Ama-pancreas unesibopho sokwenza i-peptide hormone insulin. Kepha uma ukwephulwa kwenzeka emzimbeni, ayikwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yayo, ephoqa odokotela ukuthi basebenzise i-insulin therapy. Muva nje, amaphilisi e-insulin abonakala njengamaphupho angenakufinyeleleka kubantu abanesifo sikashukela. Ukufakwa kwakudingeka, ngoba lapho kuthathwa ngomlomo, into esemqoka ayizange ingene kumaseli nezicubu ezidingekayo, ihlukaniswa umgudu wokugaya ukudla. Kepha ososayensi bakwa-Israyeli nabaseDenmark bakwazile ukubhekana nale nkinga. Yiluphi uhlobo lokuqamba lolu hlobo, futhi ngabe yisiphi isiguli singashintsha kalula sisuka ku-insulin siye kumathebhulethi? Ingabe kukhona okuphula umthetho nemikhawulo yokwamukelwa?
Ukuvela kwe-insulin kwifomu lethebhulethi
Uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-carbohydrate metabolism, iziguli ziphoqelelwa ukuba zijova njalo amalungiselelo e-insulin. Ngenxa yokwakheka okunganele, le protein ayinikezeli i-glucose kwizicubu, ngenxa yalokho umsebenzi wazo cishe zonke izitho nezinhlelo ziphazamisekile. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokudla, ukugcwala kwezinto ezi-glycosylating kuyanda. Uma ama-pancreas eqala ukusebenza ngenkuthalo futhi ekhiqiza i-insulin emzimbeni onempilo ngesikhathi sokuqukethwe kwabo, khona-ke le nqubo iyaphazamiseka kwabanesifo sikashukela.
Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kusiza ukunxephezela ukungabikho kwe-hormone, ukuvikela i-hyperglycemia kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga zesifo sikashukela. Ukuphathwa okuhleliwe kwe-insulin kubalulekile kubantu abanohlobo 1 futhi kwesinye isikhathi uthayipha isifo sikashukela esi-2. Ngenxa yentuthuko yesayensi, manje sekuno-insulin ngendlela yamathebulethi, engenza lula impilo yabanesifo sikashukela futhi igweme imijovo yansuku zonke.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuthatha i-hormone kwifomu lethebhulethi akwenziwa ngemijovo. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, odokotela bavame ukunquma izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela. Kodwa-ke, azithathwa njenge-insulin futhi zingelinye iqembu lemithi okudingeka ukuthi iqondwe iziguli.
Umphumela kanye nenzuzo yamathebulethi
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ngomuthi omusha, bonke ababambe iqhaza abathathe i-insulin ezibhebheni baphawula izici eziningi ezinhle zale ndlela yokwelapha:
Isifo sikashukela nokucindezela kuzoba yinto yesikhathi esedlule
- Ukwehlela ushukela -95%
- Ukuqedwa kwe-vein thrombosis - 70%
- Ukuqedwa kokushaya kwenhliziyo okuqinile -90%
- Ukuqeda umfutho wegazi ophakeme - 92%
- Ukwanda kwamandla ngesikhathi sosuku, ngcono ukulala ebusuku -97%
- ukuntuleka kobuhlungu;
- ukuqeda ukulandela imijovo, izibazi, ukuvuvukala, i-hematomas endaweni yomjovo wokulungiselela uketshezi;
- ukuphepha kokusetshenziswa;
- amandla okuthatha i-insulin lapho kunesidingo, kungakhathalekile isikhathi nesikhathi;
- ukugcinwa kalula (amaphilisi ngaphandle kokwesaba angafakwa esikhwameni, esikhwameni, njll.);
- ukuntuleka kwesidingo sokuthwala izesekeli zemijovo.
Ukuhlala kahle kwalabo ababambe iqhaza ocwaningweni lapho beshintsha indlela yokwelashwa ngethebhulethi akuzange konakalise, ngoba umphumela womuthi uqhubeka isikhathi eside kunakuqala kwemijovo.
I-insulin ngokwayo iprotheni eyakhiwe emathunjini amancane. Inkinga enkulu yamathebulethi, ababhekisi phambili ababhekana nayo, kwakuwukubhujiswa kwejusi labo lesisu. Ososayensi balithatha leli qiniso futhi bakha igobolondo esikhumbeni, esingagaywa yisisu, kodwa siya ngqo emathunjini amancane, lapho liqala ukusebenza khona.
Ukuvimbela i-insulin ukuthi ihlakazwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi yi-enzyme yamathumbu, amaphilisi aqukethe i-enzyme nama-polysaccharides. Ukusebenzisana nama-pectins, avumela into ye-insulin ukuthi ihlalelwe odongeni lwesibeletho. Kwakungumzuzu lo owavumela i-insulin ukuthi ingene egazini futhi ifinyelele kwizitho ezidingekayo (isibonelo, isibindi) esimweni esingashintshiwe.
Lapho uthatha amaphilisi e-insulin, ufaka izicubu zesibindi ngendlela edingeka ngayo. Kuthuthwa kuhanjiswa egazini, njengabantu abaphilile. Kungakho i-insulin ngendlela yamathebulethi iyisakhi esihle kakhulu esisiza umuntu ukulwa nokugula okumnandi ngendlela yemvelo.
Kungenzeka yini ukwenqaba umjovo we-insulin
Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi umuthi wokudla nokunakekela kwesinye isikhathi ungayeka ukwehlisa ushukela. Ngakho-ke, kufanele usiqaphe njalo isimo sakho futhi usebenzise i-glucometer. Ukugcinwa kwama-B-cell kuma-pancreas, enza inqwaba yawo, kuyancipha kancane kancane, okuthinta ngokushesha indices ze-glycosylation. Lokhu kukhonjiswe yi-glycogemoglobin ,amapharamitha we-biochemical ekhombisa inani eliphakeme le-glucose esikhathini eside (cishe izinyanga ezintathu). Bonke abanesifo sikashukela badinga ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze bahlole ikhwalithi yokwelashwa okusetshenziswa ngalesi sikhathi.
