Iminyaka emingaki iphila nohlobo 1 nesifo sikashukela

Isifo sikashukela siyaqhubeka nokuphanga iziguli zeminyaka yempilo esebenzayo, yize kuqale izidakamizwa nezilawuli ezintsha ze-hypoglycemic. Amazinga kashukela egazini anomthelela omkhulu esikhathini sokuphila kwabantu abanesifo sikashukela.

Ngokufanelekile, i-glycemia kwisifo sikashukela akufanele ihluke kokujwayelekile kumuntu ophilile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuyiguqula kakhulu indlela yakho yokuphila ejwayelekile: qapha njalo izondlamzimba kanye nemithwalo, uphuze izidakamizwa ngendlela eyiyo futhi uhlolwe. Ukuthola impilo enhle, ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga kungenzeka kuphela ngokubandakanyeka okugcwele kwababili kwabanesifo sikashukela nezihlobo zakhe enkambisweni yokwelashwa.

Izimbangela Zokuphazamiseka Kwempilo Yesifo Sikashukela

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, iWorld Health Organisation ibilokhu igxile kakhulu kushukela. Isizathu salokhu ukwanda kwalesi sifo, ingozi yaso enkulu kwezempilo, ukukhubazeka kusenesikhathi, nokufa okuphezulu phakathi kwabanesifo sikashukela. Ukulwa nezinkinga ze-vascular kudinga imishini emihle ezibhedlela, ukutholakala kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe, kanye nezindleko ezinkulu zezezimali ezivela kuzo zombili izinsiza zezempilo kanye neziguli. Ngokwezibalo, abanesifo sikashukela maningi amathuba okudinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela kunezinye iziguli.

Imiphumela eyingozi kakhulu yesifo sikashukela:

1. Ukulimazeka kwezinso - i-nephropathy, okubuye kube yinkimbinkimbi ngokuhluleka kwe-renal. Phakathi kweziguli eziphila ngenxa ye-hemodialysis ejwayelekile, ingxenye yesifo sikashukela icishe ibe ngama-30%.
2. Ingqinamba enkulu engaholela hhayi ekukhubazekeni kuphela, kepha futhi nasekufeni, yi-gangrene. Ingxenye yokuqedwa ezweni lethu kungenxa yezinkinga zesifo sikashukela, izibalo zonyaka zimane nje ziyesabisa: abanesifo sikashukela abayi-11,000 balahlekelwa imilenze ngonyaka.
3. Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus siyingozi ebangelwa yi-atherossteosis kanye ne-hypertension, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kanye nokubhema. Amathuba okukhula kwesifo senhliziyo (CHD) kushukela sikhuphuka amahlandla ama-3, isifo se-vascular - amahlandla ama-4, unhlangothi - ngezikhathi eziyi-2,5. Cishe i-40% yeziguli ezinesifo sikashukela ezingaphezu kwama-40 zibulawa yimiphumela yesifo senhliziyo.

Ucwaningo oluningi lufakazele ukuthi izinkinga ezisongela impilo zingavikeleka kuphela kwendlela - ukugcina ushukela wegazi nokucindezela ngamanani asondele kakhulu njengokujwayelekile ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma isiguli esinesifo sikashukela sikwazile ukufezekisa nokugcina amazinga ejwayelekile isikhathi eside, impilo yakhe izoba yinhle, futhi isikhathi sakhe sokuphila sifana nesomuntu ophilile.

Isifo sikashukela nokucindezela kuzoba yinto yesikhathi esedlule

• Ukwehlela ushukela -95%
• Ukuqedwa kwe-vein thrombosis - 70%
• Ukuqedwa kokushaya kwenhliziyo okuqinile -90%
• Ukuqeda umfutho wegazi ophakeme - 92%
• Ukwanda kwamandla ngesikhathi sosuku, ngcono ukulala ebusuku -97%

Bangaki abaphila nohlobo 1

Isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 senzeka kubantu abasha, ukudunwa kwaso kuhlale kuhambisana nezimpawu ezicacile: ukuncipha kwesisindo, ubuthakathaka obunzima kanye nokoma, ukuwohloka okubukhali enhlalakahleni, ketoacidosis. Uma ungaboni udokotela ekulesi simo, kuzovela i-ketoacidotic coma. Manje iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela esitholakele zilaliswa esibhedlela nakanjani. Abakhishwa yisifo sikashukela bayadedelwa esibhedlela kuphela ngemuva kokuzinza, bakhethwa umthamo ophelele we-insulin, baqeqeshelwa ukubala kahle futhi bakusebenzise. Noma isiguli silaliswe esibhedlela sikhubazekile, kungenzeka ukuthi umphumela omuhle u-80%.

