Ukwelashwa ngokuphelele kwesifo sikashukela kuyindaba yesikhathi esizayo. Njengamanje, ukwenza lokhu kuhlonza kusho ukulinganiselwa okuningi, ukwelashwa impilo yonke, kanye nokulwa okuqhubekayo nezinkinga eziqhubekayo. Kungakho ukuvimbela isifo sikashukela kubaluleke kakhulu. Kubandakanya izindlela ezimbalwa ezilula, eziningi zazo ezingachazwa ngegama elithi "indlela yokuphila enempilo". Ngesifo sohlobo lwe-2 esivame kakhulu, ukusebenza kwawo kuphezulu kakhulu: ngisho noma kunokuphazamiseka okukhona kokuqala kwama-metabolic, isifo sikashukela singagwenywa ezimweni ezingama-60%.
Isidingo sokuvimbela uhlobo 1 sikashukela
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, udokotela owaziwayo, oyiphayona esifundweni nasekwelashweni kwalesi sifo, u-Elliot Joslin, ukhulume ngokubaluleka kokuvimbela (ukuvimbela) isifo sikashukela kubantu abanengozi enkulu yalesi sifo: “Imininingwane eqoqwe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 ikhombisa ukuthi inani labanesifo sikashukela likhula ngokushesha… manje Isikhathi, ukunakwa okukhethekile akufanele kukhokhwe hhayi kangako ekwelashweni nasekuvimbeleni isifo sikashukela. Akunakwenzeka ukuthola imiphumela esheshayo, kodwa ngokuqinisekile bazovela ngokuzayo futhi kubaluleke kakhulu kwisiguli esingahle sibe khona. "
Ngemuva kweminyaka eyikhulu, lesi sitatimende sisasebenza. Izigameko zesifo sikashukela ziyaqhubeka nokukhula ngokuqinile. Abanye odokotela baqhathanisa lokhu kukhula nobhubhane. Ngokukhula kwengcebo emazweni asathuthuka, lesi sifo sisakazekela emasimini amasha. Manje ~ 7% yabantu emhlabeni wonke batholakala benesifo sikashukela. Kucatshangwa ukuthi njengoba abaningi bengakakwazi mayelana nokuxilongwa kwabo. Ukwanda kwezigameko kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ngohlobo 2, okuyi-85 kuya ku-95% yazo zonke izimo zesifo kubantu abahlukahlukene. Manje kunobufakazi obuningi obukholisayo bokuthi lokhu kwephula umthetho kungavinjelwa noma kubambezeleke amashumishumi eminyaka uma izindlela zokuthathwa kwezinyathelo zithathwa sengcupheni.
Isifo sikashukela nokucindezela kuzoba yinto yesikhathi esedlule
- Ukwehlela ushukela -95%
- Ukuqedwa kwe-vein thrombosis - 70%
- Ukuqedwa kokushaya kwenhliziyo okuqinile -90%
- Ukuqeda umfutho wegazi ophakeme - 92%
- Ukwanda kwamandla ngesikhathi sosuku, ngcono ukulala ebusuku -97%
Unganquma izinga lobungozi bakho usebenzisa isivivinyo esilula:
| Imibuzo | Izinketho zokuphendula | Inani lamaphuzu | |
| 1. Iminyaka yakho, iminyaka | <45 | 0 | |
| 45-54 | 2 | ||
| 55-65 | 3 | ||
| >65 | 4 | ||
| 2. BMI yakho, kg / m² | kufika ku-25 | 0 | |
| kusuka ku-25 kuye ku-30 | 1 | ||
| ngaphezulu kwama-30 | 3 | ||
| 3. Isinqe esinqeni **, cm | emadodeni | ≤ 94 | 0 |
| 95-102 | 3 | ||
| ≥103 | 4 | ||
| kwabesifazane | ≤80 | 0 | |
| 81-88 | 3 | ||
| ≥88 | 4 | ||
| 4. Ingabe kunemifino emisha etafuleni lakho nsuku zonke? | yebo | 0 | |
| cha | 1 | ||
| 5. Ngabe usebenzisa amahora angaphezu kwama-3 emsebenzini wokuzivocavoca ngesonto? | yebo | 0 | |
| cha | 2 | ||
| 6. Ingabe uphuza (uphuze esikhathini esidlule) izidakamizwa ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi? | cha | 0 | |
