Ngobudala, kukhona ukwehla kokubekezelela ushukela cishe kubo bonke abantu. Kusukela eminyakeni yobudala engama-50, ishumi ngalinye elilandela, ukuqoqwa koshukela okusheshayo kuzonyuka ngo-0,055 mmol / L. Izinga likashukela ngemuva kwamahora ama-2 ngemuva kokudla lizonyuka ngo-0,5 mmol / L.
Kubantu asebekhulile, amathuba okuthola isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 aphezulu kakhulu kunakwabanye.
Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi lezi zibalo ziyizinkomba ezijwayelekile. Kuwona womabili la mazwe, ukuhlangana koshukela kuyahlukahluka ngendlela yawo. Kuya ngqo endleleni yempilo eholwa ngumuntu osempesheni, futhi ikakhulukazi, ukondleka kwakhe kanye nokuzivocavoca umzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-glycemia esiswini esingenalutho ngeke isishintshe kakhulu.
Izizathu Zokuthuthukisa Ukubekezelelana
Ezokwelapha zichaza le nto ngokuthi kunezici eziningana ezithinta kabi umzimba:
- ukuncipha kokuqashelwa kanye nezenzo zama-hormone asebekhulile;
- ukuncipha kokugcinwa kwe-insulin yi-pancreas;
- ushintsho oluhlobene nobudala ekuzwisaneni kwezicubu kwi-insulin ye-hormone.
Ukwehla kokuzwela kwezicubu kwe-insulin kubizwa ngokuthi yi-insulin ukumelana. Kungakhula ngenani elikhulu labantu asebekhulile, ikakhulukazi labo abakhuluphele. Uma kungekho ukwelashwa okwanele, kunethuba eliphezulu lokuthola isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Isifo sikashukela asebekhulile singumphumela wokwanda okweqile kokumelana ne-insulin. Okwamanje, odokotela abakwazi ukunikeza impendulo yokugcina yokuthi ukungavikeleki kwe-iziculin kuyinqubo yemvelo ebangelwa ukuguga, noma ukuthi ingabe lesi simo somphumela wendlela yokuphila engenampilo.
Ngenxa yezizathu ezithile zenhlalo nakwezomnotho, abahola impesheni baphoqelelwa ukuthi badle ngokungagculisi, ukudla okunama-kilojoule amaningi aqukethe amazinga aphakeme kakhulu wamafutha wezimboni nama-carbohydrate ayingozi empilweni. Njengomthetho, ekudleni okunjalo akukho amaprotheni anele, i-fiber kanye nama-carbohydrate adonswa isikhathi eside.
Akunakwenzeka ukuthi unganaki izifo ezihambisana nalokhu ezitholakala kubantu asebekhulile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa okuhloswe ngazo ukubalwisa. Le mithi kaningi ingaba nomthelela ongemuhle kumetabolism, okuyi-carbohydrate. Okuyingozi kakhulu ngokubheka kwesifo sikashukela yile elandelayo:
- ama-steroid;
- i-thiazide diuretics;
- izidakamizwa ze-psychotropic;
- beta blockers.
Ukugula okubonakalayo kungadala ukusebenza komzimba okulinganiselwe. Lokhu kufaka izinqubo ezahlukahlukene ze-pathological emaphashini, inhliziyo kanye nesistimu yemisipha. Ngenxa yalezi zinqubo, isisindo semisipha siyancipha, okuba yisidingo sokukhulisa ukumelana ne-insulin.
Uma ushintsha indlela yokuphila enempilo ngokushesha, khona-ke amathuba okuba nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 esegugile ancishiswe kakhulu.
Ukuvikelwa kwe-insulin ephansi
Uma asebekhulile bengenaso isisindo ngokweqile, khona-ke imfuneko yokuqala yesifo sikashukela asebekhulile kuhlobo lwesibili iba yisici ekukhiqizweni kwe-insulin. Kwenzeka okuhlukile ngokuhlukile ngemuva kwesizinda sokukhuluphala - i-insulin izothunyelwa ngokujwayelekile.
Lapho nje umuntu edla ukudla okuphezulu kuma-carbohydrate, izinga likashukela lisuka ngokushesha. Ukukhishwa kwe-insulin ukukhishwa komzimba impendulo yomzimba ekucindezelekeni ngokweqile. Le nqubo yenzeka ngezigaba ezimbili:
- esigabeni sokuqala, ukugcinwa ngokuqinile kwe-insulin kuyabonakala, kuthatha imizuzu eyi-10;
- ngesikhathi sesigaba sesibili, i-hormone ingena ekujuleni kwegazi ngokushelela, kodwa isikhathi eside - ukusuka emahoreni ayi-2 kuye kwayi-2.
Isigaba sokuqala siyadingeka ukukhokha ukugcwala okukhulu koshukela wegazi okwenzeka ngokushesha ngemuva kokudla. Kulokhu, ukudla okunoshukela omningi kungasiza.
Ucwaningo lwakamuva nje lubonise ukuthi kubantu asebekhulile abanesisindo somzimba esijwayelekile, isigaba sokuqala secretion se-insulin sincishisiwe. Lokhu kungenxa kashukela wegazi ophakeme amahora amabili ngemuva kokudla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwimpesheni ene-indices evamile yesisindo, kwancitshiswa umsebenzi wohlobo olukhethekile, oluqinisekisa ukuzwela kwamaseli we-pancreatic beta ekukhuthazeni ushukela.
