I-LDL isizungu esincane se-lipoprotein cholesterol. Luhlobo lokuhamba phambili lwe-cholesterol emzimbeni. Le nto ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-p-lipoproteins, akhiwa amathumbu amancane nesibindi.
Egazini lomuntu, i-cholesterol ye-LDL ithwala amafutha (kufaka phakathi i-cholesterol) kusuka kuseli kuya kwesinye. Kunombono wokuthi inkomba ye-LDL ihlobana kakhulu nethuba lokukhula kwe-atherosclerosis kunamazinga we-cholesterol ephelele. Ezokwelapha zichaza lokhu iqiniso lokuthi yile ngxenye ebhekele ukungena kwe-cholesterol kuzo zonke izitho nemikhumbi.
Njengoba kunikezwe isimo se-pathological of the vascular endothelium, esivele ngenxa yezici ezahlukahlukene (i-Homocysteine ephezulu, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, izinhlayiya zentuthu kagwayi, ongene emzimbeni lapho ubhema)
Amaseli we-LDL wezindonga zemithambo yegazi. Futhi, ziguqulwa ngaphansi kwethonya lezimo zasekhaya zenqubo yokuvuvukala kanye nokwakheka kwama-atherosulinotic plaque anciphisa i-lumen emikhunjini futhi kubangele i-thrombosis, okuyingozi enkulu yesifo sikashukela i-mellitus.
Izici ezingaba sengozi zokuqalwa kwe-atherosulinosis zibandakanya:
- iminyaka yamadoda kusuka eminyakeni engama-45, nabesifazane abavela kuma-55;
- ifa (amacala okuhlasela kwenhliziyo noma ukufa okungazelelwe kwamadoda angaphansi kweminyaka engama-55 nabesifazane abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-65);
- isifo sikashukela mellitus;
- ukubhema;
- umfutho wegazi ophakeme
Uma okungenani eyodwa yalezi zici zobungozi ivela, khona-ke izinkomba ezifiselekayo ze-LDL cholesterol esegazini kuzoba yilezo ezingezansi kwe-3.37 μmol / L.
Onke amanani asebangeni ukusuka ku-3.37 kuya ku-4,12 μmol / L azobhekwa njengengozi ekuthuthukiseni i-atherosclerosis ngokulinganisela. Yonke leyo mininingwane ezoba ngaphezulu kuka-4,14 mmol / l izothathwa njengengozi ephezulu yezingozi zesifo senhliziyo, kanye ne-atherosclerosis.
Yini ukubaluleka kokuhlaziywa kwe-LDL?
Njengoba sekushiwo, i-low density lipoprotein cholesterol ihlobana kakhulu nethuba lokukhula kwe-atherosclerosis. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kubaluleke kakhulu okokuqala ukuthola ukuthi ngabe kungokwesigaba esithile.
Ngokubona lokhu, kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa i-cholesterol ye-LDL, e-atherogenic enkulu ngasizathu simbe.
I-cholesterol ye-LDL ithwala i-2/3 yenani elipheleleyo le-plasma futhi iyinhlayiya ecebe kakhulu ku-cholesterol. Okuqukethwe kwayo kungafinyelela amaphesenti angama-45 noma ngisho nama-50.
Ngokunquma i-beta-cholesterol, odokotela banqunywa ngale ndlela nge-LDL cholesterol. Usayizi wezinhlayiya zawo uzoba cishe ama-21-25 nm, ovumela i-cholesterol ephansi (i-HDL) ukuthi ingene ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi kanye nobukhulu obukhulu. Uma i-HDL ingasuswa ngokushesha ezindongeni ngomgoqo we-endothelial, isiza ukuqeda amafutha, khona-ke i-LDL ibambezeleka kubo isikhathi eside. Lokhu kungenxa yokuhambisana nokukhetha kwamaseli wemisipha ebushelelezi nama-glucose-aminoglycans.
I-cholesterol ye-LDL ifomu lokuhamba phambili le-cholesterol, elidingekayo ezindongeni zeseli yemithambo. Lapho izimo ze-pathological zenzeka, iba ngumthombo wokuqongelwa kwe-cholesterol ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi.
Ngalesi sizathu, kuhlobo lwesibili lwe-hyperlipoproteinemia, ebonakala ngamazinga aphezulu e-beta-cholesterol, kusenesikhathi kakhulu futhi kushiwo ngokweqile i-atherosclerosis, kanye nesifo senhliziyo.
Ukutholwa kwe-cholesterol ye-LDL kuba nokufundisa. Uma ukuphambuka okubalulekile kokujwayelekile kuphawuliwe, khona-ke singakhuluma ngezinkinga ezinkulu zempilo.
Yikuphi ukugula okwenziwa yi-cholesterol ye-LDL?
Kunezinkomba eziningana zokuhlaziywa kwe-LDL cholesterol, isibonelo:
- isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi nokugula okuthile okuhambisana nakho (i-myocardial infarction, isifo senhliziyo);
- isifo sesibindi
- izifundo zokuhlola ezenzeka njengengxenye yezinye izindlela zokuthola iphrofayili yomuntu ye-lipid.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-cholesterol ye-LDL kuyadingeka ukuhlola noma ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwesibindi, kanye nezitho zesistimu yenhliziyo. Lokhu kuhlaziywa akunikezeli ukulungiselela okukhethekile.
