ngenxa yokuvela kwesimila noma umdlavuza onomdlavuza;
- Ukwenza i-irradiation ivele i-gland yegland noma ukwelashwa kwe-hyperfunction yayo nge-iodine e-radioactive;
- Izifo ezahlukahlukene zokuvuvukala zomzimba;
- Isisulu sokuqothuka;
- Ukushoda kwe-iodine emanzini kanye / noma ekudleni;
- Ukwephula i-pituitary gland.
Emzimbeni wowesifazane okhulelwe kunezici eziningi ezingaba imbangela eqondile ye-hypothyroidism, noma zisebenze njengokuqagela kule ndlela yokusebenza:
- Emzimbeni wowesifazane okhulelwe, ngenxa yomsebenzi we-estrogen, umthamo osegazini we-globulin (protein) ye-thyroxin-binding. Le proteni ibopha i-thyroxine bese ihoxa ekunciphiseni kwegazi lamahhala egazini, elisebenzayo ezimfanelweni zalo ezisebenzayo;
- Ukusebenza kwe-gland yegilo kulawulwa yi-pituitary gland, ihlanganisa i-tropic hormone ye-thyrotropin (TSH). Lapho leli hormone likhiqiza kakhulu i-pituitary gland, ama-hormone akho e-thyroid ahlangana ngokushesha. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, umzimba wowesifazane ukhiqiza i-chorionic gonadotropin, ekhuthaza kakhulu indlala yegilo. Ukugqugquzela okunjalo kubangela i-pituitary gland ukuthi inciphise ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone egqugquzelayo yegilo, ngoba isenzo sayo siyanyamalala. Ekupheleni kokukhulelwa, ukuvela kwe-chorionic gonadotropin kuyayeka, futhi i-pituitary gland ayikwazi ukukhiqiza i-TSH. Imiphumela yalesi simo ukwakhiwa kwe-hypothyroidism;
- Engxenyeni yesibili yokukhulelwa emzimbeni wesifazane, ukuvela kwama-enzymes akhethekile we-placenta, onomsebenzi omkhulu, kuyaqala. Lokhu kungaholela ekuguqukelweni kwama-hormone e-thyroid abe ngamakhompiyutha angasebenzi.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu kowesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ukuthola inani eliphezulu le-iodine. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, i-iodine ethile ikhishwa kumchamo emzimbeni, kanti enye inikezwa i-placenta. Lokhu kudala izimo zokwenziwa kokuntuleka kwe-iodine emzimbeni wowesifazane okhulelwe, ngenxa yalokho i-hypothyroidism ingavela.
Isithombe somtholampilo se-hypothyroidism
Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, izimpawu ze-hypothyroidism cishe azifani nezimpawu zokushoda kwama-hormone egilo kwabesifazane ngaphandle kokukhulelwa:
- Ukomela, ukopha, ukuhamba kancane, umsebenzi wehlisiwe;
- Ukwehla kwenkumbulo nomsebenzi wengqondo;
- Ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa lomzimba, ubusika, ukuqaqanjelwa kwezimpawu zolwelwesi lwesikhumba kanye nesikhumba;
- Fragility yezinwele nezinzipho;
- Ubuhlungu besisu, ukuqunjelwa, ukushisa kwenhliziyo;
- Ukwanda kancane kwesisindo somzimba, ukuvuvukala kwamalunga nezitho zangaphakathi (i-myxedema);
- Ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi wezinhliziyo, nokwanda kwethamo le-gland, okuholela ebunzimeni bokuphefumula, ukugwinya nokushintsha kwezwi.
Amaphuzu aphambili okwelashwa
Njengomthetho, ukwelashwa kwe-thyroid hypofunction kuqukethe ukusetshenziswa kokuphila kwamahomoni we-thyroid: levothyroxine noma i-thyroxine.
Imithamo imiselwe ngawodwana - okokuqala, udokotela unquma umthamo omncane ogulini, khona-ke ukhuphuka njalo emavikini angama-6-8 amanani aphezulu. Basho lawo manani azongena esikhundleni se-thyroid elahlekile.