| yebo | 2 | ||
| 7. Ngabe utholakale neglucose okungenani isikhathi esingu-1 ngaphezulu kwesijwayelekile? | cha | 0 | |
| yebo | 2 | ||
| 8. Ngabe kukhona amacala kashukela ezihlotsheni? | cha | 0 | |
| Yebo, izihlobo ezikude | 2 | ||
| Yebo, omunye wabazali, izingane zakwabo, izingane | 5 | ||
* inqunywe yifomula: isisindo (kg) / urefu² (m)
* ukukala ku-2 cm ngaphezu kwenkaba
Ithebula lokuhlola ubungozi besifo sikashukela:
| Amaphuzu aphelele | Ingozi yesifo sikashukela,% | Izincomo ze-Endocrinologists |
| <7 | 1 | Qhubeka nokunaka impilo yakho, uku-track efanele. Indlela yakho yokuphila manje ukuvikela ushukela okuhle kakhulu. |
| 7-11 | 4 | |
| 12-14 | 17 | Kukhona ithuba le-prediabetes. Sincoma ukuvakashela i-endocrinologist futhi uthathe izivivinyo, mhlawumbe ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela ushukela. Ukuqeda ukwephulwa, kwanele ukushintsha indlela yokuphila. |
| 15-20 | 33 | Isifo sikashukela noma isifo sikashukela kungenzeka, ukubonisana nodokotela kuyadingeka. Ungadinga umuthi ukulawula ushukela wakho. |
| >20 | 50 | Imetabolism yakho kungenzeka ukuthi isivele ikhubazekile. Ukulawulwa kwe-glycemic yonyaka kuyadingeka ukuthola isifo sikashukela ekuqaleni kakhulu. Ukuthobela isikhathi eside kwezindlela zokuvimbela izifo kuyadingeka: Ukulungiswa kwesisindo, ukwanda kwezinga lomsebenzi, ukudla okhethekile. |
Yini engasetshenziselwa ukuvimbela
Manje, ngokutholakala okukhulu, uhlobo 2 lwesifo kuphela olungavinjelwa. Ngokuphathelene nohlobo loku-1 nezinye, izinhlobo ezingandile, akunakwenzeka lokho. Kuhlelwa ukuthi ngokuzayo, ukuvikela kuzokwenziwa kusetshenziswa umuthi wokugoma noma wokwelapha ngofuzo.
Izinyathelo ezinganciphisa kancane ubungozi besifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 ezinganeni:
- Ukugcina i-standardoglycemia ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwabesifazane abanesifo sikashukela. I-glucose ingena egazini lengane futhi iwathinte kabi amanyikwe.
- Ukuncelisa ibele okungenani izinyanga ezi-6. Sebenzisa ifomula yezinsana evunyelwe kuphela.
- Ukuqinisa ukungatheleleki: ukuqina, ukugoma okufika ngesikhathi, okunengqondo, hhayi ngokweqile, ukuhambisana nemithetho yenhlanzeko. Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezivuselela amasosha omzimba, kuphela njengoba kuyalelwe yisazi se-immunologist.
- Ukudla okunempilo, ukudla okucebile kakhulu nokuhlukahlukene, imifino esebenza kancane. Ukudla okwanele kwe-Vitamin D kokudla (inhlanzi, isibindi, ushizi). Ukuvimbela ukushoda kwale vithamini ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila.
- Ukunyakaza okusebenzayo okungenani ihora ngosuku. Ukuthuthukiswa kokukhuthazela ngokomzimba, ukuthuthukiswa komkhuba wokudlala imidlalo.
Ukuvimbela isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kusebenza kakhulu. Kufaka:
- ngokulinganisela ekudleni;
- ukunciphisa ukungena kwe-carbohydrate okusheshayo;
- ukulandela irejimendi yokuphuza enempilo;
- ukulungiswa kwesisindo;
- ukusebenza komzimba;
- lapho kutholwa ukuphazamiseka kokuqala - izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ukumelana ne-insulin.