Ngaphambi kokuqalwa kwe-insulin, isikhathi sokuphila kohlobo lweshukela sikashukela sasiyizinyanga ezi-2. Ngo-1950-1965, kungakapheli iminyaka engama-30 kusukela kwaqala lesi sifo, ama-35% eziguli afa, ngo-1965-1980. - 11%. Ngokuqala kwama-insulin analogues nama-glucometer aphathwayo, iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela ziphila isikhathi eside kakhulu: amadoda angaphansi kweminyaka engu-56,7, abesifazane abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-60.8 (idatha yeRussia). Le yiminyaka eyi-10 engaphansi kwesilinganiso sokuphila esijwayelekile ezweni lonke.

Ngesifo sohlobo 1, isikhathi nekhwalithi yempilo zithinteka ikakhulu ngenxa yezinkinga ezifika sekwephuzile okubangelwa ushukela ophakeme njalo. Imbangela evamile yokufa ukukhohlisa kwesifo sikashukela. Imvamisa kwenzeka ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-4 ubudala ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo, ebusheni abenqaba ukulawula ushukela njalo, kubantu abadala abaphuza ngokweqile.

Isibonakaliso sempilo ende nethokozisayo ku-insulin ngunjiniyela waseMelika uRobert Krause. Wagula emuva ngo-1926, eneminyaka engu-5. Ngonyaka owedlule, umfowabo wabulawa yisifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin, ngakho-ke abazali bakhe bakwazi ukubona izimpawu eziyingozi futhi ngokushesha bamnikeze uRobert esibhedlela. Ebuntwaneni, umama wayebandakanyeka kulawulo lukashukela, ekala ngokucophelela imikhiqizo futhi egcina amarekhodi enembile kugramu, ngaphambi kokudla ngakunye uthola injulini. URobert ufunde isimo sokuzibophezela sikashukela. Kuyo yonke impilo yakhe wayigcina ukudla, wabala ngokunembile umthamo wekhalori kanye nenani lama-carbohydrate, umthamo we-insulin, walinganisa ushukela izikhathi eziyisishiyagalombili ngosuku. URobert Krause waphila iminyaka yobudala engama-91, futhi kuze kwaba yiminyaka yokugcina ahlala ekhuthele futhi enentshisekelo ngayo empilweni, wakwazi ukuthola imfundo ephakeme, wabamba iqhaza ohlelweni lwe-rocket, waba ngumpristi, wakhulisa izingane nabazukulu abaningi.

Isikhathi sokuphila nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2

Ukuqalwa kwesikhathi sokuphila esikuhlobo 2 sikashukela kuncike kakhulu kunxephezelo lwesifo. Izici ezingeziwe zifaka i-cholesterol, ingcindezi, iminyaka, ubulili kanye nokubhema.

Bangaki abaphila nesifo sikashukela:

1. Owesifazane oneminyaka engama-55 ubudala obheka impilo yakhe futhi alandele izincomo zikadokotela uzophila iminyaka eyi-21.8. Owesifazane oneminyaka efanayo ngaphandle kokudla, onesifo sikashukela esibolile kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme - akukho ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-15.
2. Kowesilisa oneminyaka engama-55 ubudala, i-prognosis iminyaka engama-21.1 nengu-13.2 ngokulandelana.
3. Ababhemayo abanesifo sikashukela baphila okungenani iminyaka emi-2, kungakhathalekile ukuthi kunxephezelwa kangakanani ngalesi sifo.
4. I-cholesterol ephakanyisiwe ithatha isilinganiso sonyaka we-1 wokuphila.
5. Ukwehla kwengcindezi ye-systolic kusuka ku-180 kuye kwesejwayelekile kuzonikeza indoda cishe iminyaka eyi-1,8 yokuphila; Umama oneminyaka eyi-1,6.

Njengoba kungabonakala kusuka kunolwazi olungenhla, iziguli ziphila ngohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela eside kunohlobo 1. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lolu hlobo lwesifo luqala sekwephuze kakhulu, kubantu abaningi ngemuva kweminyaka engama-55. Ushukela eminyakeni yokuqala ukhuphuka kancane, okusho ukuthi izinkinga ziyakhula kancane.

Ngo-2014, uMnyango Wezempilo waseRussia washicilela imininingwane ethembisa kakhulu. Ngenxa yezinhlelo zombuso zokuhlinzeka abanesifo sikashukela ngemithi yamahhala, ukwethulwa kwezinhlelo zokuziqeqeshela ukwazile ukunciphisa ukufa kwabantu cishe ngama-30% kanye nokuthola isikhathi sokuphila sohlobo lwe-2 yesifo seminyaka engama-72,4 kwabesilisa kanye nama-74,5 kwabesifazane. Kuyavela ukuthi abesifazane baphila iminyaka emi-2 kuphela kunontanga babo abanempilo, kepha abesilisa baneminyaka eyishumi ngaphezulu. Impumelelo enjalo emadodeni ingachazwa ngendlela eyodwa: phambi kwesifo sikashukela, iziguli ziphoqelelwa ukuba zigadwe njalo ngudokotela futhi zivivinywe.

