Isikole Sezinhlobo Ezingama-Type 1 Diabetes Patients Patients

Kuwo wonke umuntu onesifo sikashukela, isihluthulelo sempilo enhle yinhlangano efanele yokuphila nokuziphatha. Amandla okuphendula ngesikhathi esifanele kwizimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela futhi uzivikele ngezinyathelo ezinjengokudla okunempilo, ukunakekelwa kanye nokuzivocavoca umzimba okufanele akufiki ngokushesha. Ukuze kuhlanganiswe amakhono abo futhi bathole abasha, sekwenziwe izikole zikashukela ezikhethekile.

Yini isikole sezempilo

Isikole seziguli ezinesifo sikashukela siyisifundo esakhiwa seminar ezinhlanu noma eziyisikhombisa, ezenziwa ngesisekelo sezikhungo zezokwelapha nezokuvimbela. Wonke umuntu angabavakashela, kungakhathalekile ngeminyaka, kungaba ingane noma umuntu osekhulile, ngaphezu kwalokho, mahhala. Konke okudingeka ube nakho kukudlulisela kudokotela. Imikhombandlela eya enkulumweni ingahle ibe yesikhathi esisodwa noma ngesimo sesifundo esiphindaphindwayo sokutholwa kangcono kolwazi.

Ngenxa yokuthi abanesifo sikashukela abaningi bayaqashwa noma bayatadisha, izikhungo ezinjalo zakha umbuso wazo wokusebenza zinaka lezi zinto. Kungaleso sizathu isikhathi izinkulumo kanye nenani amakilasi eMoscow nakwamanye amadolobha waseRussia ehlukile.

Iziguli ezithola ukwelashwa okungalashwa zingangena ezinkulumweni ngokufanayo. Ngalezi zifundo, udokotela ukwazile ukudlulisa yonke imininingwane edingekayo kwabanesifo sikashukela ngesonto. Ezigulini ezisezibhedlela, kanye nakulabo isifo sazo esakwazi ukuqashelwa ngesikhathi, kwenziwa inkambo yanyanga zonke yezinkulumo ezimbili ngesonto.

Izinjongo zokufunda kanye nezigaba

Isisekelo esijwayelekile sesikole sabanesifo sikashukela siyizenzo zoMnyango Wezempilo waseRussia, kanye neCharter of Health. Izinkulumo zenziwa yi-endocrinologists noma umhlengikazi onemfundo ephakeme oqeqeshiwe kule ndlela. Ezinye izikhungo zisebenzisa amakilasi aku-inthanethi kumawebhusayithi abo asemthethweni. Izingosi ezinjalo zenzelwe labo bantu abangakwazi ukuya ezifundweni zeqembu. Futhi lolu lwazi lungasetshenziswa njengesethenjwa sezokwelapha.

Ukwenza ngcono ukuxhumana kolwazi, iziguli ezihlushwa uhlobo 1 nohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu esikoleni kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:

• iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1;
• iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2;
• Iziguli zesifo sikashukela sohlobo II ezifuna i-insulin
• izingane ezinesifo sikashukela nezihlobo zazo;
• ukhulelwe isifo sikashukela.

Isikole sohlobo 1 sikashukela sibalulekile ezinganeni, ngoba isifo salolu hlobo sisezingeni eliphakeme futhi sidinga ukulawula okukhethekile kwesimo. Kepha ngenxa yokuthi iziguli ezincane azikwazi ukubona kahle imininingwane yezemfundo, abazali bazo kungenzeka babekhona ezifundweni.

Umgomo oyinhloko weSikole se-Diabetes Health ukuhlinzeka iziguli imininingwane ewusizo. Esifundweni ngasinye, iziguli zifundiswa izindlela zokuvikela ukwanda, izindlela zokuzibheka, ikhono lokuhlanganisa inqubo yokwelapha ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke nokukhathazeka.

Ukuqeqeshwa kuhambelana nohlelo olukhethekile olunikeza ukulawula ulwazi olutholwayo. Umjikelezo wonke ungaba oyinhloko noma wesibili. Njalo ngonyaka ngosuku lokuqala lukaMashi, isikole ngasinye sabanesifo sikashukela singenisa umbiko esikhungweni sikashukela sesifunda, esivumela ukuthi sihlaziye imisebenzi eyenziwa ngalesi sikhathi.