I-Normalization yebhalansi yamanzi kanye nokugcinwa kwayo
Kukholelwa ukuthi i-80% yezicubu zomuntu ingamanzi. Eqinisweni, lezi zinombolo zincishisiwe. Leli iphesenti uketshezi sibonisa kuphela izingane ezisanda kuzalwa. Emzimbeni wamadoda, ama-51-55% wamanzi, kwabesifazane - 44-46% ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwamafutha aphezulu. Amanzi ayi-solvent yazo zonke izinto, ngaphandle kwenani elanele lazo, noma ngabe i-insulin, noma ukukhipha kwayo ukungena egazini, noma i-glucose kumaseli ukuthola amandla kungenzeka. Ukuphelelwa ngamandla okungapheliyo kuletha ukudalwa kwesifo sikashukela iminyaka eminingana, okusho ukuthi ekuvinjelweni kwalo kubalulekile ukwenza ibhalansi yamanzi ijwayelekile.
Amanzi ahlala ekhishwa emzimbeni ngomchamo, indle, bese, umoya ophefumulwayo. Inani lokulahleka kwansuku zonke lilinganiselwa ku-1550- 2950 ml. Isidingo samanzi ekushiseni okujwayelekile komzimba singama-30-50 ml ngekhilogremu ngalinye lesisindo. Kuyadingeka ukubuyisa ibhalansi yamanzi ngamanzi ajwayelekile okuphuza ngaphandle kwegesi. I-Soda, itiye, ikofi, iziphuzo ezidakayo azilungelanga le nhloso, ngoba zinomphumela wokugaya, okungukuthi, zivusa ukukhululeka kwamanzi.
Ukondleka okufanele kuyisihluthulelo sikashukela ojwayelekile
Umthetho oyinhloko wokudla okunempilo wokuvikela isifo sikashukela ngokulinganisela ekudleni. Njengoba okubonwa ngabasebenza ngokudla okunempilo kubonisa, abantu bavame ukwahlulela kabi umthamo nokudla kokudliwayo. Sijwayele ukubheka ukudla kwethu kunempilo kunalokho okuyikho ngempela. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhomba ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi unesifo sikashukela esikhulu, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukuqala ukugcina idayari yokudla. Zama izinsuku ezimbalwa ukukala ukudla kwakho, ukubala okuqukethwe kwayo kilojoule, okuqukethwe okunezakhi zomzimba, ukulinganisa cishe inkomba ye-glycemic yazo zonke izitsha nomthwalo we-glycemic ngosuku. Ngokunokwenzeka, idatha etholakele izodumaza, futhi ukudla kuzodingeka kuguquke kakhulu.
Imihlahlandlela yokuvikela isifo sikashukela esuselwa kumithi esekelwe ebufakazini:
- Ukubalwa kwenani le-caloric yansuku zonke kucatshangelwa ukusebenza komzimba. Uma ukunciphisa umzimba kudingekile, kuncishiswa ngo-500-700 kcal.
- Okungenani isigamu sekhilogremu yemifino, imifino nezithelo ngosuku.
- Ukusetshenziswa okusakazekile kokusanhlamvu okuphelele okusanhlamvu nemikhiqizo evela kubo.
- Ukunciphisa ushukela ku-50 g ngosuku, kufaka phakathi lokho okuvele kutholakala ekudleni naseziphuzweni.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha zemifino, imbewu namantongomane njengemithombo yamafutha.
- Umkhawulo ugcwele (kufika ku-10%) kanye namafutha we-trans (aze afike ku-2%).
- Ukudla inyama ebusayo.
- Imikhiqizo yobisi enokuqukethwe kwamafutha aphansi kepha ayinamafutha ngokuphelele.
- Izitsha zezinhlanzi amahlandla ama-2 noma ngaphezulu ngesonto.
- Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala kube ama-20 g ngosuku kwabesifazane, ama-30 g kwabesilisa ngokuya nge-ethanol.
- Ukudla nsuku zonke kwe-25-35 g ye-fiber, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yemifino emisha enokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu.
- Ukulinganiselwa kosawoti kuya ku-6 g ngosuku.
Iwusizo: mayelana nokudla koshukela lapha - diabetiya.ru/produkty/pitanie-pri-diabete-2-tipa.html
Umsebenzi womzimba kanye nesifo sikashukela
Ukusebenza kwemisipha kuyindlela yokusebenza ngokomzimba yokunciphisa ukumelana ne-insulin, imbangela eyinhloko yesifo sikashukela. Kwatholakala ukuthi imiphumela emihle ibonwa ngokuzikhandla nsuku zonke imizuzu engama-30 noma ngaphezulu. Ngemidlalo eyivelakancane, ukuvimbela ushukela kuphumelela. Isinqumo esihle kakhulu yinhlanganisela ye-aerobic namandla okuzivocavoca.
