I-Hyperglycemia (izimbangela, izibonakaliso, i-ambulensi, imiphumela)

I-glucose egazini iyinkomba enembile kunazo zonke yesimo se-carbohydrate metabolism kubantu. Ushukela omningi, i-hyperglycemia, yisimo esisongela impilo. Ukukhuphuka okusheshayo kwe-glucose emikhawulweni yayo yokusongela kusongela ngesifo sikashukela, ukuhlala isikhathi eside ngaphezulu kwamanani ajwayelekile kuyingozi ngama-pathologies wezinhlaka eziningi.

Imvamisa, i-hyperglycemia ingumphumela wokuncipha kwemali yesifo sikashukela ngenxa yokuntuleka kokwelashwa noma ukwehluleka ukulandela izincomo zikadokotela, kodwa futhi kungadalwa ezinye izizathu. Ubukhulu bezimpawu buhlobene ngokuqondile noshukela wegazi kanye nezinga lokulimala kwesitho. Ukuze ufune usizo ngesikhathi, kuzofanele ufunde ukubona lesi simo esisezingeni elilula.

Kuyini i-hyperglycemia?

I-Hyperglycemia ayisona isifo, kepha isibonakaliso somtholampilo, okuwukunyuka kokuxineka kwe-glucose kwi-plasma yegazi ngaphezulu kwamanani okubhekiswa kuwo. Kuhunyushwe kusuka esiGrekini, leli gama lisho "igazi elimnandi kakhulu."

Kwatholakala ukutholakala koshukela ojwayelekile ngenxa yokuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-volumetric kweqembu elikhulu labantu abaphilile: kubantu abadala - ukusuka ku-4.1 kuye ku-5.9 mmol / l, kwabadala - ngo-0.5 mmol / l ngaphezulu.

Isifo sikashukela nokucindezela kuzoba yinto yesikhathi esedlule

• Ukwehlela ushukela -95%
• Ukuqedwa kwe-vein thrombosis - 70%
• Ukuqedwa kokushaya kwenhliziyo okuqinile -90%
• Ukuqeda umfutho wegazi ophakeme - 92%
• Ukwanda kwamandla ngesikhathi sosuku, ngcono ukulala ebusuku -97%

Ukuhlaziywa kunikezwa ekuseni, esiswini esingenalutho nangaphambi kokuthatha imishanguzo - ungalinikela kanjani ngegazi ushukela. Ukwanda ngokweqile koshukela ngemuva kokudla nakho uhlobo lokuphazamiseka futhi kubizwa ngokuthi yi-postprandial hyperglycemia. Imvamisa, ngemuva kokudla kakhulu ama-carbohydrate emzimbeni, kufanele afakwe ngaphakathi kwamahora ama-2, kuyilapho izinga likashukela lizokwehla ngaphansi kuka-7.8 mmol / L.

Izinhlobo ze-hyperglycemia ngokobunzima be-pathology:

Ukulimala komzimba kuqala lapho ushukela ungaphezulu kwe-7 mmol / L. Ngokukhuphuka kuya ku-16, i-precoma enezimpawu ezicacile kungenzeka phezulu kokungazi kahle. Uma i-glucose ingaphezulu kwama-33 mmol / L, onesifo sikashukela angawela enkanjini.

Izizathu eziyinhloko

I-glucose ngophethiloli oyinhloko womzimba wethu. Ukungena kwayo kumaseli kanye ne-cleavage kuyingxenye ebalulekile ye-carbohydrate metabolism. Isilawuli esiyinhloko se-ushukela osuka egazini singene ezicutshini yi-insulin, i-hormone ekhiqiza amanyikwe. Umzimba futhi ukhiqiza ama-hormone aphikisana ne-insulin. Uma uhlelo lwe-endocrine lusebenza kahle, kunama-hormones anele futhi amaseli awathola kahle, ushukela wegazi ugcinwa ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ejwayelekile, kuthi izicubu zithole umsoco owanele.

