Abantu baqala ukukhiqiza futhi basebenzise ababambele abanye ushukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Futhi impikiswano yokuthi lezi zithasiselo zokudla ziyadingeka yini noma ziyingozi azikaze ziqhubeke kuze kube namuhla.
Inqwaba yezikhala zikashukela ayinangozi nakancane futhi ivumela abantu abaningi okungafanele basebenzise ushukela baphile impilo egcwele. Kepha kukhona ezingakwenza uzizwe kabi, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanohlobo 1 nesifo sikashukela.
Le ndatshana izosiza umfundi ukuthi athole ukuthi yiziphi izithambisi ezingasetshenziswa, futhi yiziphi ezingcono kakhulu ukwenqaba uhlobo 1 lwesifo sikashukela.
Ama-sweeteners ahlukaniswe:
- Ngokwemvelo.
- Okokwakha.
Ezemvelo zifaka:
- i-sorbitol;
- i-fructose;
- i-xylitol;
- stevia.
Ngaphezu kwe-stevia, amanye ama-sweeteners aphezulu kakhulu kilojoule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-xylitol ne-sorbitol cishe ziphindwe kathathu ushukela ngokuya kobumnandi, ngakho-ke usebenzisa omunye wale mikhiqizo, kufanele ugcine ukubalwa okuqinile kakhalori.
Ezigulini ezinokukhuluphala nohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela, zalezi zidakamizwa, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-stevia kuphela, njengoba kungenabungozi kakhulu.
Ama-sweeteners Artificial
- i-saccharin;
- i-aspartame;
- cyclamate.
I-Xylitol
Isakhiwo samakhemikhali se-xylitol yi-pentitol (utshwala be-pentatomic). Yenziwe ngeziqu zommbila noma ngokhuni lodoti.
Uma ngokweyunithi yokulinganisa ubumnandi sithatha ukunambitheka komoba ojwayelekile noma ushukela we-beet, khona-ke ku-xylitol ukubumbana kobumnandi kusondele ku-0.9-1.0; futhi inani layo lamandla yi-3.67 kcal / g (15.3 kJ / g). Kulokhu kulandela ukuthi i-xylitol ingumkhiqizo onekhalori ephezulu.
ISorbitol
ISorbitol yi-hexitol (utshwala obunama-atom ayisithupha). Umkhiqizo unelinye igama - i-sorbitol. Esimweni sayo semvelo sitholakala ngezithelo namajikijolo, umlotha wentaba ucebile ikakhulukazi kuwo. I-Sorbitol itholakala ngokusebenzisa i-oxidation ye-glucose.
Unguhlobo olungenamibala, i-crystalline powder, olunambitheka ngokunambitheka, olunyibilikiswa kakhulu emanzini, futhi lumelana nokubila. Ihlobene noshukela ojwayelekile, ubumnandi be-xylitol busukela ku-0,48 kuye ku-0.54.
Futhi inani lamandla womkhiqizo lingama-3.5 kcal / g (14.7 kJ / g), okusho ukuthi, njenge-sweetener yangaphambilini, i-sorbitol ephezulu kakhulu ikhalori, futhi uma isiguli esinohlobo 2 sikashukela sizokwehla isisindo, khona-ke ukukhetha akulungile.
Uhlaka nezinye izinto
Noma ngenye indlela - ushukela wezithelo. Kungokwe-monosaccharides yeqembu le-ketohexosis. Kuyisici esibalulekile sama-oligosaccharides nama-polysaccharides. Kutholakala emvelweni kuju, izithelo, umpe.
I-Fructose itholakala nge-enzymatic noma i-acid hydrolysis yama-fructosans noma ushukela. Umkhiqizo weqa ushukela obumnandi ngezikhathi ezingama-1,3-1,8, futhi inani lawo lekhalori ngu-3.75 kcal / g.
Ungu-soluble wamanzi, i-powder emhlophe. Lapho i-fructose isifudunyezwa, iguqula izingxenye zayo.
Ukufakwa kwe-fructose emathunjini kuhamba kancane, kukhulisa ezitolo ze-glycogen ezicutshini futhi kunomthelela we-antiketogenic. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uma ushukela uthathelwa indawo nge-fructose, lokhu kuzoholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu engcupheni yamakholari, okungukuthi, kuyaqondakala. ukuthi ukulimala nezinzuzo ze-fructose zikhona eceleni.
Imiphumela emibi yokudla i-fructose ifaka ukwenzeka ezimweni ezingandile ze-flatulence.
Isimo esivumelekile sansuku zonke se-fructose singama-50 amagremu. Kunconyelwa iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela esinxephekile kanye nokuthambekela kwe-hypoglycemia.