Iziphakamiso ngokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kakhulu kwemisebenzi yomzimba ekuvimbeleni isifo sikashukela:
| Izincomo | Ukuvivinya umzimba kwe-aerobic | Ukuqeqeshwa kwamandla |
| Imvamisa yokuqeqesha ngesonto | Izikhathi ezi-3 noma ngaphezulu, ikhefu phakathi kokusebenza kungabi ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezi-2. | Izikhathi ezi-2-3. |
| Ukuqina | Ekuqaleni - ukukhanya nokulinganisela (ukuhamba ngesivinini esisheshayo), kanye nokwanda kokukhuthazela - kunzima ngokwengeziwe (ukugijima). | Ukuqina ukukhathala kwemisipha. |
| Isikhathi sokuqeqesha | Ukuze uthole umthwalo olula futhi olinganiselayo - imizuzu engama-45, ngamandla - imizuzu engama-30. | Cishe ziyisi-8 ukuzivocavoca ngakunye, kufinyelela kumasethi ama-3 okuphindaphinda okungu-9-15. |
| Umdlalo owuthandayo | Ukugijimela, ukuhamba, ukubhukuda, kubandakanya i-aerobics yamanzi, ibhayisekili, ukushushuluza, ukuqeqeshwa kwe-Cardio yeqembu. | Amandla okuzivocavoca amaqembu amakhulu wemisipha. Ungasebenzisa bobabili ama-simulators nesisindo sakho. |
Ngaphezu kokuzivocavoca umzimba kanye nezinguquko zokudla okunempilo, izindlela ezingezona izidakamizwa zokuvimbela zifaka: ukuyeka ukubhema, ukuqeda ukukhathala okungapheli, ukwelapha ukudangala nokukhubazeka kokulala.
Mayelana nesifo sikashukela - diabetiya.ru/pomosh/fizkultura-pri-diabete.html
Imithi yokuvimbela
Imvamisa izindlela zokuvikela ngenhla zanele ukuvikela isifo sikashukela. Imithi inikezwa kuphela lezo ziguli esevele zikhubazekile i-glucose metabolism, kepha okwamanje azikwazi ukuba yi-mellitus yesifo sikashukela. Futhi ngisho nakulesi simo, balwela ukunika umzimba ithuba lokunqoba ukuphazamiseka ngokwayo. Uma imiphumela ingagculisi izinyanga ezi-3 ngemuva koshintsho ekudleni nasekuqalelweni kokuqeqeshwa, i-algorithm yokunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kwabanesifo sikashukela esincomekayo incoma ukungeza umuthi ezindleleni zokuvimbela zangaphambilini.
Ezimweni eziningi, okuthandwa kunikezwa nge-metformin - umuthi othinta ukumelana ne-insulin. Yehlisa ubungozi besifo sikashukela ngama-31%. Ukuqashwa okusebenzayo kakhulu nge-BMI ngenhla kwe-30.
Ukunciphisa imiphumela yokungahambelani nokudla, ungasebenzisa izidakamizwa ezithinta ukumuncwa kwama-carbohydrate namafutha. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- I-Acarbose (amaphilisi weGlucobai) ivimbela ukungena kweglucose emikhunjini. Ngaphezu kweminyaka emi-3 yokusebenzisa, unganciphisa ubungozi besifo sikashukela ngama-25%.
- UVoglibose usebenza ngomgomo ofanayo. Inokusebenza kahle kakhulu kokuvikela isifo sikashukela, cishe ama-40%. Izidakamizwa zeVoglibose kuzodingeka ukuthi zithunyelwe zivela kwamanye amazwe, njengoba zingabhalisiwe eRussia Federation.
- I-Orlistat yehlisa okuqukethwe kwekalori kokudla ngokuvimba ukugaya kwamafutha futhi ikususe ngendlela yayo yasekuqaleni kanye nezindunduma. Ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-4 yokwamukelwa, ikuvumela ukuthi unciphise izehlakalo zesifo sikashukela ngama-37%, noma kunjalo, ama-52% abantu enqaba ukwelashwa ngenxa yemiphumela emibi. Amagama wokuhweba we-orlistat yiXenical, Orsoten, Listata, Orlimax.