Ngokuvamile, i-hyperglycemia iwumphumela wesifo sikashukela. Uhlobo lokuqala lwalesi sifo lubonakala ngokushintshwa kwama-pancreas, amaseli abhekele ukugcinwa kwe-insulin abhujiswe. Lapho zihlala zingaphansi kwama-20%, i-insulin iqala ukuntuleka kakhulu bese i-hyperglycemia ikhula ngokushesha.

Uhlobo lwesibili sikashukela lubonakala ngenani elanele le-insulin, okungenani ekuqaleni kwesifo. I-Hyperglycemia kuleli cala ivela ngenxa yokumelana ne-insulin - ukwenqena kwamaseli ukuhlonza i-insulin futhi kudedele i-glucose kudlule kuyo.

Ngaphezu kwesifo sikashukela, ezinye izifo ze-endocrine, izidakamizwa ezithile, i-pathologies enzima yesitho, isimila, kanye nokuxineka kakhulu kungaholela ku-hyperglycemia.

Uhlu lwezifo lapho i-hyperglycemia ingenzeka khona:

1. Uhlobo 1, thayipha isifo sikashukela esingu-2 kanye nomm phakathi phakathi kwabo nesifo sikashukela se-LADA.
2. I-Thyrotooticosis. Ngayo, kunokweqile kwama-hormone egilo, ama-insulin antagonists.
3. I-Acromegaly. Umsebenzi we-insulin kuleli cala uvinjelwa ukukhuphuka kwehomoni yokukhula.
4. I-Cushing's syndrome nge-hyperproduction ye-cortisol.
5. Ama-tumors okwazi ukukhiqiza ama-hormone - pheochromocyte, glucagonoma.
6. Ukuvuvukala kwepancreatic nomdlavuza.
7. Ukucindezela nge-adrenaline rush eqinile. Imvamisa, kuvusa unhlangothi noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo. Ukulimala nokungenelela kokuhlinzwa nakho kungaba imbangela yokuxineka.
8. I-Psychology enkulu yezinso noma isibindi.

Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-hyperglycemia

I-hyperglycemia ebuthakathaka cishe ayinazimpawu. Ukukhathala okungenangqondo kanye nokwanda kwamanzi kungabhekwa. Imvamisa, ukuboniswa ushukela ophezulu kubonakala kahle kuphela ngokuqala kwe-hyperglycemia enzima. Ngohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela nezinye izifo ezingamahlalakhona, ukukhula kwe-glucose kwegazi kuhamba kancane, ngaphezu kwamasonto ambalwa.

I-hyperglycemia ebushelelezi iyenzeka, kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe ukuyichaza kuphela ngezimpawu.

Umuntu usijwayela isimo sakhe futhi angasibheki njengeso se-pathological, futhi umzimba uzama ukuzivumelanisa nokusebenza ezimweni ezinzima - ususa i-glucose eyeqile kumchamo. Sonke lesi sikhathi, isifo sikashukela esingatholakali sithinta izitho ezingezinhle: izikebhe ezinkulu ziyavalwa futhi ezincane ziyabhujiswa, ukuwa kwamehlo nokusebenza kwezinso kukhubazekile.

Uma ulalela ngokucophelela umzimba wakho, ukudalwa kwesifo sikashukela kunganqunywa yizimpawu ezilandelayo:

1. Amanzi okuphuza angaphezu kwamalitha ama-4 ngosuku, ane-hyperglycemia enzima - aze afike ku-10.
2. Ukuchama kaningi, isifiso sokuchama kaningana ebusuku.
3. Isimo esaphukile, esidabukisayo, ukozela, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokudla okune-carb ephezulu.
4. Umsebenzi omubi wesithiyo sesikhumba - ukumiswa kwesikhumba, amanxeba kuwo kuhlala isikhathi eside kunokujwayelekile.
5. Ukwenza kusebenze isikhunta - i-thrush, i-candidiasis ye-patity yomlomo, i-dandruff.