Isinxephezelo sikashukela

Odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi isinxephezelo sesifo sikashukela esincane nesingene singatholakala kunoma yisiphi isiguli, futhi ezimeni eziningi, ngezidakamizwa ezingabizi, ezingabizi. Kuliqiniso, ekwelashweni okuphumelelayo kolwazi namakhono kadokotela akwanele. Isinxephezelo esimeme kungenzeka kuphela kulezo ziguli eziqeqeshelwe esikoleni sikashukela noma ezifunde ngokuzimela izici zesifo, ziqonde isibopho sazo sokusheshisa kwentuthuko, zivivinya njalo ukuhlolwa ukukhomba ubunzima ekuqaleni kwezinyathelo, zihambisana nayo yonke imiyalo kadokotela, kufaka phakathi ukudla nokuzivocavoca komzimba.

Idatha yezibalo yeRussia Federation:

Njengoba kungabonakala etafuleni, kubantu abaningi abanesifo sikashukela saseRussia Federation, lesi sifo siyabanjiswa. Siyini isizathu salesi simo sezinto? Ngeshwa, abantu abanezifo ezingamahlalakhona ezidinga ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwempilo yabo babonakala ngesimo sengqondo sokuphamba esimweni sabo. Ungakapheli unyaka, iziguli eziningi zizivumela ukuzivumelanisa nokudla, noma ziphile ngaphandle kokudla amasonto, ziyeke ukuphuza amaphilisi njalo, futhi zibe nesisindo.

Izindlela eziningi, lesi simo sengqondo sokunganakwa empilweni yabo senziwa impilo enhle yeziguli ezinoshukela ophakanyiswe kancane. Njengomthetho, azinazimpawu, impilo empeleni ayihlukile empilweni yabantu abaphilile. Izinkinga ezinkulu (ukulahleka kombono, ukuphazamiseka kokujikeleza ezinyaweni) kuvela lapho umuntu ehlala nesifo sikashukela iminyaka engama-5-10. Njengomthetho, izinkinga ezinkulu ze-vascular zingatholwa ngalesi sikhathi, ezingeke ziqedwe ngokuphelele.

Yibaphi abanesifo sikashukela abaphila kancane

Amaqembu eziguli ezinesifo sikashukela ezinobungozi obukhulu bezinkinga, futhi ngenxa yalokho isikhathi esifushane sokuphila:

• Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-4 ubudala ezinesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin. Inqubo yokubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana e-pancreatic ezinganeni ezincane ishesha, ushukela wegazi ukhuphukela kumanani ayingozi endabeni yezinsuku. Ngokukhula kwe-ketoacidosis, izinsana zilahlekelwa ukuqaphela ngokushesha bese ziwela ekhefini, zingase zife.
• Ebusheni, izingane zivame ukwenqaba ukuvuma ukugula kwazo, zizame ukuqeda imikhawulo, zinamahloni okufaka i-insulin emgwaqweni futhi zikala ushukela. Futhi noma sinesimo sengqondo sokuzibophezela empilweni yabo, ukubuyiswa kwemali kuvame kakhulu kubantu abasebasha ngenxa yokushintshwa kwamahormoni anobudlova obonakalayo kulonyaka.
• Abaphuza i-insulin diabetesics ngokuvamile abakwazi ukubala kahle imithamo ye-insulin, esikhathini esiningi bagcina ngokuba ne-hypoglycemic coma.
• Ngohlobo 2 sikashukela, ukukhuluphala kunciphisa kakhulu impilo. Iziguli ezikhuluphele ziphoqeleka ukuthi zisebenzise imithamo emikhulu yemithi ye-hypoglycemic, ngaphambilini zayeka ukukhiqiza i-insulin yazo, amathuba aphakeme kakhulu wokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi, i-gangrene.
• Iziguli ezingathathi yonke imishanguzo enqunywe udokotela. Ngesifo sohlobo 2, abanesifo sikashukela bavame ukudinga ama-statin, izidakamizwa ze-antihypertensive, namavithamini ngaphezu kwezidakamizwa zokunciphisa ushukela.
• Iziguli ezenqaba ukwelashwa kwe-insulin. Uma sinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 ayikho enye indlela, khona-ke ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, sizama konke okusemandleni ukubambezela ukuphathwa kwe-hormone. Ucwaningo oluningi lufakazele ukuthi leli qhinga lifushanisa impilo. Odokotela batusa ukubheka njalo i-hemoglobin e-glycated, engeza isidakamizwa esisha kuhlobo lokwelashwa ngokushesha nje lapho i-GH ifinyelela ku-7-7.5. Udinga ukushintshela ku-insulin ngokushesha nje lapho amathuba okuthola ukwelashwa ephethe amaphilisi esephelelwe amandla, okungukuthi, izidakamizwa ezi-2-3 zemigomo ehlukene yezinyathelo azanele i-glycemia ejwayelekile.