Ukuqeqeshwa esikhungweni esinjalo kuqhelelekile. Ngesikhathi sezifundo, iziguli azinikezwa nje ngemininingwane yethiyori, kepha futhi ziqeqeshelwa ukuzilolonga. Ngenqubo yokufunda, iziguli zithola ulwazi kulezi zinkinga ezilandelayo:

• imiqondo ejwayelekile mayelana nesifo sikashukela;
• amakhono okuphatha i-insulin;
• ukudla;
• ukuzivumelanisa nezimo emphakathini;
• ukuvimbela izinkinga.

Inkulumo esethulweni

Umongo wenkulumo yokuqala ukujwayeza iziguli ngalesi sifo nezimbangela zokuvela kwayo.

Isifo sikashukela siholela ekwandeni koshukela wegazi. Kepha uma ufunda ukugcina izinga likashukela lilijwayelekile, awukwazi ukugwema ubunzima kuphela, kepha futhi usiguqula lesi sifo sibe yindlela ekhethekile, ezohlukahluka ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela.

Ukuncika kwe-insulin uhlobo lokuqala. Vumela labo bantu okwenziwa kubo i-insulin egazini ngenani elinganele. Ngokuvamile kukhula ezinganeni nasentsheni. Kulokhu, isiguli siyadingeka sithola umthamo wansuku zonke we-insulin kusuka kumijovo.

Ukungathembeki kwe-insulin uhlobo lwesibili sikashukela, okungenzeka noma ngabe i-insulin ingaphezulu, kepha akwanele ukwenza amazinga kashukela abe ngokwejwayelekile. Ikhula kubantu bobudala obuvuthiwe futhi ihlotshaniswa nesisindo esengeziwe. Kwezinye izimo, ngokunyamalala kwezimpawu, kwanele ukumane unamathele ekudleni nasekuzivocavoca.

Amangqamuzana omuntu onesifo sikashukela uhlushwa ukuntuleka kwamandla, ngoba ushukela uwumthombo wamandla ophambili wezinto eziphilayo. Kodwa-ke, ingangena kuphela esitokisini ngosizo lwe-insulin (i-hormone yamaprotheni ekhiqizwa amaseli we-pancreatic).

Kumuntu ophile kahle, i-insulin ingena egazini ngenani elifanele. Ngokunyuka ushukela, i-iron ikhiqiza i-insulin eningi, kuyilapho ukwehlisa kukhiqiza okuncane. Kubantu abangahlushwa isifo sikashukela, izinga likashukela (esiswini esingenalutho) lisuka ku-3.3 mmol / L liye ku-5.5 mmol / L.

Imbangela yesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin ukutheleleka ngegciwane. Lapho igciwane lingena emzimbeni, kukhiqizwa amasosha omzimba. Kepha kwenzeka ukuthi bayaqhubeka nomsebenzi wabo ngisho nangemva kokubhujiswa ngokuphelele kwemizimba yangaphandle. Ngakho-ke ama-antibodies aqala ukuhlasela amaseli abo e-pancreatic. Ngenxa yalokhu, ziyafa, futhi amazinga e-insulin ayancipha, bese kuba nesifo sikashukela.

Kubantu abagulayo, i-iron cishe ayakhiqizi i-insulin, ngoba i-glucose ayikwazi ukungena kumaseli futhi igxiliswe egazini. Umuntu uqala ukunciphisa umzimba ngokushesha, ezwa umlomo owomile njalo futhi ezizwa womile. Ukuze ukhulule lokhu ku-Symbomatology, i-insulin kufanele iphathwe ngobuciko.

Umongo wokwelashwa kwe-insulin

Umnyombo wenkulumo yesibili akukhona ukufundisa ukusetshenziswa kwesirinji kuphela, kepha futhi nokudlulisa imininingwane nge-insulin. Isiguli kufanele siqonde ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-insulin nesenzo.

Namuhla, ingulube nenkunzi kuyasetshenziswa. Kukhona owomuntu, otholakala ngokufaka isakhi sofuzo lomuntu kwi-DNA ye-bacterium. Kuyafaneleka ukubheka ukuthi lapho kushintsha uhlobo lwe-insulin, umthamo wayo uyashintsha, ngakho-ke lokhu kwenziwa kuphela ngaphansi kokuqondisa udokotela ohambelayo.