Lapho isifo siqhubeka futhi i-hyperglycemia ingena esigabeni esinzima, izimpawu ezilandelayo zengezwa ezimpawu ezedlule:

• ukuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla - isifo sohudo noma ukuqunjelwa, Ubuhlungu besisu;
• Izimpawu zokudakwa - ubuthakathaka obukhulu, isicanucanu, ikhanda;
• iphunga le-acetone noma izithelo ezonakele emoyeni ophelelwe yisikhathi ngenxa ye-ketoacidosis;
• umgubuzelo noma izindawo ezihamba phambi kwamehlo ngomonakalo wemithambo yamehlo;
• izifo ezithathelwanayo ngokuvuvukala okungasuki kahle;
• ukuphazamiseka enhliziyweni nasemithanjeni yegazi - umuzwa ocindezelayo esifubeni, i-arrhythmia, wehlisiwe ingcindezi, ukubukeka kwesikhumba, ukugqama kwezindebe.

Usizo lokuqala olufanele

Uma isiguli sinezimpawu ze-hyperglycemia, futhi kukhona izinsolo zokuthi isifo sikashukela sidinga ukukala ushukela wegazi. Indlela elula yokwenza lokhu ukusebenzisa i-glucometer ephathekayo. Wonke umuntu onesifo sikashukela unakho kunoma yiliphi ilabhorethri yezentengiselwano, kanye nasemahhovisi abelaphi nezazi zemvelo.

Uma izinga likashukela liphakeme kancane kunokujwayelekile, futhi ngemuva kokudla isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora amabili, udinga ukwenza idinga nodokotela. Uma inkomba ingaphezu kwe-13 mmol / l, shayela i-ambulensi. Lesi simo singase sibe yisibalo sohlobo lweshukela lukhula ngokushesha futhi singase sisongele impilo.

Uma isifo sikashukela selutholakele, ushukela omningi uyisikhathi sokunaka ukunxephezelwa kwaso, ufunde izincwadi ngalesi sifo, vakashela udokotela wakho futhi ubhalise esikoleni sikashukela emtholampilo.

Usizo lokuqala lwe-hyperglycemia enzima ngaphambi kokufika kwe-ambulensi:

1. Ukunikeza isiguli isikhundla esihle, susa ukukhanya okukhanyayo, vula iwindi lomoya omusha.
2. Phuza iziguli eziningi ukuze ushukela uphume nomchamo.
3. Ungasinikezi isiphuzo esinoshukela, ungondli.
4. Lungiselela izinto zokungeniswa esibhedlela.
5. Thola ikhadi lezokwelapha, inqubomgomo, ipasipoti, izivivinyo zakamuva.

Ngaphandle kwezinombolo zeglucose ezinembile, ungazami ukunikeza usizo lwezokwelapha, noma ngabe wena uqobo ungoshukela. Musa ukujova i-insulin, unganikeli izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela. Izimpawu ze-hypo- ne-hyperglycemia ngezigaba ezinzima ziyafana. Uma kudideka, ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa kungaholela ekufeni.

Ukuphathwa okunqunyiwe

I-hyperglycemia eyingozi iqedwa ukuphathwa kwe-insulin. Ngasikhathi sinye, baphatha imiphumela emibi eye yenzeka ngenxa kashukela omningi - babuyisela uketshezi olulahlekile kuqala ngamadonsi, lapho-ke, ngemuva kokuphuza isiguli, bethula ama-electrolyte alahlekile namavithamini. Ngokuya ngezigaba zamazwe omhlaba, lesi sifo sabelwa ikhodi engu-R73.9 - i-hyperglycemia engacaciswanga. Ngemuva kokulungiswa kokwakheka kwegazi, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe ukuthola imbangela yokwanda koshukela.

