Uhlobo 1 sikashukela mellitus: izimpawu, ukudla kanye nokuvinjwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo I

Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule, isifo sikashukela sasibhekwa njengesifo esihlobene nobudala - esemncane, bambalwa abahlaselwa yiso. Ngeshwa, eminyakeni yamuva kuye kwaba nomkhuba wokukhulisa isifo sikashukela besebancane. Izizathu zokukhula kwalesi sifo kubantu asebekhulile kanye nakubantu abasha ziyahlukahluka: uma ngeminyaka lokhu kufaka isandla ekunciphiseni jikelele kwemisebenzi yomzimba, kufaka phakathi i-pancreas, khona-ke emzimbeni omncane lokhu kungenxa yokushoda kwe-insulin. Phambilini, lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela lwalubizwa ngokuthi - "i-mellitus yesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin." Manje sekuyinsakavukela - uhlobo 1 sikashukela. Kuyisifo se-metabolic esibonakala nge-hyperglycemia.

Uhlu lwamagama: I-hyperglycemia iyisibonakaliso somtholampilo esikhombisa okuqukethwe okukhulayo kwe-glucose (ushukela) kwi-serum yegazi.

Umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nohlobo 2 sikashukela ukuthi esimweni sesibili, umzimba ungakhiqiza ngokuzimela i-insulin futhi, ngenxa yalokho, unciphise ushukela wegazi kancane kancane. Kuhlobo lokuqala lwesifo, i-insulin ayakhiqizwa ngokuzimela kanti isiguli sincike ngqo ekuthatheni izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela kanye nemijovo ye-insulin.

Uhlobo lwe-1 yesifo sikashukela esivame kakhulu kuqala ngenkambo yesifo esibi kangangokuba isiguli sikwazi ngisho nokusho usuku lapho kwavela khona izimpawu zokuqala ze-hyperglycemia:

• Umlomo owomile;
• Umile;
• Ukuchama okusheshayo.

Ukwehla kwesisindo okubukhali, kwesinye isikhathi okufika ku-10-15 kg ngenyanga, kungenye yezimpawu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1.

Ukuqinisekisa ukutholwa, kuthathwa ukuhlaziywa kwe-biochemical kwegazi nomchamo. Uma ukuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuthi kunoshukela wegazi ophakeme, kanti i-acetone noshukela kukhona emchameni, ukuxilongwa kuyaqinisekiswa.

Uhlobo 1 sikashukela luyisifo se-autoimmune, futhi luvame ukuhlanganiswa nezifo ezifanayo - dlulisela ubuthi obunesihlungu (isifo se-Graves), i-autoimmune thyroiditis.

Inkambo yalesi sifo

Naphezu kokuqala kakhulu, isifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin sikhula kancane. Isikhathi sokugcina, kwesinye isikhathi sithatha iminyaka eminingana. Futhi yilapho kuphela ukubhujiswa kwama-β-cell kufinyelela ku-80% lapho izimpawu zomtholampilo ziqala ukuvela.

Uhlu lwamagama: β - amaseli - enye yezinhlobo zamaseli ama-endocrine pancreas. Amangqamuzana e-Beta akhiqiza i-insulin ye-hormone, eyehlisela ushukela wegazi.

Ekuthuthukisweni kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, kuhlukaniswa izigaba eziyisithupha:

1. Isigaba sokuqagela izakhi zofuzo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi yi-2-5% kuphela yabantu abanesibalo sofuzo sokuthayipha isifo sikashukela esi-1 abayitholayo ngempela. Ukuthola idatha ethembekile ekuqageleni kwalesi sifo, kubalulekile ukwenza ucwaningo lophawu lofuzo lwalesi sifo. Ukuba khona kwama-antigen we-HLA kubonisa ukuthi ingozi yokuba nesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin sikhulu impela. E-serum, le nto yokumaka ivela eminyakeni engama-5 ukuya kwengama-10 ngaphambi kokubonakaliswa kwesifo okokuqala nje.
2. Ukuqala kwenqubo ye-autoimmune. Izici zangaphandle ezingenza ukuqala kwesifo zingaba yizifo ezibangelwa amagciwane (ama-mumps, i-rubella, i-cytomegalovirus), umuthi, ingcindezi, umsoco - ukusetshenziswa kwengxube yobisi namaprotheni ezilwane ekwakhiweni, imikhiqizo equkethe ama-nitrosamines. Ezimweni ezingama-60%, bekuyizici zangaphandle ezaba yisiqalo sendlela yokuqalwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. I-pancreatic insulin secretion ayikakhubazeki ngalesi sigaba, kepha ukuhlolwa kwe-immunological sekuvele kunquma ubukhona bama-antibodies.
3. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga zokugonywa. Kwesinye isikhathi kuthiwa yi-insulin engamahlalakhona. Okwamanje, azikho izinguquko ezibangelwa yi-metabolic, kepha ukubhujiswa kancane kancane kwamaseli we-beta kuqala ukwenzeka. Egazini kukhona ama-anti-antibodies athize ezakhiweni ezahlukahlukene ze-β-cell - anti-antibodies to insulin. Isiteji asinazo izimpawu zokuziphatha. Esimweni sokuxilongwa (imvamisa isivivinyo sokubekezelela i-glucose), kulahleka isigaba sesigaba sokuqala secretion ye-insulin.
4. Izinkinga ezinkulu zokugonywa - isifo sikashukela se-latent. Yize ukubekezelelwa kweglucose kuphazamiseka, azikho izimpawu zomtholampilo zesifo sikashukela. Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela kwe-glucose yomlomo kukhombisa ukwanda kwe-glucose esheshayo, okubangelwa ukubhujiswa cishe kwengxenye yama-β-cell. Imvamisa iziguli ezikulesi sigaba zikhala nge-malaise, i-furunculosis ephindaphindekayo, i-conjunctivitis.
5. Isifo sikashukela esichaziwe sohlobo lokuqala ngokufihlwa okusalayo kwe-insulin. Kulesi sigaba, zonke izinkomba zomtholampilo zalesi sifo zibonakaliswa ngokuphelele. Lesi sifo sibi kakhulu - ngaphandle kokwelashwa okuyikho, ngemuva kwamasonto amabili kuba nesimo esibulalayo - iketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela. Ukubhujiswa kwama-β-cell kufinyelela ku-80-90%, kodwa-ke, imfihlo eseleyo ye-insulin isalondoloziwe. Uma kuqala ukwelashwa kwe-insulin okufika ngesikhathi, kwezinye iziguli kuqala inkathi yenkambo ezinzile yesifo - i- "honeymoon", ebonakala ngesidingo esincane se-insulin yangaphandle.
6. Sula i-mellitus yesifo sikashukela enokuntuleka ngokuphelele kwe-insulin - ushukela ophelele. Ukubhujiswa kwama-β-cell kufinyelele ezingeni elibucayi, ukugcinwa kwe-insulin kumiswe ngokuphelele ngumzimba. I-metabolism ejwayelekile ayinakwenzeka ngaphandle kwemithamo ejwayelekile ye-insulin.

Hhayi kuzo zonke izimo zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, ukuthuthukiswa okunjalo kwesigaba kuyabonakala.

Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin

Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kungukudla okuqinile nokujovwa kakhulu kwe-insulin noma ukuphuza izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela. Ngeshwa, isifo sikashukela asilona ikhambi. Injongo yokwelapha ukugcina ukusebenza okujwayelekile komzimba nokuvimbela ukuvela kwezinkinga.

Uma umthamo we-insulin ubalwa kahle, akukho mehluko okhethekile ovela kumenyu yomuntu ojwayelekile. Umehluko obalulekile isidingo sokubala inani lama-carbohydrate adayiswa kalula. Lokhu kukuvumela ukubala inani elidingekayo le-insulin ngokunembe ngangokunokwenzeka.

Izimiso zokudla okunempilo:

• Ukudla kufanele kube nokwehlukahlukana ngangokunokwenzeka;
• Ukudla okufanele - okungenani izikhathi ezine ngosuku, ngezingxenye ezincane;
• Isilinganiso esijwayelekileko sokudla ngama-kilojoule angama-500-600, uma kunesidingo sokunciphisa isisindo, bese kuthi esingaphansi kakhulu;
• Inani lama-carbohydrate lingandiswa ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca ngokomzimba - uhambo oluya ezweni, ukuqeqeshwa;
• Kuyadingeka ukunikeza ukukhetha ezitsheni ezinamafutha. Amafutha, okuthosiwe, okubunjiwe, okubhemayo - kuphela ngesilinganiso esilinganiselwe.

Kubalulekile! Musa ukweqa ukudla onesifo sikashukela kunoma yikuphi. Njengokuzidla ngokweqile.