Ngokuya ngezinga lokuhlanzwa, isidakamizwa yilesi: ongahlanzwanga, ohlanzwe nge-mono- ne-multicomponent. Kubalulekile ukubala umthamo ngendlela efanele bese usabalalisa usuku.

Ngokusho kwesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-insulin yile:

• Okufushane - kusebenza ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-15 amahora angama-3-4. Isibonelo, i-Insuman Rapid, Berlinsulin Normal, Actrapid.
• I-Medium - iqala ukusebenza ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-90, bese iphela emahoreni angama-7-8. Phakathi kwazo: USemilong noSemilent.
• Isikhathi eside - umphumela uvela ngemuva kwamahora ama-4 futhi uthatha cishe amahora angama-13. Phakathi kokufaka okunjalo kukhona i-Homofan, Humulin, Monotard, Insuman-Bazal, Protafan.
• Isikhathi esengeziwe - qala ukusebenza ngemuva kwamahora angama-7, bese uphela ngemuva kwamahora angama-24. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-Ultralente, i-Ultralong, i-Ultratard.
• I-Multi-peak ingxube ye-insulin emfushane neyinde ebhodleleni linye. Isibonelo sezidakamizwa ezinje iMikstard (10% / 90%), i-Insuman comb (20% / 80%) nezinye.

Izidakamizwa ezisebenza ngokufishane ziyehluka ngokubukeka kwesikhathi eside, ziyabonakala. Okuhlukile yi-insulin B, noma isebenza isikhathi eside, kepha ayinamafu, kodwa esobala.

Ama-pancreas ahlala ekhiqiza i-insulin ebamba amafushane. Ukuze ulingise umsebenzi wayo, udinga ukuhlanganisa ama-insulin amafushane namade ngokuhlanganiswa: owokuqala - ngokudla ngakunye, okwesibili - kabili ngosuku. Umthamo uwumuntu ngamunye futhi unqunywe ngudokotela.

Kule nkulumo, iziguli zethulwa nemithetho yokugcina i-insulin. Udinga ukuyigcina esiqandisini phansi kakhulu, ukuvikela umuthi ekuqandeni. Ibhodlela elivulekile ligcinwa egumbini. Imijovo ifakwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba ezinkalweni, ezingalweni, esiswini noma ngaphansi kwegxombe. Ukufakwa ngokushesha okukhulu - ngemijovo esiswini, okuhamba kancane - ethangeni.

Isimiso sokudla

Isifundo esilandelayo siphathelene nokudla. Yonke imikhiqizo iqukethe usawoti wamaminerali, ama-carbohydrate, amaprotheni namafutha, amanzi, amavithamini. Kepha ama-carbohydrate kuphela angakhuphula ushukela. Futhi lokhu kufanele kubhekwe. Ihlukaniswe ngokungalingani nokugaya. Ezangaphambili azikwazi ukukhuphula amazinga kashukela.

Ngokuphathelene nokugaya, zihlukaniswe zaba ezilula ezigayeka kalula futhi zibe nokunambitheka okumnandi, futhi okunzima nokuzigaya.

Iziguli kumele zifunde ukuhlukanisa hhayi kuphela izinhlobo zama-carbohydrate, kodwa futhi ziqonde ukuthi zinakwa kanjani. Kulokhu kunomqondo we-XE - iyunithi yesinkwa. Enye yezinto ezinjalo i-10-12 g yama-carbohydrate. Uma i-insulin ingafakwanga i-1 XE, ushukela ukhuphuka ngo-1.5−2 mmol / l. Uma isiguli sibala i-XE, khona-ke iyokwazi ukuthi kungakanani ushukela ozonyuka, okuzosiza ekukhetheni umthamo ofanele we-insulin.

Ungalinganisa amayunithi esinkwa nezinkezo nezinkomishi. Isibonelo, ucezu lwanoma yisiphi isinkwa, isipuni sefulawa, wezipuni ezimbili zikakhokho, 250 ml wobisi, isipuni sikashukela, amazambane owodwa, ibhungane elilodwa, izaqathe ezintathu = iyunithi elilodwa. Izipuni ezintathu ze-pasta zingamayunithi amabili.