Uma kunqunywa ukuthi i-glucose ikhuphuka ngenxa yesifo sikashukela, kunqunywa ukwelashwa isikhathi eside. Isifo sikashukela sibhekwa yi-endocrinologist futhi sivakashela abanye ochwepheshe njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ukuvimbela ubunzima. Kuzodingeka athenge i-glucometer futhi alinganise ushukela nsuku zonke, asike ama-carbohydrate asheshayo ekudleni, aqaphele irejista yokuphuza futhi aqinisekise ukuthi uphuza imithi enqunyelwe ngaphandle kokushiya, ngisho neyodwa.

Endabeni yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 (ikhodi ngokusho kwe-ICD-10 E11), izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ukumelana kwe-insulin noma ezandisa ukwakheka kwe-insulin zivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwezidakamizwa. Ukudla okune-carb ephansi, ukunciphisa isisindo, nendlela yokuphila esebenzayo nakho kuyadingeka.

Ngohlobo 1 sikashukela (ikhodi E10), umjovo we-insulin uyadingeka. Umthamo wokuqala ukhethwa udokotela, khona-ke ungashintshwa ngokuya ngezinkomba zoshukela. Ukuze uvimbele i-hyperglycemia, isiguli kuyodingeka sibale ngaphambi kokudla ngakunye ukuthi sinamakhhathuni amaningi epulatifomu bese singena kumthamo ofanele womuthi.

Uma imbangela ye-glucose ephezulu bekungeyona isifo sikashukela, kodwa esinye isifo, i-hyperglycemia inyamalala ngokwayo ngemuva kokwelashwa kwayo. Izidakamizwa zingabekwa ukuthi zinciphise umsebenzi we-yegilo yegilo noma ivimbele ukwakheka kwe-hormone yokukhula. Ngama-pancreatitis, bazama ukwehlisa ama-pancreas ngangokunokwenzeka, banquma ukudla okuqinile, ezimweni ezinzima, basebenzise izinqubo zokuhlinzwa. Ama-tumors asuswa, bese kufakwa i-chemotherapy.

Imiphumela

Imiphumela ye-hyperglycemia yizifo zawo wonke amasistimu womzimba. Ukwanda okunamandla ushukela kusongela oneshukela onesifo sikashukela. I-Hyperglycemia iyingozi nemithambo yegazi nezinzwa - ziyabhujiswa, zibangele ukwehluleka kwezitho, i-thrombosis, i-gangrene yemikhawulo. Ngokuya ngejubane lokuthuthuka, ubunzima buhlukaniswe ekuqaleni nangekude.

Ungakuvimbela Kanjani I-Hyperglycemia

Ukuvimbela i-hyperglycemia, abanesifo sikashukela kumele banamathele ngokuqinile ezinconyelweni zezokwelapha - ungakhohlwa ukuthatha imishanguzo, engeza umzimba olinganiselayo kepha ojwayelekile empilweni yakho, uvuselele ekudleni kwakho ukuze ama-carbohydrate angena emzimbeni ngamanani amancane nangezikhathi ezijwayelekile. Uma ngaphansi kwale mibandela izikhathi eziningana zilandelana i-hyperglycemia, udinga ukuvakashela udokotela ukuze ulungise ukwelashwa. Ukubonisana nge-Endocrinologist nakho kuyadingeka esimweni sokungenelela okuhlinzayo okuhleliwe, izifo ezinzima, ukuvuvukala okubanzi nokukhulelwa.

Ukuvimbela ukwenzeka kwe-hyperglycemia kubantu abanempilo kuqukethe umsebenzi ngokomzimba ngaphandle kwengcindezi enamandla, ukugwema ukucindezela, ukugcina isisindo esijwayelekile, ukudla okunempilo. Ngeke kube yinto engenamsoco ukukhipha ukunyuka okusheshayo kushukela wegazi, ngoba lokhu, amaswidi adinga ukudliwa kancane phakathi nosuku, hhayi ingxenye enkulu yesikhathi esisodwa.