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukwelashwa kwe-hypothyroidism kusikisela nokusebenzisa ukwelashwa kwe-hormone, kodwa-ke, izimiso zokwelashwa zihlukile ngokuphelele. Owesifazane okhulelwe onesifo sokuxilongwa kwe- "hyperthyroidism" unqunywe i-levothyroxine endaweni ephezulu kakhulu yomthamo osukela ngosuku lokuqala lokwelashwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma owesifazane ekhombisa i-hypothyroidism ngisho nangaphambi kokukhulelwa kwengane, futhi athathe i-hormone emithanjeni ejwayelekile, khona-ke ngemuva kokukhulelwa kudingeka ngokushesha ashintshele esilinganisweni esikhulu se-hormone, athathe imithamo yazo zonke izinyanga eziyi-9.
Leli phuzu libaluleke kakhulu ekwelashweni okuphumelelayo, ngoba engxenyeni yokuqala yokukhulelwa umzimba wengane uzwela kunoma yikuphi, ngisho nokungabalulekanga kakhulu, ukuntuleka kwe-thyroxine.
Naka into eyodwa ebalulekile: owesifazane akadingi ukuphatha hhayi kuphela ukubonakaliswa kwe-hypothyroidism, kodwa futhi ne-hypclotic ye-subclinical ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Ngaphezu kokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi kwehomoni, i-hypothyroidism ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa idinga ushintsho ekudleni:
- Kuyadingeka ukunciphisa umkhawulo wama-carbohydrate asetshenzisiwe: i-muffin, ushokoledi nemikhiqizo kafulawa;
- Kubalulekile ukunciphisa inani lokudla okunamafutha adliwayo: inyama, inhlanzi, inyama ebhemayo, isinqathe.
- Ukwanda kokudla amaprotheni kukhonjisiwe;
- Ekudleni udinga ukwethula imikhiqizo yobisi engavuthiwe;
- Khulisa ukubamba kwakho i-fiber namavithamini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela batusa ukunciphisa kakhulu inani likasawoti elichithwa ngosuku, kanye noketshezi lokuphuza. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ubungozi be-myxedema.
Ingozi nemiphumela ye-hypothyroidism
Ngomzimba wowesifazane okhulelwe, ama-hormone egilo abaluleke kakhulu. Ukushoda kwama-hormone anjalo kuholela emiphumeleni eyingozi futhi emibi kowesifazane uqobo kanye nengane yakhe. Amathuba wokuhlakulela ama-pathologies angathi sína ekwandeni okusha.
Zonke izingozi ze-hypothyroidism kowesifazane nezingane zakhe zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amaningana
Ukuphazamiseka okuvela kowesifazane okhulelwe:
- Ukulibaziseka ekukhuleni kwe-intrauterine yengane ngenxa yokushoda kwehomoni ye-thyroxine
- Ukopha kwe-Vaginal;
- I-hypertension ye-Gestational - izinga eliphezulu lomfutho wegazi ovela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa;
- Ukuchithwa kwangaphambi kokuqala noma ukuthathwa kwe-placenta;
- Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kokubeletha noma isisindo sokuzala esiphansi;
- Isigaba seKhesariya;
- Ukufa kwengane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ngesikhathi sokubeletha;
- Kwesinye isikhathi isisu esizenzakalelayo.
Izingqinamba ezivela enganeni enomama abane-hypothyroidism:
- Ama-pathologies okuthuthuka kokuzala;
- I-Congenital hypothyroidism;
- Ukuphazamiseka kokuthuthuka kwe-psychomotor, kwesinye isikhathi ngokubuyiselwa kanzima kwengqondo.
Okubalulekile: uma i-hypothyroidism ivele kowesifazane esigabeni sokuhlela ukukhulelwa, khona-ke ithuba lokukhulelwa liphansi impela.
Lesi simo sihlotshaniswa nokwephulwa kokuvuthwa kweqanda, kwesinye isikhathi ngesifo se-hypothyroidism kwabanye besifazane kungavela.