UStevia
Lesi sitshalo singesomndeni wakwa-Asteraceae futhi unegama lesibili - i-bifolia emnandi. Namuhla, ukunakwa kwezazi zesayensi yezempilo kanye nososayensi abavela emazweni ahlukene kuthunyelwe kulesi sitshalo esimangalisayo. IStevia iqukethe ama-glycosides aphansi anekhalori enambitheka kamnandi, kukholelwa ukuthi akukho lutho olungcono kune-stevia yabanesifo sikashukela sanoma yiluphi uhlobo.
I-Sugarol ingukukhishwa kwamaqabunga e-stevia. Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi yonke ye-deterpene purly purely ehlanzekile. Ushukela uvezwa ngesimo se-powder emhlophe, emelana nokushisa futhi inyibilika kakhulu emanzini.
Igremu elilodwa lalo mkhiqizo wobumnandi lilingana nama-300 amagremu kashukela ojwayelekile. Ukuba nokunambitheka okumnandi kakhulu, ushukela awukhulisi ushukela wegazi futhi awunawo inani lamandla, ngakho-ke kuyacaca ukuthi yimuphi umkhiqizo olungele isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2
Izifundo zokwelapha nezokuhlolwa azitholanga imiphumela emibi ku-sucrose. Ngaphezu komphumela wobumnandi, i -velo yokwemvelo ye-stevia inezici eziningi ezinhle ezilungele abanesifo sikashukela sanoma yiluphi uhlobo:
- hypotensive;
- i-diuretic;
- antimicrobial;
- i-antifungal.
I-Cyclamate
I-cyclamate ingusawoti we-sodium we-cyclohexylaminosulfate. I-powder encibilikayo, enamanzi kancane ne-aftertaste encane.
Kufika kuma-2600C cyclamate izinzile ngamakhemikhali. Ngobumnandi, idlula i-sucrose izikhathi ezingama-25-30, bese kuthi i-cyclamate ingeniswe kumajusi nakwezinye izixazululo ezinama-asidi e-organic ayi-80 izikhathi ezimnandi. Imvamisa ihlanganiswa ne-saccharin ngesilinganiso se-10: 1.
Isibonelo umkhiqizo "I-Tsukli". Imithamo evikelekile yomuthi nsuku zonke ingama-5-10 mg.
ISachcharin
Umkhiqizo ufundwe kahle, futhi ubesetshenziswa njenge-sweetener iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu. I-sulfobenzoic acid isuselwa lapho usawoti omhlophe ehlukaniswe yedwa umhlophe.
Le yi-saccharin - impuphu ebabayo kancane, inyibilika emanzini. Ukunambitheka okumunyu kuhlala emlonyeni isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke sebenzisa inhlanganisela ye-saccharin ne-dextrose buffer.
ISachcharin ithola ukunambitheka okumunyu lapho kubilisiwe, ngenxa yalokhu, kungcono ukungabilisi umkhiqizo, kodwa ukuwungcolisa emanzini afudumele bese ungeza ekudleni okulungile. Ubumnandi, 1 igremu le-Saccharin ngama-450 amagremu kashukela, alungele kakhulu isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Umuthi udonswa amathumbu cishe ngokuphelele futhi ekujuleni okukhulu kuqongelela izicubu nezitho zomzimba. Okuningi kwakho kuqukethwe ebangeni.
Mhlawumbe ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izilwane ezivivinyayo ezahlolwa umdlavuza wesincharin. Kepha ucwaningo olwengeziwe luvuselele umuthi, okufakazela ukuthi luphephile ngokuphelele.
Aspartame
I-L-phenylalanine ester dipeptide ne-aspartic acid. I-soluble kahle emanzini, i-powder emhlophe, elahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwayo okumnandi ngesikhathi se-hydrolysis. I-Aspartame idlula i-sucrose ngezikhathi ezingama-150-200 ngobumnandi.
Ungayikhetha kanjani i-kilojoule ephansi? Kuyisisekelo sawo! Ukusetshenziswa kwe-aspartame akulungile ekuthuthukiseni ama-caries, futhi ukuhlanganiswa kwayo ne-saccharin kuthuthukisa ubumnandi.
Umkhiqizo wethebhulethi obizwa nge- "Slastilin" uyatholakala. Ithebhulethi elilodwa liqukethe amagremu 0,018 wesidakamizwa esisebenzayo. Kufika ku-50 mg / kg wesisindo somzimba kungadliwa ngosuku ngaphandle kwengozi empilweni.
Ku-phenylketonuria, "Slastilin" icashunwe. Labo abahlushwa ukuqwasha, isifo sikaParkinson, umfutho wegazi ophakeme kufanele bathathe i-aspartame ngokuqapha, ukuze bangazibangeli zonke izinhlobo zokuphazamiseka kwemizwa.
