Lapho ubheka i-glycemia, kuhlukaniswa izimo ezintathu: ngaphambi kokudla (ngaphambi kokudla), ngesikhathi sokudla (isikhathi sokudla) nangemva kokudla (postprandial). Isikhathi ngemuva kokudla sihlala sihlotshaniswa nokuguqulwa kokusebenza kwe-metabolism kanye ne-hormonal. Lezi zinguquko zingaba yingozi ngenxa yokubuyela emuva kwabo kancane. Ukweqisa ushukela ojwayelekile ngemuva kokudla kungumthwalo omkhulu emzimbeni, futhi uma kuqhubeka isikhathi eside, kuyingozi enkulu kumuntu.
Iglucose emzimbeni
Ushukela wegazi - ithemuisetshenziswe ngamagama we-colloquial njengoba ilingana nomqondo wokuhlushwa kwe-plasma glucose. Yize le ncazelo isetshenziswa hhayi ezilimini zansuku zonke, kepha futhi esimweni sokuphila futhi nasezincwadini ezikhethekile, ayibonisi iqiniso eliphelele. Ngaphezu kwe-glucose, igazi lihlala liqukethe abanye ushukela, kepha ngenxa yokuqhathanisa okungenamvelo kokuzalwa emzimbeni, izindinganiso zabo zokuqapha impilo zinganakwa.
IGlucose ushukela olula kunayo yonke ifomula yamakhemikhali i-C6H12J6 futhi ingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kubantu futhi into esemqoka ekusebenzeni kahle kobuchopho, izicubu zomzimba namaseli abomvu egazi. Inhloso yayo enkulu ngophethiloli wamaseli. Kukhiqizwa emzimbeni ngokuqhekeka kwe-carbohydrate emgodini wokugaya ukudla bese kungena ukungena kwegazi ngokusebenzisa izindonga ze-rectum. Amasheya akhululeka futhi atholakala kalula anqwabelana esibindini nasemisipha.
I-glucose egazini ilawulwa ngokuqinile ngumzimba. Ukwanda okunempilo kwalesi sikhombisi kungabonakala emacaleni amabili:
- ukudla;
- ukucindezela
Esimweni sokuqala, inani lifika kancane ngenxa yokudla kwama-carbohydrate avela ekudleni. Esikhathini sesibili, kukhona ukugxuma okubukhali ngenxa yomsebenzi wesistimu yezinzwa, okuhloswe ngayo ukulungiselela umzimba ngokushesha ukuze kuthathwe isenzo ngokwakha imithombo yamandla eyeqile. Insalela engasetshenziswanga iguqulwa ibe i-glycogen, triglycerides nezinye izinto. Ukusekela ukuhlinzekwa komzimba okudingekayo komzimba, ukulawulwa kwe-hormonal glycemia kuhlinzekelwa ngezinto ezinjalo eziphikisanayo ezigcinwe yi-pancreas:
- i-insulin - ebhekene nokudluliswa kwe-glucose isuka egazini iye emangqamuzaneni;
- i-glucagon - yenza inqubo yokukhulula i-glucose ku-glucagen.
Futhi, izinkomba zikashukela wegazi zithinteka ngama-hormone e-pituitary gland, gland yegland kanye nezindlala ze-adrenal, njenge-norepinephrine ne-adrenaline, i-thyroxine, somatotropin, dopamine, somatostatin.
Amanani ajwayelekile
I-glycemia efanelekile yomzimba iyehluka kuye ngomuntu. Ububanzi obujwayelekile bezilinganiso zokuzila (amahora ayisishiyagalombili noma ngaphezulu ngaphandle kokudla) bungaphakathi kwama-milligram angama-65 kuye kwangama-105 e-decilita ngayinye. In iningi labantu, okuhlushwa ikhuphuka ngemuva kokudla. Imikhuba yoshukela wegazi ngemuva kokudla isuka ku-135 kuya ku-140 amagremu nge-desilita ngayinye.
Lokhu kwehluka kwamazinga we-glycemic esiswini esigcwele futhi esimweni sokulamba akuzona ama-pathologies futhi kukhombisa izinqubo zokufakwa emzimbeni kanye nokugcinwa kweglucose kwezicubu. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokudla, umzimba wehla izakhamzimba ekudleni zibe yizinto ezilula (kufaka noshukela) ongangena esiswini esincane. Amanyikwe afihla insulin, ivuselela izicubu ukumunca ushukela kanye ne-metabolism yayo (inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-glycogeneis). Izitolo ze-Glycogen zisetshenziselwa ukugcina amazinga e-glucose aphilile phakathi kokudla.
Inqubo yokukhipha ushukela ezitokisini nayo iqala kumanyikwe ngokufihla i-glucagon. Le hormone ikhuthaza ukuguqulwa kwesibindi glycogen ibuyele kushukela. Uma umzimba ungenazo izinqolobane ezanele, ukhiqiza ushukela wawo emithonjeni engeyona eye-carbohydrate, njengama-amino acid ne-glycerin. Izinqubo ezifanayo zifakwa phakathi kokuzivocavoca okukhulu komzimba nangesikhathi sendlala enkulu.
Kwezinye izifo, uhlelo lokulawula ushukela wegazi luyaphazamiseka. Njengomthetho, ezimweni ezinjalo, umzimba awukwazi ukukhiqiza i-insulin noma usabele kahle kuwo. Izifo nezimo lapho ukuguquguquka kwe-glycemic kudlula khona okwejwayelekile:
- isifo sikashukela
- ukuvuvukala, umdlavuza we-pancreatic;
- ukungasebenzi kwe-pituitary gland;
- ukungasebenzi kahle kwezindlala ze-adrenal;
- ukuthatha imishanguzo ethile;
- ukucindezeleka okungapheli.