Ukunakwa ikakhulukazi kufanele kukhokhwe kwimikhiqizo enezinambuzane - ezinye zazo ziqukethe kilojoule omncane kunoshukela. Ama-sweeteners wekhalori ephansi afaka i-aspartame, i-saccharide, i-stevioside, i-cyclamate. I-Fructose, i-xylitol ne-sorbitol aqukethe amakhalori amaningi. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ama-sweeteners ayabhekwa lapho kubalwa imithamo ye-insulin, futhi akuyona yonke into elula, ukulimala nezinzuzo ze-fructose cishe kuyafana!

Kunzima ikakhulukazi ukunamathela ekudleni kwezingane ezigulayo nasentsheni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwabazali, ukubheka njalo kuyadingeka ukuze ingane ingadli ekudleni okuvinjelwe futhi kungazibangeli izinkinga ezinkulu.

Imikhiqizo engavunyelwe ngokuphelele ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala: ushokoledi, amabhisikidi, ushukela, ujamu, amaswidi nokunye, okuqukethe inani elikhulu kakhulu lama-carbohydrate egaya ukudla. Yezithelo - zomvini.

Umthamo we-insulin kufanele ubalwe ekudleni ngakunye futhi nsuku zonke, noma ngabe imenyu yezolo ayihlukile kakhulu namhlanje. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isidingo se-insulin singashintsha phakathi nosuku.

Ukunaka! Utshwala!

Imithamo emincane yotshwala yohlobo 1 sikashukela ayinqunyelwe. Ingozi yokuphuza utshwala kulokhu okulandelayo lapho umuntu edakiwe, akakwazi ukulawula isimo sakhe futhi angaziboni ngaso sonke isikhathi izimpawu eziyingozi zokukhuphuka ushukela wegazi ngesikhathi futhi angakwazi ukwenza umjovo we-insulin.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo se-hypoglycemic kanye nezimpawu zaso kuyahambisana nezimpawu zokudakwa - inkulumo edidekile, ukuhlangana okungahambi kahle kokunyakaza. Futhi uma lesi simo siqale endaweni yomphakathi, iphunga lotshwala alivumeli abanye ukuthi bahlole ingozi empilweni yabantu ngesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi esidingekayo ukusindisa impilo siyaphuthelwa.

Umsebenzi womzimba

Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kuyinto yesimo esibaluleke kakhulu sempilo ejwayelekile yanoma yimuphi umuntu. Ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, ukuzivocavoca akuphikiswa, kepha kunemithetho ethile yokuyenza iwusizo emzimbeni.

1. Umthetho wokuqala. Ukuzivocavoca komzimba kungenziwa kuphela ngokubhekene nesizinda sesinxephezelo sesikhathi eside sesifo sikashukela. Ezingeni likashukela wegazi elingaphezu kuka-15 mmol / l, ukuzivocavoca umzimba kuyaphulwa.
2. Umthetho wesibili. Ngemithwalo esebenzayo - imfundo yasemzimbeni, ukubhukuda, ngisho ne-disco - udinga ukudla u-1 X.E. njalo ngesigamu sehora. ngaphezu kwalokho. Kungaba ucezu lwesinkwa, i-apula.
3. Umthetho wesithathu. Uma ukuvivinya umzimba isikhathi eside ngokwanele, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa umthamo we-insulin ngo-20-50%. Uma i-hypoglycemia isazenza yazizwa, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuyinxephezela ngokuthatha kalula ama-carbohydrate angagayeki - ujusi, iziphuzo ezinoshukela
4. Rule Isine Ukuvivinya umzimba kwenziwa kangcono emahoreni ambalwa ngemuva kokudla main. Ngalesi sikhathi, amathuba okukhula kwe-hypoglycemia aphansi.
5. Umthetho wesihlanu. Umsebenzi wokuzivocavoca kufanele unake izici zomuntu ngamunye ogulayo - ubudala, ukuqina, impilo ejwayelekile.

Qiniseka ukuthi uphuza isilinganiso esanele soketshezi, ngoba ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca ukulahlekelwa uketshezi emzimbeni kuyanda. Udinga ukuqeda amakilasi ngokunciphisa ubungako bokuzivocavoca, ushukumisela kokuzolile. Lokhu kuzovumela umzimba ukuthi wehlise umoya kancane bese ungene kumodi yokusebenza evuselelekayo.