Awekho ama-carbohydrate enhlanzi nasenyameni, ngakho-ke angadliwa nganoma yiliphi inani.

Iyunithi elilodwa lesinkwa liqukethe enkomishini yama-sitrobheni, amajikijolo, ama-raspberries, ama-currants, ama-cherries. Isigaxa se-melon, i-apula, i-orange, i-pearl, i-Persimmon ne-peach - 1 unit.

Ngesikhathi sokudla kwasekuseni, isidlo sasemini kanye nesidlo sakusihlwa, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi inani le-XE lingabi ngaphezu kwesikhombisa. Ukuze uguqule iyunithi elilodwa lesinkwa, udinga ama-insulin ayi-1.5 kuye kwayi-4.

Izinkinga zesifo sikashukela

Ngokweqile ushukela egazini, umzimba uqala ukusebenzisa amafutha ngesikhathi sokulamba kwamandla. Njengomphumela, kuvela i-acetone. Isimo esinjenge-ketoacidosis, esiyingozi kakhulu, singadala i-coma noma ukufa.

Uma kunephunga le-acetone ephuma emlonyeni, kufanele uhlole ngokushesha ishukela leshukela legazi, uma izinkomba zingaphezu kuka-15 mmol / l, kudingeka i-urinalysis. Uma eqinisekisa i-acetone, khona-ke udinga ukufaka i-1/5 yomthamo wansuku zonke we-insulin emfushane kanye. Futhi ngemuva kwamahora amathathu, hlola ushukela wegazi futhi. Uma kungakaze kunciphe, umjovo uyaphindwa.

Uma isiguli esinesifo sikashukela sinomkhuhlane, kufanelekile ukwethula i-1/10 yomthamo we-insulin nsuku zonke.

Phakathi kwezinkinga zesifo sikashukela esezadlula isikhathi kukhona ukulimala kwezinhlelo nezitho zomzimba. Okokuqala, lokhu kusebenza emithanjeni nasemithanjeni yegazi. Balahlekelwa yi-elasticity futhi balimala masinyane, okubangela ukuphuma kwamakhulu kwendawo.

Imilenze, izinso namehlo kuphakathi kokuqala kokuhlupheka. Isifo seso sikashukela sibizwa nge-angioretinopathy. Iziguli kufanele zihlolwe ngu-ophthalmologist kabili ngonyaka.

Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus sinciphisa ukuzwela kwesikhumba kwemikhawulo engezansi, ngakho-ke ukulimala okuncane nokusikeka akuzwakali, okungaholela ekuthelelekeni kwabo bese kuphenduka izilonda noma i-gangrene.

Ukugwema izinkinga, awukwazi:

• Ukhuphuka izinyawo zakho, futhi usebenzise ama-pads wokushisa nemishini kagesi ukufudumeza.
• Sebenzisa izimbambo kanye namanxusa okususa i-callus.
• Hamba ungafake zicathulo futhi ugqoke izicathulo ezinezithende eziphakeme.

Isifo sikashukela isifo sezinso yisifo esibi sezinso.okubangelwa ushukela, kuqukethe izigaba ezi-5. Amathathu okuqala abuyele emuva. Ngolwesine, kuvela i-microalbumin kumchamo, futhi ukwehluleka kokuqina kwe-renal kuqala ukukhula. Ukuvimbela lokhu kuhlangana, kufanelekile ukulawula ushukela ngokwezinga elijwayelekile, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-albhamuin izikhathi ezi-4-5 ngonyaka.

I-atherossteosis nayo ingumphumela wesifo sikashukela. Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kuvame ukwenzeka ngaphandle kobuhlungu ngenxa yokulimala kokuphela kwezinzwa. Iziguli ziyelulekwa ukuthi zihlale zikala umfutho wegazi.

Iziguli kufanele ziqonde ukuthi isifo sikashukela asisiwona umusho, kodwa indlela ekhethekile yokuphila, eqapha ukuzihlola ngokwakho kanye nokwenziwa kwe-glucose ejwayelekile. Umuntu uyakwazi ukuzelapha, udokotela usiza kuphela kule ndaba.