Ukulahleka kokuzwela kwehomoni kuvame ukwenzeka kubantu abakhuluphele noma ekuholeni indlela yokuphila engasebenzi. Ukuhlaziywa okuhlosiwe kwezimo zangaphambi kwesifo sikashukela nokulawulwa kwengozi yezinkinga ezingamahlalakhona kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, kuhlolwa ushukela amahora amabili ngemuva kokudla.
Ukubekezelelwa kwe-glucose kuyinkomba ebaluleke kakhulu yokuxilonga. Izinga loshukela ngemuva kokudla kumuntu onempilo, ngemuva kwamahora amabili, njengomthetho, kufanele linciphe. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, khona-ke bobabili abantu abagulayo nabaphilile kufanele bacabange ngokudla kwabo. Ukuphambuka nezinqubo (ushukela amahora ama-2 ngemuva kokudla) kubukeka kanjena:
- ngaphansi kwe-135 mg / dl - okwejwayelekile emzimbeni onempilo;
- kusuka ku-135 kuye ku-160 mg / dl - ukubekezelela okuncane kokulimala kwe-glucose kubantu abanempilo, abanelisayo kwabazilawula isifo sikashukela;
- ngaphezulu kwe-160 mg / dl - kubhekwa njengengozi ngenxa yezingozi zezinkinga ezingamahlalakhona ezivela ku-hyperglycemia.
Ukulawula inqubo ejwayelekile ye-glucose yegazi ngemuva kokudla, kuvame ukusetshenziswa isivivinyo lapho isidlo esigcwele sithathelwa indawo ne-75 g ye-glucose encibilikisiwe emanzini.
Imiphumela yokuphambuka kwemithambo yegazi
Ukwanda okubukhali nokubalulekile kwe-postprandial ku-glucose yegazi kunethonya elonakalisayo ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi. I-Hyperglycemia ibangela ukulandelana kokunye okucasulayo ibhalansi ekunikezelweni kwegazi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amathuba okuqanjwa kwegazi akhuphuka, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izitsha ngokwazo zishintsha izinguquko eziningi: ukutholakala kwazo kuyanda, ezinye izingqimba zamagobolondo ziyaqina, futhi izingqimba ze-atherosclerotic zifakwa ezindongeni. Uma le nqubo ingamiswa, imikhumbi ingahle ilahlekelwe ngokuphelele i-patency, okuzoholela ekuwohlokeni kwezicubu ezondlekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ushukela wegazi ophezulu ngemuva kokudla kuveza izindlela ezengeziwe ezithinta kakhulu imisebenzi ebalulekile yomzimba. Esikhathini se-postprandial, ukuqoqwa kwemikhiqizo enama-oxid kukhuphuka kakhulu ngenxa ye-metabolism ehambisana nokugaya. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi yi-oxidative stress.
Kanye nokwanda ushukela wegazi, izinga lemikhiqizo yama-metabolism ayingozi emithanjeni yegazi liyanda. Uma zonke lezi zinqubo zingalawulwa, umphumela ungaba izinkinga ezinkulu ezinso, ohlelweni lwezinzwa, inhliziyo, emikhunjini emikhulu nezinye izitho. Ukulinganiswa kwe-postprandial glycemia kungadingeka ngezimpawu ezilandelayo:
ukuchama njalo- ukoma okungajwayelekile;
- umbono omfiphele;
- ukukhathala okuphikelelayo;
- ukutheleleka okuphindaphindayo;
- ephulukisa amanxeba kancane.
ukuchama njaloInqubo yokuhlaziya
Ungalinganisa ushukela wegazi we-postprandial ekhaya ngemitha ye-glucose yomuntu siqu. Indlela elungile kungaba ukuthatha ukufunda phakathi nesonto nemikhiqizo yokushintshana ehlukile. Ukuthuthukisa indlela efanele yokudla, kubalulekile ukuthi uzinikeze ngokuzimela ihlolwe ukuthi yikuphi ukudla okuthandayo noma okuvame ukusetshenziswa kukunikeza amazinga kashukela.
Ukunemba kovivinyo kudinga ukuzila ukudla kokudla amahora ayishumi nambili. Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukuhlela ukuhlaziywa kwekusasa noma ntambama esikhungweni esikhethekile, ngemuva ukweqa isidlo sakusihlwa kusihlwa. Kubalulekile ukugcina ukunemba ngesikhathi sesampula yegazi futhi uqiniseke ukuhlela ukuphumula ngemuva kokudla, ngoba ukuzivocavoca kungasigcoba isithombe sokuhlolwa.
Ngokwesampula yegazi, ukubhoboza emunweni kungasetshenziswa, kanye nokuthatha isampula kusuka kumthambo wegazi (i-venous ne-capillary igazi lihlukile ekwakhiweni), ngokuya ngokuya kadokotela noma amandla elabhorethri. Imiphumela ngokuvamile ayikwenzi ukuthi ulinde ngaphezu kwehora elilodwa noma amabili.
Amanani aphezulu kashukela we-postprandial angakhombisa ukungondleki kahle noma isifo sikashukela. Kodwa noma ngabe kungakanani ushukela egazini okuboniswa uvivinyo lokuqala, odokotela abasoze basebenzise umphumela owodwa wokuhlola ukuthola lesi simo. Okungenzeka kakhulu, uma kwenzeka kubhekelelwa ukungabekezelelwa kwe-glucose, kuzohlolwa ezinye izivivinyo.