Isici saso kungenzeka ukuthi sibangelwe yokwehla komkhiqizo we-insulin ukuphendula ukungena kwe ushukela ungene egazini.
Ukwelashwa kanjani?
Ukususa isifo sikashukela esekhulile kungumsebenzi onzima kangako ngenxa yezici eziningana:
- izifo ezihlangana nazo;
- izici zenhlalo (ukusizwa usizo, ubuphofu);
- ukufunda okunzima
- senile dementia (ngesinye isikhathi).
Udokotela uphoqelelwa ukuthi ancome izinhlobo eziningi zezidakamizwa koshukela asebekhulile. Isimo sikhinyabezeka ukungakwazi ukubikezela zonke izinketho zokuxhumana kwezidakamizwa ezinqunyiwe nomunye.
Kulesi sigaba seziguli, kuvame ukuba nokuntuleka kokunamathela ekwelashweni. Bangakwazi ngisho nokunqamula ukunatha imishanguzo futhi baqale ukwelashwa ngezindlela ezihlukile, ezihlala zingabi nomthelela omuhle empilweni.
Uma umuntu onesifo sikashukela esegugile ene-anorexia noma isimo sokucindezela esibucayi, khona-ke ezimweni ezinjalo kukhona ukwephulwa kokutholwa okwanele kwezidakamizwa.
Esigulini ngasinye, kuyadingeka ukusungula inhloso yokwelashwa ngokulandelana komuntu ngamunye. Ngezindlela eziningi, irejimeni yokwelashwa izosuselwa ku:
- izisekelo zokuthuthukisa i-hypoglycemia enzima;
- isikhathi sokuphila;
- ukuba khona kwezinkinga zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi;
- amathuba okuba nezinkinga zesifo sikashukela;
- Izindlela zemisebenzi yengqondo kanye nekhono lokuhambisana nemiyalo kadokotela ohambela udokotela.
Uma isikhathi sokuphila singaphezu kweminyaka emi-5, khona-ke umgomo wokwelapha lapho usukhulile ukufeza inkomba ye-glycated I-hemoglobin ye-HbA1C ingaphansi kwamaphesenti ayi-7. Ngokucabanga kwesikhathi sokuphila esingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5, lesi sibalo kufanele sibe ngaphansi kwamaphesenti ayi-8.
Ukwehlisa ukuhlangana kweglucose egazini likashukela osekhulile kufanele kube kancane futhi kahle.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamaqhinga okulawula okunolaka nokuqina kwamazinga kashukela egazini kuzonikeza imiphumela emibi kuphela. Imvamisa yezimo ezinzima ze-hypoglycemic nokufa kwabantu ngohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela kuzokwanda kuphela.
Ngalesi sizathu, ukuletha i-glucose yegazi ebangeni elijwayelekile kufanele kucatshangelwe futhi izinyanga ezimbalwa.
Ukuqeda isifo sikashukela nezimpawu zaso, iziguli esezikhulile kufanele zilawule:
- izinkomba ze-glucose;
- cholesterol yegazi (ikakhulukazi low-density);
- triglycerides;
- umfutho wegazi
Izinkomba ezikhonjelwe kumele zibe ngaphakathi kwesilinganiso esinqunyelwe. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi kungabandakanywa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga. Lapho uphambuka kokujwayelekile, udokotela uzonikeza isethi yezinyathelo ezifanele:
- Ukudla okwelaphayo;
- ukusetshenziswa kwama-statins;
- izidakamizwa zehypertension.
Kuze kube manje, odokotela bangancoma izindlela ezilandelayo zokwelashwa zalabo asebekhulile abanesifo sikashukela:
- ukwelashwa kwe-insulin;
- ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umuthi (imfundo yokomzimba nokudla);
- ukusetshenziswa kwamathebhulethi alwa nalesi sifo.
Wonke amaphilisi okunciphisa ushukela wegazi kuhloswe ngawo ukulungisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zalesi sifo. Sikhuluma ngokuzwela okukhulayo kwezicubu ethonyeni le-insulin ye-hormone nokukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwayo (ikakhulukazi kwesigaba sokuqala), ukubuyiselwa komphumela wama-hormone athile ama-incretins kuma-pancreas.
Umuthi wesimanje ukwazile ukulwa ngempumelelo nesifo sikashukela ngokusungulwa kwemithi yakamuva eqenjini le-incretin. Ngaphansi kwazo kufanele kuqondwe i-dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (glyptins) nama-mimetics nama-analogues we-GLP-1.
Ukudla okune-carb ephansi kwabanesifo sikashukela kuzoba okusebenzayo. Uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka okukhulu kwezinso, khona-ke lokho kudla kuyonqatshwa. Kwezinye izimo, ukudla okulinganiselayo kuzosiza ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezempilo futhi kugcinwe amazinga kashukela ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ejwayelekile. Ukwahluka ekugxilweni kwe-glucose kuzokhishwa ngaphandle, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwezimo ze-hypoglycemic kuncishisiwe.