Udinga nje ukukhiqiza esiswini esingenalutho, futhi isidlo sokugcina akufanele senziwe ngaphambi kwamahora we-12-14 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa okuhlongozwayo.
Esikhungweni sezokwelapha, i-serum yegazi izothathwa, futhi ukuhlaziya kuzothatha amahora angama-24.
Ungasusa kanjani imiphumela ngokwakho?
Ukuze wazi imiphumela yokuhlaziywa ngaphambi kokuvakashela udokotela wakho, kufanele usebenzise itafula elingezansi. K; Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunedivayisi yokulinganisa i-cholesterol, ukuze ekhaya ukwazi ukuthola impendulo kokuqukethwe kwayo.
Indlela yokuzimisela, ethathwe njengesisekelo, isibalo ngokuya ngefomyula yeFriedwald. Amanani asetshenzisiwe kwakungu:
- i-cholesterol ephelele;
- triglycerides;
- I-cholesterol ye-HDL.
Amanani we-LDL nge-triglyceridemia ebalulekile (enkulu kune-5.0 - 5.5 mmol / L) azothathwa njeng ancishisiwe njengamanga.
Amanani Wenkomba:
| Iminyaka yobudala | Ubulili | I-Cholesterol-LDL, mmol / L |
| Iminyaka engama-5- 10 | Indoda | 1,63-3,34 |
| Owesifazane | 1,76-3,63 | |
| Iminyaka eyi-10-15 | Indoda | 1,66-3,44 |
| Owesifazane | 1,76-3,52 | |
| Iminyaka eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-20 | Indoda | 1,61-3,37 |
| Owesifazane | 1,53-3,55 | |
| Iminyaka engama-20-25 | Indoda | 1,71-3,81 |
| Owesifazane | 1,48-4,12 | |
| Iminyaka engama-25-30 ubudala | Indoda | 1,81-4,27 |
| Owesifazane | 1,84-4,25 | |
| Iminyaka engama-30- 35 ubudala | Indoda | 2,02-4,79 |
| Owesifazane | 1,81-4,04 | |
| Iminyaka engama-35- 40 | Indoda | 2,10-4,90 |
| Owesifazane | 1,94-4,45 | |
| Iminyaka engama-40-45 | Indoda | 2,25-4,82 |
| Owesifazane | 1,92-4,51 | |
| Iminyaka engama-45-50 ubudala | Indoda | 2,51-5,23 |
| Owesifazane | 2,05-4,82 | |
| Iminyaka engama-50-55 | Indoda | 2,31-5,10 |
| Owesifazane | 2,28-5,21 | |
| Iminyaka engama-55-60 ubudala | Indoda | 2,28-5,26 |
| Owesifazane | 2,31-5,44 | |
| Iminyaka engama-60-65 ubudala | Indoda | 2,15-5,44 |
| Owesifazane | 2,59-5,80 | |
| Iminyaka engama-65-70 ubudala | Indoda | 2,54-5,44 |
| Owesifazane | 2,38-5,72 | |
| > Iminyaka engama-70 | Indoda | 2,49-5,34 |
| Owesifazane | 2,49-5,34 |
Uma, ngenxa yocwaningo, kutholakale imininingwane engaphezulu kwesilinganiso esimisiwe, khona-ke kulokhu singakhuluma ngezifo:
- i-jaundice evimbayo;
- ukukhuluphala;
- ifa eliyinhloko I-hypercholesterolemia (izinhlobo ze-hyperlipoproteinemia IA, kanye nezinhlobo ze-IIB), izilonda zakuqala zemikhumbi ye-coronary, tendon xanthoma;
- isifo sikashukela mellitus;
- i-hypothyroidism;
- I-nephrotic syndrome, kanye nokwehluleka kwezinso ku-mlando;
- i-anorexia nervosa;
- I-Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome.
Izinkomba ze-Overestimated zizoba futhi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa (ama-diuretics, amaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo, ama-androgens, ama-glucocorticosteroids, ama-progestin), kanye nokudla okwakugcwele kakhulu ngama-lipids ne-cholesterol.
Inkomba engezansi kokujwayelekile izoba yinto yezimpawu ezinjalo:
- i-hyperthyroidism;
- Isifo sikaReine;
- i-anemia engapheli;
- ukungalingani okuyinhloko kwe-metabolism yamafutha (hypobetaproteinemia, abetaproteinemia, ukuntuleka kwe-alpha-lipoprotein, ukuntuleka kwe-LAT (lecithin cholesterol acyl synetatase), uhlobo 1 hyperlipoproteinemia, ukuntuleka kwe-lipoprotein lipase cofactor);
- izinkinga ze-lipid metabolism;
- ukucindezela okukhulu;
- isifo samathambo;
- i-myeloma
- izinkinga ezingapheli zezinso.
Omunye umphumela onjalo uzotholwa ngokusetshenziswa kwezidakwamizwa ezithile (i-lovastatin, i-interferon, i-cholestyramine, i-thyroxine, i-neomycin, i-estrogen), kanye nokudla okune-asidi yama-polyunsaturated fatty acid, kepha ompofu kuma-lipids ne-cholesterol.