Ngamapharamitha aphezulu kashukela, iziguli zibekelwa i-insulin therapy. Ukufakwa kungashiywa, kepha lokhu kuzoholela ku-hyperglycemia nakwezinye izinkinga ezinkulu ezinkulu. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunikeza isiguli induduzo ephezulu ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Izinhlobo zama-tablet ze-peptide hormone ebalulekile zingasiza ngalokhu.
Njengamanje, i-insulin yethebhulethi emavolini amakhulu ayikhiqizwa. Njengoba kungekho imininingwane ephelele ngemiphumela yezidakamizwa ezinjalo emzimbeni womuntu. Kepha ngokuya ocwaningweni esevele lwenziwe ezilwaneni nakubantu, singasho ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ushintshe usuka emithini kadokotela uwabeke emathebhulethini, ngoba uthathwa njengenganabungozi ngokuphelele.
Indlela enjalo yokulwa nesifo sikashukela ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene ayiphumelelanga. Isibonelo, ngaphambilini kwakhiwa izidakamizwa ezazidinga ukuphonswa ekhaleni. Kepha ngokuya ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa, kwacaca ukuthi umthamo ngqo we-insulin kwikhambi lamakhala awunakubalwa ngenxa yobunzima bokungena kwengxenye esebenzayo ohlelweni lokujikeleza ngokusebenzisa i-mucosa yamakhala.
Uma sikhuluma ngokuphathwa ngomlomo, okwakulungiselelwe iziguli, lapho-ke imijovo ye-insulin isebenza ngokushesha, futhi uma ubuyisela i-insulin ngamaphilisi, isiguli sasihlangabezana nenkinga yokufakwa kwayo kancane. Ngaso leso sikhathi, okuqukethwe ushukela kwehle kancane futhi kungabi kangako njengoba bekudingeka. Lapho umthamo we-insulin emathebhulethi ukhushulwa kaninginingi futhi ufakwa ngombala okhethekile, ifomu lethebhulethi laba lenzuzo ukwedlula i-liquid. Isidingo sokumunca amaphilisi ngobuningi obukhulu ukuze sifinyelele umthamo we-insulin oyifunayo usishabalalisile, obeka isikhundla sale mishanguzo phambili kuwo wonke umuthi onciphisa ushukela. Umzimba wesiguli waqala ukuthola inani elilinganayo lamahomoni awadingayo, futhi okweqile kwaphuma neminye imikhiqizo esetshenzwe ngokwemvelo.
Ngakho-ke, ukuguqukela kwendlela efanayo yokwelashwa kuyinto engokoqobo futhi kungenzeka. Into esemqoka ukubheka njalo okuqukethwe ushukela futhi kuqashelwe uchwepheshe.
Ukuxhumana ngokushintshela kumathebulethi
Uma sikhuluma ngokushiyeka kwale ndlela yokwelashwa, khona-ke ukuthatha i-insulin emacwecweni kuphoqa ama-pancreas ukuthi asebenze ngentshiseko, nawo ogcwala ukugqwala kwawo ngokushesha. Ngendlela yokujova, umzimba kufanele usebenze kuphela ngemuva kokudla, hhayi njalo. Okunye ukubuyisa ama-hormone wethebhulethi yintengo yabo, engatholakali kwabaningi abanesifo sikashukela. Ngakho-ke, lapho uthatha isinqumo sokushintshela kule ndlela yokwelashwa, umuntu kufanele acabangele inhlalo yezifo ezibonakalayo: ukuthi angazithenga yini izidakamizwa ezibizayo ngale ndlela.
Ngaphandle kwezinzuzo zalolu hlobo lokwelashwa, inemikhawulo ethile futhi ayikhonjiswanga kuzo zonke iziguli.
Ngokuqapha, amalungiselelo we-insulin abhalwe phansi abekelwe:
- i-pathologies yesibindi;
- Izinkinga zenhliziyo;
- urolithiasis;
- isilonda esiswini.
I-insulin ngesimo samathebulethi ayinqunyelwe izingane, ngoba okwamanje akukho mininingwane ngomphumela wazo entweni encane ekhulayo.
Igama lezidakamizwa nezindleko
Amacwecwe e-insulin, afundwe ngokuphelele futhi alungele ukukhiqizwa, awakabi nalo igama, ngoba izifundo azikapheli. Manje asetshenziswa njengomkhiqizo wokwelapha olingayo, kodwa inzuzo yawo ngaphezulu kwefomu ejwayelekile le-liquid selivele labonwa. Kunobunzima obukhulu - inani eliphakeme nokungafinyeleleki kwesiguli esivamile. Lapho ukukhiqizwa kwesisindo kuqala, ukushoda kwezidakamizwa emhlabeni wonke kuzonyamalala nezindleko zako ziyehle. Ezinye izikhungo zezokwelapha zaseRussia sezivele ziwenza umuthi onjalo futhi zinaka izici ezinhle.
Ngokwezibalo, amacala e-mellitus yesifo sikashukela aya ngokuya eqoshwa kuwo wonke amazwe. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe- pharmacotechnologies entsha kuzovumela ukuthi abantu abanesifo sikashukela baphathwe ngokunethezeka nangobuhlungu esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Ukubonakala kwe-insulin ezibhebheni kufanele kusetshenziswe kuze kufike lapho kuzosizakala iziguli. Uma ulandela ukudla futhi ulawula amazinga kashukela, ukwelashwa kuzonikeza umphumela ophumelelayo.
